| Ramasindrazana | |
|---|---|
 Princess Ramasindrazana in 1890 | |
| Born | Kingdom of Madagascar |
| Died | Alpes-Maritimes France |
| Dynasty | Hova |
Ramasindrazana was a Malagasy princess and an aunt of Ranavalona III.
| Ramasindrazana | |
|---|---|
| Princess Ramasindrazana in 1890 | |
| Born | Kingdom of Madagascar |
| Died | Alpes-Maritimes France |
| Dynasty | Hova |
Ramasindrazana was a Malagasy princess and an aunt of Ranavalona III.
Princess Ramasindrazana was a member of the Malagasy royal family. She was an aunt of Princess Rasendranoro and Ranavalona III, the last queen of Madagascar.
After the monarchy was abolished by French colonial rule in 1897, Ramasindrazana went into exile with other members of the royal family. Accompanied by Princess Rasendranoro and Princess Razafinandriamanitra, she joined Queen Ranavalona in Toamasina. [1] From there they took a ship to Réunion and took up residence in the Hotel de l'Europe in Saint-Denis. [2] After living in the hotel for a month, the royal family moved into a house near the government offices. While in Saint-Denis, she accompanied the queen during visits and public appearances, including visiting a new church under construction and meeting with the Governor of Réunion. [3] Ramasindrazana lived there as part of the queen's household for almost two years until they were moved by the French government and brought to Marsielles. After living in France for two months, she accompanied the queen during a transfer to French Algeria. She moved into a villa in Algiers with the queen as part of the royal household. [4]
When the queen died in 1917, Ramasindrazana left Algeria and moved to Alpes-Maritimes in France, where she lived until her death. [5]
The history of Madagascar is distinguished clearly by the early isolation of the landmass from the ancient supercontinent of Pangaea, containing amongst others the African continent and the Indian subcontinent, and by the island's late colonization by human settlers from the Sunda islands and from East Africa. These two factors facilitated the evolution and survival of thousands of endemic plant and animal species, some of which have gone extinct or are currently threatened with extinction. Trade in the Indian Ocean at the time of first colonization of Madagascar was dominated by Indonesian ships, probably of Borobudur ship and K'un-lun po types.
Ranavalona I, also known as Ranavalo-Manjaka I and the “Mad Monarch of Madagascar” was sovereign of the Kingdom of Madagascar from 1828 to 1861. After positioning herself as queen following the death of her young husband, Radama I, Ranavalona pursued a policy of isolationism and self-sufficiency, reducing economic and political ties with European powers, repelling a French attack on the coastal town of Foulpointe, and taking vigorous measures to eradicate the small but growing Malagasy Christian movement initiated under Radama I by members of the London Missionary Society.
Ranavalona II was Queen regnant of Madagascar from 1868 to 1883, succeeding Queen Rasoherina, her first cousin. She is best remembered for Christianizing the royal court during her reign.
Ranavalona III was the last sovereign of the Kingdom of Madagascar. She ruled from 30 July 1883 to 28 February 1897 in a reign marked by ultimately futile efforts to resist the colonial designs of the government of France. As a young woman, she was selected from among several Andriana qualified to succeed Queen Ranavalona II upon her death. Like both preceding queens, Ranavalona entered a political marriage with a member of the Hova elite named Rainilaiarivony, who largely oversaw the day-to-day governance of the kingdom and managed its foreign affairs in his role as prime minister. Ranavalona tried to stave off colonization by strengthening trade and diplomatic relations with foreign powers throughout her reign, but French attacks on coastal port towns and an assault on the capital city of Antananarivo led to the capture of the royal palace in 1895, ending the sovereignty and political autonomy of the centuries-old kingdom.
The Malagasy Protectorate was a French protectorate in what is now Madagascar. Through the protectorate, France attempted to control the foreign affairs of the Kingdom of Imerina through its representative at Antananarivo. France declared the island a protectorate in 1882 after reaching an agreement with Britain, which had been the first European power to establish a lasting influence and presence on the island that dated back to the arrival of London Missionary Society missionaries around 1820; Britain agreed to sanction French claims to Madagascar in exchange for French recognition of its claims to Zanzibar. The French justified the establishment of a protectorate on the basis of land claims over outlying islands like Nosy Be and Nosy Boraha and a treaty signed with a local leader of the western coastal Sakalava people. It was further justified through documents signed by King Radama II, including a letter he was possibly tricked into signing that entreated Napoleon III to support a coup d'état against Ranavalona I, and land ownership agreements with French industrialist Joseph-François Lambert that were revoked upon Radama's assassination in 1863. It ended in 1897 as Madagascar became a French colony.
