The Alexandre Robert case concerns an incident of gang rape of a minor that occurred in 2007 in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
This case was widely publicized in France and around the world and had consequences for diplomatic relations between France and the United Arab Emirates. [1]
On 14 July 2007, Alexandre Robert, a 15-year-old French boy living in Dubai, was returning from the beach with his 16-year-old French friend and, unable to find a taxi, they decided to accept an offer of a ride from an acquaintance, a teenaged Emirati boy who they did not know well. This acquaintance called two of his friends, men aged 18 and 36, [2] who came to pick them up by car. Alexandre and his friend entered the vehicle with the three Emeratis, but the car was then driven past the exit where he lived. When Robert enquired about where they were going, the men locked the doors of the car. They then drove the two friends towards open desert in the outskirts of the city. Robert called the police emergency phone number using his cellphone and began screaming for help, but the Emerati teen overheard the call and beat him and took away his cellphone and threatened to kill his family if he reported them. [1] Alexandre's friend was then forcibly removed from the car, beaten, and forced to go behind a sand dune where he could not see what was happening when the three Emeratis threatened Robert with a pool stick and a hunting knife and proceeded to gang-rape him. [3] [4]
When the assailants tried to drive the car away after the rape, it became stuck in the sand. They telephoned a relative for help, and a 4×4 vehicle arrived quickly. Robert managed to memorize the license plate of the 4×4, which later led to the arrest of the perpetrators. [5]
Robert and his friend were then brought back to Dubai. During the ride back to the city, Alexandre and his friend were repeatedly threatened that they would be raped again and killed if they tried to report them to the police. They were then hastily thrown out of the car in front of a luxury hotel. [1]
This case shed light on part of the judicial system of the United Arab Emirates, particularly on the treatment reserved for rape cases and on the taboo of homosexuality in the country. According to Robert's father, they were received in a rather hostile way by the police who would have done everything to dissuade them from filing a complaint. [5]
At the time of the medical examination, the doctor at the police station pressured Robert to say that he was homosexual and that the incident was not in fact a rape, but instead was a consensual homosexual relationship between him and the three men. [1]
Dubai considers homosexuality a crime, with consensual sodomy punishable by up to 10 years in prison in Dubai. [6] The concept of raping a man is also not widely recognised, with Dubai even preferring to talk about "forced homosexuality" rather than rape in these situations. [5]
Alexandre's mother, Véronique Robert, was quickly made aware of the events. As a journalist, she used her networks and knowledge to ensure that her son's rape was not swept under the carpet by Emirati authorities. She hired a French-speaking Emirati lawyer and had her son undergo a series of medical tests, ensuring that the complaint was taken seriously. She also enlisted the help of the French authorities, in particular the French Consulate in Dubai. Véronique Robert then contacted the French government directly via the Quai d'Orsay and the Secretary General of the Élysée Palace, Claude Guéant. [5] During a meeting at the Élysée Palace in July 2007, French President Nicolas Sarkozy even asked his Emirati counterpart to give "the greatest attention" to the case. [4]
Following the mobilisation of Alexandre's mother, their lawyer contacted the Dubai police so that they could take the young man's statement again, this time more seriously, as it previously had not even been recorded. As a result of this new statement and the number plate that Robert provided them with, the police were able to arrest two of the rapists. [4]
The Dubai authorities initially announced to Alexander's family that blood tests carried out on the three rapists had provided negative results and that they were therefore not carriers of HIV or other sexually transmitted diseases. [2] Shortly thereafter, contradictory information arrived and the family began to doubt the information and requested new medical tests. Once again they were told that the new tests were negative. It was later learned that the 32-year-old assailant had been carrying HIV for several years and that he was well known to the Emirati authorities, who had even recommended that the man be locked up in a separate room when he was incarcerated. The Emirati authorities are said to have sought to hide this HIV case, as the subject, like that of homosexuality, is very taboo in the country, which seeks to deny the existence of "the virus" on its territory. [7]
Faced with this obvious concealment of information, Véronique Robert accused the Dubai authorities of having lied and endangered her son's life because during this time they had not been able to start using post-exposure preventive therapy. She filed a complaint against the Attorney General, the two chiefs of police, the Sheikh of Dubai and Abu Dhabi for endangering her son's life. [5]
In the first trial, two of the three rapists in the car were tried, the 18-year-old man and the 36-year-old man. They were accused of "kidnapping with deception" and "forced homosexuality", [7] the latter charge being punishable by life imprisonment or the death penalty in Dubai.
