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Pioneer 11 is a NASA robotic space probe launched on April 5,1973,to study the asteroid belt,the environment around Jupiter and Saturn,the solar wind,and cosmic rays. It was the first probe to encounter Saturn,the second to fly through the asteroid belt,and the second to fly by Jupiter. Later,Pioneer 11 became the second of five artificial objects to achieve an escape velocity allowing it to leave the Solar System. Due to power constraints and the vast distance to the probe,the last routine contact with the spacecraft was on September 30,1995,and the last good engineering data was received on November 24,1995.
Ellen Ochoa is an American engineer,former astronaut and former director of the Johnson Space Center. In 1993,Ochoa became the first Latina woman to go to space when she served on a nine-day mission aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery. Ochoa became director of the center upon the retirement of the previous director,Michael Coats,on December 31,2012. She was the first Latina director and the second female director of Johnson Space Center.
Carolyn C. Porco is an American planetary scientist who explores the outer Solar System,beginning with her imaging work on the Voyager missions to Jupiter,Saturn,Uranus and Neptune in the 1980s. She led the imaging science team on the Cassini mission in orbit around Saturn. She is an expert on planetary rings and the Saturnian moon,Enceladus.
Claudia Joan Alexander was a Canadian-born American research scientist specializing in geophysics and planetary science. She worked for the United States Geological Survey and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. She was the last project manager of NASA's Galileo mission to Jupiter and until the time of her death had served as project manager and scientist of NASA's role in the European-led Rosetta mission to study Comet Churyumov–Gerasimenko.
The exploration of Saturn has been solely performed by crewless probes. Three missions were flybys,which formed an extended foundation of knowledge about the system. The Cassini–Huygens spacecraft,launched in 1997,was in orbit from 2004 to 2017.
Miriam Rodón Naveira is an environmental scientist from San Juan,Puerto Rico,working at the federal government of the United States for which she was awarded a Silver Medal for Superior Service and a Suzanne Olive EEO and Diversity Award both by the EPA. She was also the first Hispanic woman to serve as branch chief of the EPA's National Exposure Research Laboratory (NERL) and later the first Hispanic woman to become deputy director of NERL's Environmental Sciences Division. Working at NASA since 2000,she now oversees research to enhance collaboration within DFRC,as well as with external entities,in support of the integrated use of remote sensing instruments in aerial platforms.
Michele Karen Dougherty is a British space scientist who is professor of space physics at Imperial College London. She is leading unmanned exploratory missions to Saturn and Jupiter and is Principal Investigator for J-MAG –a magnetometer for the European Space Agency's Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer,launched in April 2023.
Reta F. Beebe is an American astronomer,author,and popularizer of astronomy. She is an expert on the planets Jupiter and Saturn,and the author of Jupiter:The Giant Planet. She is a professor emeritus in the Astronomy Department at New Mexico State University and 2010 winner of the NASA Exceptional Public Service medal.
David John Southwood is a British space scientist who holds the post of Senior Research Investigator at Imperial College London. He was the President of the Royal Astronomical Society from 2012–2014,and Director of Science and Robotic Exploration at the European Space Agency from 2001–2011. Southwood's research interests have been in solar–terrestrial physics and planetary science,particularly magnetospheres. He built the magnetic field instrument for the Cassini Saturn orbiter.
Natalie M. Batalha is professor of Astronomy and Astrophysics at UC Santa Cruz. Previously she was a research astronomer in the Space Sciences Division of NASA Ames Research Center and held the position of Science Team Lead,Mission Scientist,and Project Scientist on the Kepler Mission,the first mission capable of finding Earth-size planets around other stars. Before moving to NASA,Batalha was a Professor of Physics and Astronomy at San Jose State University.
The Cassini space probe was deliberately disposed of via a controlled fall into Saturn's atmosphere on September 15,2017,ending its nearly two-decade-long mission. This method was chosen to prevent biological contamination of any of the moons of Saturn now thought to offer potentially habitable environments. Factors that influenced the mission end method included the amount of rocket fuel left,the health of the spacecraft,and funding for operations on Earth.
