Ragnar Holm (born 6 May 1879 in Skara, Sweden, died on 27 February 1970 at St. Marys, Pennsylvania, USA), was a Swedish physicist and researcher in electrical engineering, who was partially active in Germany and the United States. [1]
In 1904, Holm became licentiate in philosophy (PhL) at Uppsala University, and earned his PhD in 1908. [2] From 1906 to 1908 he studied at the University of Göttingen in Germany. In 1908 to 1909 he was a lecturer in Stockholm. Between 1909 and 1919 he worked as a physicist for Siemens & Halske in Berlin. In 1919 to 1921 he was a physicist and teacher at the Telegraphic Education Center in Stockholm, and between 1921 and 1927 associate professor at the Technical High School in Örebro . Between 1927 and 1945 he worked again for Siemens & Halske. From 1947 he was a consulting physicist at Stackpole Carbon Company in St. Marys, Pennsylvania.
Holm's research area included the study of electrical discharges, but his main focus was on electrical contacts, where he was a world-leading authority. His book Electric Contacts, originally published in 1946, [3] is still used as a standard work in the field (in its fourth edition of 1967). [4] [5]
He also made significant contributions to the field of tribology, specifically predicting wear. [6]
The Swedish Library of the Royal Institute of Technology (KTHB) maintains a special literature collection (Holm Collection) related to Ragnar Holm's research. [7]
In 1963, Holm received the International Award from the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers. [8] In 1968, he was awarded the Mayo D. Hersey Award from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. [9]
Holm died on 27 February 1970 at his home in St. Marys, Pennsylvania. His funeral was held in Sweden at Skara Cathedral on the 14 August 1970 where his ashes were interred. [10] An obituary to Holm was published in Physics Today (American Institute of Physics). [11] In 1971, the year after Holm's death, the IEEE established the Ragnar Holm Scientific Achievement Award ("Ragnar Holm Award") for efforts in the field of electrical contacts. The prize has been awarded annually since 1972. [12]
Since 1999, the Swedish Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) has distributed the Ragnar Holm plaque to a young physicist at the beginning of the research career, after assessing dissertations and articles in physics, primarily related to Holm's previous research on electrical contacts. Every second year, the plaque is awarded to a Swedish recipient, and every two years the selection is international.
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An electrical contact is an electrical circuit component found in electrical switches, relays, connectors and circuit breakers. Each contact is a piece of electrically conductive material, typically metal. When a pair of contacts touch, they can pass an electrical current with a certain contact resistance, dependent on surface structure, surface chemistry and contact time; when the pair is separated by an insulating gap, then the pair does not pass a current. When the contacts touch, the switch is closed; when the contacts are separated, the switch is open. The gap must be an insulating medium, such as air, vacuum, oil, SF6. Contacts may be operated by humans in push-buttons and switches, by mechanical pressure in sensors or machine cams, and electromechanically in relays. The surfaces where contacts touch are usually composed of metals such as silver or gold alloys that have high electrical conductivity, wear resistance, oxidation resistance and other properties.
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