The defendants pleaded not guilty and claimed that Robert had consented during the events. Their lawyers accused Robert of being homosexual, as homosexuality is a crime in Dubai. The Emerati teen who had allegedly offered him a ride, forced him into the car, beat him when he called the police, and participated in the gang rape was expected to later be judged by a court for minors on the same charges as the men, and reportedly could receive a sentence up to 10 years of imprisonment, but the name of the teen and the status of the case was not disclosed. [4]
Ultimately, the two adult men were sentenced to 15 years in prison each. [8] Their names were not publicly disclosed, nor was it revealed what specific crimes they were convicted of. [7] Although Alexandre and his family were pleased that the men were convicted and that the crime did not go unpunished, they did not consider the sentence to be severe enough. In their opinion, the fact that the 36-year-old man had hidden his HIV status was an aggravating factor that should have resulted in a harsher sentence.
Paul Kenneth Bernardo, also known as Paul Jason Teale, is a Canadian serial rapist and serial killer dubbed the Scarborough Rapist, the Schoolgirl Killer and, together with his former wife Karla Homolka, one of the Ken and Barbie Killers. He is known for initially committing a series of rapes in Scarborough, Ontario, a district of Toronto, between 1987 and 1990, before committing three murders with Homolka; among these victims was Karla's younger sister, Tammy Homolka.
In scholarly literature and criminology, gang rape, also called serial gang rape, party rape, group rape, or multiple perpetrator rape, is the rape of a single victim by two or more violators. Gang rapes are forged on shared identity, religion, ethnic group, or race. There are multiple motives for serial gang rapes, such as for sexual entitlement, asserting sexual prowess, war, punishment, and, in up to 30% of cases, for targeting racial minorities, religious minorities, or ethnic groups.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBTQ) people in Iran face severe challenges not experienced by non-LGBTQ residents. Sexual activity between members of the same sex is illegal and can be punishable by death, and people can legally change their assigned sex only through sex reassignment surgery. Currently, Iran is the only country confirmed to execute gay people, though death penalty for homosexuality might be enacted in Afghanistan.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBTQ) people in Saudi Arabia face repression and discrimination. The government of Saudi Arabia provides no legal protections for LGBT rights. Both male and female same-sex sexual activity is illegal within the country.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBTQ) people in the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan face severe challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Afghan members of the LGBT community are forced to keep their gender identity and sexual orientation secret, in fear of violence and the death penalty. The religious nature of the country has limited any opportunity for public discussion, with any mention of homosexuality and related terms deemed taboo.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people in Jamaica face legal and social issues not experienced by heterosexual and gender-conforming people. Consensual sexual intercourse between same-sex partners is legally punishable by up to 10 years of imprisonment in the country.
Human rights in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) are substantially restricted. The UAE does not have democratically elected institutions and citizens do not have the right to change their government or form political parties. Activists and academics who criticize the government are detained and imprisoned, and their families are often harassed by the state security apparatus. There are reports of forced disappearances of foreign nationals and Emirati citizens, who have been abducted, detained and tortured in undisclosed locations, and denied the right to a speedy trial and access to counsel during investigations by the UAE government. Human Rights Watch states that Emirati laws maintain capital punishment and discriminate against women, migrants and LGBT individuals.
Joseph James DeAngelo Jr. is an American criminal who committed at least 13 murders, 51 rapes, and 120 burglaries across California between 1974 and 1986. He is responsible for three known separate crime sprees throughout the state, each of which spawned a different nickname in the press, before it became evident that they were committed by the same person.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people in the United Arab Emirates face discrimination and legal challenges. Homosexuality is illegal in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and under the federal criminal provisions, consensual same-sex sexual activity is punishable by imprisonment; extra-marital sexual activity between persons of different sexes is also illegal. In both cases, prosecution will only be brought if a husband or male guardian of one of the participants makes a criminal complaint. The penalty is a minimum of six months imprisonment; no maximum penalty is prescribed, and the court has full discretion to impose any sentence in accordance with the country's constitution.