Rainilaiarivony was a Malagasy politician who served as the prime minister of Madagascar from 1864 to 1895, succeeding his older brother Rainivoninahitriniony, who had held the post for thirteen years. His career mirrored that of his father Rainiharo, a renowned military man who became prime minister during the reign of Queen Ranavalona I.
The Franco-Hova Wars, also known as the Franco-Malagasy Wars, were two French military interventions in Madagascar between 1883 and 1896 that overthrew the ruling monarchy of the Merina Kingdom, and resulted in Madagascar becoming a French colony. The term "Hova" referred to a social class within the Merina class structure.
The Rova of Antananarivo is a royal palace complex (rova) in Madagascar that served as the home of the sovereigns of the Kingdom of Imerina in the 17th and 18th centuries, as well as of the rulers of the Kingdom of Madagascar in the 19th century. Its counterpart is the nearby fortified village of Ambohimanga, which served as the spiritual seat of the kingdom in contrast to the political significance of the Rova in the capital. Located in the central highland city of Antananarivo, the Rova occupies the highest point on Analamanga, formerly the highest of Antananarivo's many hills. Merina king Andrianjaka, who ruled Imerina from around 1610 until 1630, is believed to have captured Analamanga from a Vazimba king around 1610 or 1625 and erected the site's first fortified royal structure. Successive Merina kings continued to rule from the site until the fall of the monarchy in 1896, frequently restoring, modifying or adding royal structures within the compound to suit their needs.
The Second Madagascar expedition was a French military intervention which took place in 1894–95, sealing the conquest of the Merina Kingdom on the island of Madagascar by France. It was the last phase of the Franco-Hova War and followed the First Madagascar expedition of 1883–85.
The "crown" of Queen Ranavalona III is a crowning of a royal canopy used by Ranavalona III during the ceremony of declaration of war against France in 1895.
The Menalamba rebellion was an uprising in Madagascar by the Sakalava people that emerged in central Madagascar in response to the French capture of the royal palace in the capital city of Antananarivo in September 1895. it spread rapidly in 1896, threatening the capital, but French forces were successful in securing the surrender of many rebel groups in 1897. Elements of the rebellion continued sporadically until 1903.
Salima Machamba was sultan of Mohéli (Mwali) in 1888–1909. Her official paternal name was Salima Machamba bint Saidi Hamadi Makadara. She was a relative of Ranavalona I, Queen of Madagascar.
The Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies was a French colony off the coast of Southeast Africa between 1897 and 1958 in what is now Madagascar. The colony was formerly a protectorate of France known as Malagasy Protectorate. The protectorate became a colony, following Queen Ranavalona III's exile to Réunion.
France–Madagascar relations are the diplomatic relations between the French Republic and the Republic of Madagascar. France controlled Madagascar beginning in 1895 until the islands nation's independence in 1960. Both nations are today members of the Francophonie and the United Nations.
Binao (1867–1927) was a queen of the Sakalava people of Madagascar between 1881–1927. She was the granddaughter of King Andriantsoly of the Boina Kingdom, and acceded in 1881 to the throne of the Bemihisatra group of the Sakalava following the death of her mother, Safy Mozongo. She controlled a relatively small territory on the north-western coast of Madagascar consisting of the island of Nosy Be and a stretch of the mainland coast opposite. During the early years of her reign she faced the challenge posed by the ambitions of the mainland's dominant power, the Merina Kingdom.
Princess Marie-Louise Razafinkeriefo of Madagascar was the last heir apparent to the throne of the Kingdom of Madagascar. She was a grandniece, and the adoptive daughter, of Ranavalona III. During World War II, she worked as a nurse and was made a Dame of the National Order of the Legion of Honour by the French government for her medical service.
Princess Razafinandriamanitra of Madagascar was a member of the Malagasy royal family and a niece of Ranavalona III. She was the heiress presumptive of the Kingdom of Madagascar until the monarchy was abolished in 1897.
Princess Rasendranoro of Madagascar was a member of the Malagasy royal family and the older sister of Ranavalona III.
Princess Raketaka of Madagascar was heir to the throne of Madagascar until her father Radama I died. She was also the mother of the last queen, Ranavalona III.
