Zheng Chenggong,Prince of Yanping,better known internationally as Koxinga,was a Southern Ming general who resisted the Qing conquest of China in the 17th century,fighting them on China's southeastern coast.
The Revolt of the Three Feudatories,also known as the Rebellion of Wu Sangui,was a rebellion lasting from 1673 to 1681 in early Qing dynasty of China,during the early reign of the Kangxi Emperor. The revolt was led by Wu Sangui,Shang Zhixin and Geng Jingzhong,the three Han Chinese lords of Yunnan,Guangdong and Fujian provinces whose hereditary titles were given for defecting and helping the Manchus conquer China,who rebelled after the Qing central government started removing their fiefdoms. The feudatories were supported by Zheng Jing's Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan,which sent forces to invade Mainland China. Additionally,minor Han military figures,such as Wang Fuchen and the Chahar Mongols,also revolted against Qing rule.
Zheng is a Chinese surname. It is the 7th name on the Hundred Family Surnames poem. In 2006,Zheng ranked 21st in China's list of top 100 most common surnames. Zheng belongs to the second major group of ten surnames which makes up more than 10% of the Chinese population. Zheng was a major surname of the rich and powerful during China's Tang dynasty.
The wodao is a Chinese sword from the Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty. It is typically long and slender,but heavy,with a curved back and sharp blade. It bears a strong resemblance to the Tang sword,zhanmadao,tachi or ōdachi in form. Extant examples show a handle approximately 25.5 cm (10.0 in) long,with a gently curved blade 80 cm (31 in) long.
Zheng Jing,Prince of Yanping,courtesy names Xianzhi and Yuanzhi,pseudonym Shitian,was initially a Southern Ming military general who later became the second ruler of the Tungning Kingdom of Taiwan by succeeding his father Koxinga's hereditary title of "Prince of Yanping",reigned as a dynastic monarch of the kingdom from 1662 to 1681.
The Kingdom of Tungning,also known as Tywan by the English at the time,was a dynastic maritime state that ruled part of southwestern Taiwan and the Penghu islands between 1661 and 1683. It is the first predominantly ethnic Han state in Taiwanese history. At its zenith,the kingdom's maritime power dominated varying extents of coastal regions of southeastern China and controlled the major sea lanes across both China Seas,and its vast trade network stretched from Japan to Southeast Asia.
Zheng Keshuang,Prince of Yanping,courtesy name Shihong,art name Huitang,was the third and last ruler of the Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan in the 17th century. He was the second son of Zheng Jing and a grandson of Koxinga. After surrendering to the Qing dynasty in 1683,he was ennobled as Duke of Hanjun (漢軍公),and lived the rest of his life in Beijing.
Nanquan refers to a classification of Chinese martial arts that originated in Southern China.
Zheng Zhilong,Marquis of Tong'an,baptismal name Nicholas Iquan Gaspard,was a Fujianese (Hokkien) admiral,pirate leader,merchant,translator,military general,and politician of the late Ming dynasty who later defected to the Manchu Qing. He was the founder of the Zheng Dynasty,the father of Koxinga,the founder of the pro-Ming Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan,and as such an ancestor of the House of Koxinga.
The Sino-Russian border conflicts (1652–1689) were a series of intermittent skirmishes between the Qing dynasty of China,with assistance from the Joseon dynasty of Korea,and the Tsardom of Russia by the Cossacks in which the latter tried and failed to gain the land north of the Amur River with disputes over the Amur region. The hostilities culminated in the Qing siege of the Cossack fort of Albazin in 1686 and resulted in the Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689 which gave the land to China.
The Muyejebo is the oldest extant Korean martial arts manual,compiled by Han Gyo (韓嶠) in 1598 during the reign of King Seonjo. With the addition of material from Japanese martial arts,a supplement,Sequel to the Book of Martial Arts (무예제보번역속집),compiled by Choi Ki-nam,was published in 1610.
The Jixiao Xinshu or New Treatise on Military Efficiency is a military manual written during the 1560s and 1580s by the Ming dynasty general Qi Jiguang. Its primary significance is in advocating for a combined arms approach to warfare using five types of infantry and two type of support. Qi Jiguang separated infantry into five separate categories:firearms,swordsmen,archers with fire arrows,ordinary archers,and spearmen. He split support crews into horse archers and artillery units. The Jixiao Xinshu is also one of the earliest-existing East Asian texts to address the relevance of Chinese martial arts with respect to military training and warfare. Several contemporary martial arts styles of Qi's era are mentioned in the book,including the staff method of the Shaolin temple.
Zhu Shugui,courtesy name Tianqiu (天球) and art name Yiyuanzi (一元子),the Prince of Ningjing (寧靖王),was a royal member of the Ming and the last of the pretenders to the throne of Southern Ming after the execution of the Yongli Emperor in 1662. He took shelter to the Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan after mainland China completely fell under the control of Manchu-led Qing dynasty. Despite his status as a royal member,he virtually shared no political power with the Zheng dynasts whom were the actual rulers of the kingdom. After the Qing forces successfully annexed Taiwan in 1683,he committed suicide. Nowadays there is a temple dedicated to the prince in Lujhu Township. Inside the temple is written Zhu's death poem.
The Southern Ming,also known in historiography as the Later Ming,officially the Great Ming,was an imperial dynasty of China and a series of rump states of the Ming dynasty that came into existence following the Jiashen Incident of 1644. Peasant rebels led by Li Zicheng who founded the short-lived Shun dynasty captured Beijing and the Chongzhen Emperor committed suicide. The Ming general Wu Sangui then opened the gates of the Shanhai Pass in the eastern section of the Great Wall to the Qing banners,in hope of using them to annihilate the Shun forces. Ming loyalists fled to Nanjing,where they enthroned Zhu Yousong as the Hongguang Emperor,marking the start of the Southern Ming. The Nanjing regime lasted until 1645,when Qing forces captured Nanjing. Zhu fled before the city fell,but was captured and executed shortly thereafter. Later figures continued to hold court in various southern Chinese cities,although the Qing considered them to be pretenders.
A lang xian,which can be translated as "wolf brush" or "wolf bamboo" or "multiple tipped bamboo spear" was a branched,multi-tipped spear with blades attached to the branches. The blades could be dipped in poison. The lang xian was a weapon well suited for defense,as it would be difficult for an opponent to assault the wielder without risking contact with the blades.
Feng Xifan was a Chinese official who initially served in the Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan before he surrendered to the Qing dynasty.
The Sino-Dutch War 1661,also known as Hero Zheng Chenggong,is a 2001 Chinese historical drama film directed by Wu Ziniu,starring Vincent Zhao,Jiang Qinqin,Du Zhiguo,Yoko Shimada,Xu Min and Zhang Shan. The film is loosely based on the life of Koxinga and focuses on his battle with the Dutch East India Company for control of Taiwan at the Siege of Fort Zeelandia. The film was released in 2002 in Japan under the title Kokusenya Kassen.
The transition from Ming to Qing or the Manchu conquest of China from 1618 to 1683 saw the transition between two major dynasties in Chinese history. It was a decades-long conflict between the emerging Qing dynasty,the incumbent Ming dynasty,and several smaller factions. It ended with the consolidation of Qing rule,and the fall of the Ming and several other factions.
Events from the year 1662 in China.
Liu Guoxuan (1628–1693) was the Wuping Marquis and a 17th-century military officer of the Kingdom of Tungning based in Taiwan. He fought all over the island of Taiwan and the nearby mainland. He also commanded the Penghu defense during the Battle of Penghu.
