RHOXF2

RHOXF2
Identifiers
Aliases	RHOXF2 , CT107, PEPP-2, PEPP2, THG1, Rhox homeobox family member 2
External IDs	HomoloGene: 129688 GeneCards: RHOXF2
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	X chromosome (human) [1]
End	120,165,630 bp [1]
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• protein binding ; • sequence-specific DNA binding ; • DNA binding ; • RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding ; • identical protein binding ;
Cellular component	• cell nucleus ;
Biological process	• regulation of transcription, DNA-templated ; • positive regulation of gene expression ; • regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	84528
	n/a
	ENSG00000131721
	n/a
	Q9BQY4
	n/a
	NM_032498
	n/a
	NP_115887
	n/a
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Last updated May 04, 2019

Rhox homeobox family, member 2 also known as paired-like homeobox protein (PEPP-2) is a protein in humans that is encoded by the RHOXF2 gene.^[3]

Protein biological molecule consisting of chains of amino acid residues

Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific three-dimensional structure that determines its activity.

In biology, a gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function. During gene expression, the DNA is first copied into RNA. The RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for a protein that performs a function. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic trait. These genes make up different DNA sequences called genotypes. Genotypes along with environmental and developmental factors determine what the phenotypes will be. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes as well as gene–environment interactions. Some genetic traits are instantly visible, such as eye color or number of limbs, and some are not, such as blood type, risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that constitute life.

RHOXF2 contains a glutamine-rich N-terminus, a homeodomain, and a proline-rich C-terminus.^[4]

Glutamine is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Its side chain is similar to that of glutamic acid, except the carboxylic acid group is replaced by an amide. It is classified as a charge-neutral, polar amino acid. It is non-essential and conditionally essential in humans, meaning the body can usually synthesize sufficient amounts of it, but in some instances of stress, the body's demand for glutamine increases, and glutamine must be obtained from the diet. It is encoded by the codons CAA and CAG.

The N-terminus (also known as the amino-terminus, NH₂-terminus, N-terminal end or amine-terminus) is the start of a protein or polypeptide referring to the free amine group (-NH₂) located at the end of a polypeptide. Normally the amine group is bonded to another carboxylic group in a protein to make it a chain, but since the end of a protein has only 1 out of 2 areas chained, the free amine group is referred to the N-terminus. By convention, peptide sequences are written N-terminus to C-terminus, left to right in LTR languages. This correlates the translation direction to the text direction (because when a protein is translated from messenger RNA, it is created from N-terminus to C-terminus - amino acids are added to the carbonyl end).

The C-terminus is the end of an amino acid chain, terminated by a free carboxyl group (-COOH). When the protein is translated from messenger RNA, it is created from N-terminus to C-terminus. The convention for writing peptide sequences is to put the C-terminal end on the right and write the sequence from N- to C-terminus.

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Iroquois-class homeodomain protein IRX-5, also known as Iroquois homeobox protein 5, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRX5 gene.

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References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000131721 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:".
↑ "Entrez Gene: Rhox homeobox family, member 2".
↑ Wayne CM, MacLean JA, Cornwall G, Wilkinson MF (November 2002). "Two novel human X-linked homeobox genes, hPEPP1 and hPEPP2, selectively expressed in the testis". Gene. 301 (1–2): 1–11. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(02)01087-9. PMID 12490318.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000131721 - Ensembl, May 2017

[2] "Human PubMed Reference:".

[entrez-3] "Entrez Gene: Rhox homeobox family, member 2".

[pmid12490318-4] Wayne CM, MacLean JA, Cornwall G, Wilkinson MF (November 2002). "Two novel human X-linked homeobox genes, hPEPP1 and hPEPP2, selectively expressed in the testis". Gene. 301 (1–2): 1–11. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(02)01087-9. PMID 12490318.