Patricia S. Cowings is an aerospace psychophysiologist. She was the first American woman to be trained as a scientist astronaut by NASA;though she was an alternate for a space flight in 1979,she did not travel to space. She is most known for her studies in the physiology of astronauts in outer space,as well as helping find cures for astronaut's motion sickness.
Amanda R. Hendrix is an American planetary scientist known for her pioneering studies of solar system bodies at ultraviolet wavelengths. She is a senior scientist at the Planetary Science Institute. Her research interests include moon and asteroid surface composition,space weathering effects and radiation products. She is a co-investigator on the Cassini UVIS instrument,was a co-investigator on the Galileo UVS instrument,is a Participating Scientist on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter LAMP instrument and is a Principal Investigator on Hubble Space Telescope observing programs. As of 2019,she is also the co-lead of the NASA Roadmaps to Oceans World Group.
Linda Spilker is an American planetary scientist who served as the project scientist for the Cassini mission exploring the planet Saturn. Her research interests include the evolution and dynamics of Saturn's rings. She is presently the Project Scientist for the Voyager missions.
Powtawche N. Valerino is an American mechanical engineer at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. She worked as a navigation engineer for the Cassini mission.
Carrie Anderson is an American planetary scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.
Amy Simon is an American planetary scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center,involved in several missions of the Solar System Exploration Program.
Candice Joy Hansen-Koharcheck is a planetary scientist. She is responsible for the development and operation of the JunoCam,for which she received the NASA's Outstanding Public Leadership Medal in 2018.
Kristin Yvonne Rozier is an American aerospace engineer and computer scientist whose research investigates formal methods including temporal logic and model checking for the formal verification of safety-critical systems,especially those involving air transport,unmanned aerial vehicles,and air traffic control. She is Black &Veatch Associate Professor of Aerospace Engineering,Computer Science,Electrical and Computer Engineering,and Mathematics at Iowa State University,where she heads the Laboratory for Temporal Logic.
Ali Guarneros Luna is a Mexican aerospace engineer at National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Luna is a professor at San Jose State University and dedicates her time mentoring the youth. She is best known for her work in designing cost efficient miniature satellites and leads many satellite projects for NASA.
References
- 1 2 "CWSF 1985 Alumna Honoured at 2011 Women in Film and Television Showcase". Canada Wide Science Fair. December 3, 2011. Archived from the original on January 26, 2021.
- 1 2 3 , Rachel Zimmerman: Inventor of the Blissymbol Printer.
- 1 2 3 "Women's History Month Part 2: Rachel Zimmerman-Brachman – Westcoast Women in Engineering, Science and Technology – Simon Fraser University". www.sfu.ca. Retrieved November 1, 2019.
- 1 2 Pedro, Kelly (December 3, 2011). "Londoner gave gift of communication". London Free Press .
- ↑ "Inspiring Others to Reach for the Stars: Rachel Zimmerman Brachman '95". alumni.brandeis.edu. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
- 1 2 "Rachel Zimmerman Brachman". Science Mission Directorate.
- ↑ "Physics at Brandeis " Rachel Zimmerman Brachman '95 receives visionary award". blogs.brandeis.edu. Archived from the original on April 16, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
- 1 2 3 Chang-Yen Phillips, Chris. "This Canadian girl's school project gave non-verbal kids a new voice".
- ↑ "Rachel Zimmerman | Lemelson-MIT Program". lemelson.mit.edu. Retrieved November 1, 2019.
- ↑ "Women's History Month Part 2: Rachel Zimmerman-Brachman - Westcoast Women in Engineering, Science and Technology - Simon Fraser University". www.sfu.ca. Retrieved March 12, 2022.
- ↑ "Rachel Zimmerman – MSS98". www.isunet.edu. July 23, 2015. Archived from the original on January 4, 2019. Retrieved April 5, 2016.