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Bhaktapur, known locally as Khwopa and historically called Bhatgaon, is a city in the east corner of the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal located about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) from the capital city, Kathmandu. Bhaktapur is the smallest city of Nepal as well the most densely populated. Along with Kathmandu and Lalitpur, Bhaktapur is one of the three main cities of the Kathmandu Valley and is a major Newar settlement of the country. The city is also known for its Newar tradition, cuisine and artisans. Bhaktapur suffered heavy damage in the April 2015 earthquake.
The Malla dynasty was the ruling dynasty of the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal from 1201 to 1779. They were a Raghuvanshi dynasty who were seen as the descendants of the Licchavi dynasty. Later Malla kings also traced one section of their lineage from Nanyadeva, the founder of the Karnat dynasty of Mithila. The term malla means wrestler in Sanskrit. The first use of the word malla in the Kathmandu Valley begins from 1201. The Malla period was a golden one that stretched over 600 years, as they presided over and flourished the Newar civilization of Nepal Mandala which developed as one of the most sophisticated urban civilisation in the Himalayan foothills and a key destination in the India-Tibet trade route.
Jaya Prakash Malla was the last king of Kantipur which corresponds to present-day Kathmandu. He ruled from 1736 to 1746 after succeeding his father Jagajjaya Malla, and then from 1750 until his death in 1769.
Raya Malla was a Malla Dynasty king and the first King of Bhadgaon after the division of Kathmandu Valley into Kantipur, Patan, and Bhadgaon. He reigned from 1482 until his death in 1505. He was the son of Jayayakshya Malla. His younger brother, Ratna Malla, ruled over Kantipur.
Jayayakshya Malla was the son of Jayajyotir Malla and the last Malla king of the united Kathmandu Valley from around 1428 until his death in 1482. The valley was divided among his sons after his death.
Siva Simha Malla, also known as Shiva Simha or Shivasimha, was a Malla ruler and the sixth king of Kantipur. He started his reign on 1578 after deposing his brother Sadashiva Malla.
Pratap Malla was a Malla king and the eighth King of Kantipur from 1641 until his death in 1674. He attempted to unify Kathmandu Valley by conquering Lalitpur and Bhaktapur, but failed in the effort. He was successful in extending and securing the borders of Kantipur and was responsible for the monopoly over trade with Tibet. The resulting prosperity was responsible for the construction of majority of the buildings around Durbar Square during his reign. His reign is seen as a cultural and economical high point of the Malla dynasty.
Surya Malla was a king of the Malla dynasty and the second king of Kantipur. He succeeded his father Ratna Malla and ruled from 1520 to 1530.
Amara Malla was a king of the Malla dynasty and the third king of Kantipur. He succeeded his father Surya Malla and ruled from 1530 to 1560.
The Kingdom of Lalitpur, also known as Patan, was a kingdom ruled by the Malla dynasty of Nepal. It was established in 1482 after King Yaksha Malla's death. His sons divided the kingdom into four parts: Bhaktapur, Kantipur, Lalitpur, and Banepa.
The Kingdom of Bhaktapur, also known as Bhadgaon, was a kingdom ruled by the Malla dynasty of Nepal from 15th century until its annexation in the 18th century. It was established in 1482 after King Yaksha Malla died and his sons divided the valley into four kingdoms: Bhaktapur, Kantipur, Patan, and Banepa. Banepa, however, was soon annexed by or submitted itself to Bhaktapur.
Mahendra Malla was a king of the Malla dynasty and the fourth king of Kantipur. He succeeded his father Amara Malla and ruled from 1560 to 1574.
Sadashiva Malla was a king of the Malla dynasty and the fifth king of Kantipur. He succeeded his father Mahendra Malla and ruled from 1574 to 1578.
Lakshmi Narasimha Malla was a Malla ruler and the seventh king of Kantipur. He was the youngest son of Harihara Simha and succeeded his grandfather Shivasimha Malla in 1619 as the King of Kantipur.
Nripendra Malla was a Malla ruler and the ninth king of Kantipur. He succeeded his father Pratap Malla in 1674 as the King of Kantipur.
Parthibendra Malla was a Malla ruler and the tenth king of Kantipur. He succeeded his brother Nripendra Malla after his death in 1680 as the King of Kantipur.
Bhupalendra Malla was a Malla ruler and the eleventh king of Kantipur. He succeeded his father Parthibendra Malla in 1687 as the King of Kantipur.
Bhaskara Malla was a Malla ruler and the twelfth king of Kantipur. He succeeded his father Bhupalendra Malla in 1700 as the King of Kantipur and also ruled Patan under the name Mahindrasimha Malla from 1717 until his death in 1722.
Siddhi Narasimha Malla, also known as Siddhinarasimha or Siddhi Narasingh, was a Malla dynasty king and the King of Patan. He was a religious king and ruled as the King of Patan from 1619 to 1661.
Yoga Narendra Malla, also known as Yoganarendra, was a Malla dynasty king and the King of Patan. He was the son of Srinivasa Malla and reigned on Patan from 1685 until his death in 1705.
References
- ↑ Hasrat, Bikrama Jit; Williams, Donovan (1971). History of Nepal: As Told by Its Own and Contemporary Chroniclers. Hoshiarpur, Punjab: V.V. Research Institute Book Agency. p. 56.
- ↑ "Hanuman Dhoka". Department of Archaeology. Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation, Department of Archaeology. 2011. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
- ↑ Siddika, Shamima (1993). Muslims of Nepal. Kathmandu: Gazala Siddika.
- ↑ Shrestha, Nagendra Prasad (2007). The Road to Democracy and Kingdom of God. Kathmandu: Shrijana Shrestha. p. 38. ISBN 9789994624621.
- 1 2 Shaha, Rishikesh. Ancient and Medieval Nepal (PDF). University of Cambridge. p. 51.
- ↑ Shrestha, D.B. The History of Ancient and Medieval Nepal (PDF). University of Cambridge. pp. 30–31.
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