Statistics on rape and other acts of sexual assault are commonly available in industrialized countries, and have become better documented throughout the world. Inconsistent definitions of rape, different rates of reporting, recording, prosecution and conviction for rape can create controversial statistical disparities, and lead to accusations that many rape statistics are unreliable or misleading.
Rape is a type of sexual assault involving sexual intercourse, or other forms of sexual penetration, carried out against a person without their consent. The act may be carried out by physical force, coercion, abuse of authority, or against a person who is incapable of giving valid consent, such as one who is unconscious, incapacitated, has an intellectual disability, or is below the legal age of consent. The term rape is sometimes casually inaccurately used interchangeably with the term sexual assault.
Human rights in Dubai are based on the Constitution and enacted law, which promise equitable treatment of all people, regardless of race, nationality or social status, per Article 25 of the Constitution of the United Arab Emirates. Despite this, Freedom House has stated: "Extreme forms of self-censorship are widely practiced, particularly regarding issues such as local politics, culture, religion, or any other subject the government deems politically or culturally sensitive. The Dubai Media Free Zone (DMFZ), an area in which foreign media outlets produce print and broadcast material intended for foreign audiences, is the only arena where the press operates with relative freedom."
Brianna Zunino Denison was a college student who was abducted on January 20, 2008, from a friend's house in Reno, Nevada. Her body was discovered on February 15, 2008, in a field near a Reno business park after being raped and murdered. A man named James Biela was convicted of the murder.
According to Human Rights Watch, there is substantial discrimination against women in the United Arab Emirates. The status of women has improved over the years. UAE performs better on metrics of gender equality than many other states in the Gulf region, and it has been making reforms to protect women's rights and empower women in different sectors. Critics describe some of these reforms as window dressing.
The labour force of the United Arab Emirates is primarily made up of foreign temporary workers, most of whom come from the Indian subcontinent and other parts of the Arab World and Asia. There is a sizeable number of Westerners, the majority of them being British and Americans.
Rehtaeh Anne Parsons, was a 17-year-old Cole Harbour District High School student who attempted suicide by hanging at her home in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada, on April 4, 2013, leading to a coma and the decision to switch her life support machine off on April 7, 2013. Her death has been attributed to online distribution of photos of an alleged gang rape that occurred 17 months prior to her suicide, in November 2011. On a Facebook page set up in tribute to her daughter, Parsons' mother blamed the four boys who allegedly raped and released images of her, the subsequent constant "bullying and messaging and harassment", and the failure of the Canadian justice system, for her daughter's decision to die by suicide.
CeCe Moore is a prominent American genetic genealogist. She has appeared on many TV shows and worked as a genetic genealogy researcher for others such as Finding Your Roots. She has reportedly helped law enforcement agencies in identifying suspects in over 300 cold cases using DNA and genetic genealogy. In May 2020, she began appearing in a prime time ABC television series called The Genetic Detective in which each episode recounts a cold case she helped solve. In addition to her television work, she is known for pioneering the genetic genealogy methodologies used by adoptees and others of unknown origin for identifying biological family.
Véronique Robert was a Franco-Swiss journalist and war correspondent, who died in a Paris hospital on 24 June 2017, at age 54, after being wounded in an explosion in Mosul, Iraq, five days earlier, on 19 June.
Reynhard Tambos Maruli Tua Sinaga is an Indonesian serial rapist who was convicted of 159 sex offences, including 136 rapes of young men, committed in Manchester, England, between 2015 and 2017, where he was living as a student. Sinaga was found guilty of drugging and sexually assaulting 48 men during this period, 44 of whom he raped, some repeatedly, although police believe he was offending for years beforehand. Sinaga was prosecuted in four trials between 2018 and 2020 and was given concurrent life sentences with a minimum term of 30 years; raised to 40 years in December 2020 by the Court of Appeal. The Crown Prosecution Service described Sinaga as being the most prolific rapist in British legal history.
Discrimination against transgender men and transmasculine individuals is sometimes referred to as transandrophobia, anti-transmasculinity, or transmisandry.