Reactive carbonyl species

3-Deoxyglucosone, a common RCS, rapidly reacts with protein amino groups to form AGEs.

Reactive carbonyl species (RCS) are molecules with highly reactive carbonyl groups, and often known for their damaging effects on proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. They are often generated as metabolic products. Important RCSs include 3-deoxyglucosone, glyoxal, and methylglyoxal. RCSs react with amines and thiol groups leading to advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). AGE's are indicators of diabetes. ^[1]

Reactive aldehyde species (RASP), ^[2] such as malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal, are a subset of RCS that are implicated in a variety of human diseases. ^[3]

See also

• Reactive oxygen species
• Reactive sulfur species
• Reactive nitrogen species

References

1. Bellier, Justine; Nokin, Marie-Julie; Lardé, Eva; Karoyan, Philippe; Peulen, Olivier; Castronovo, Vincent; Bellahcène, Akeila (2019). "Methylglyoxal, a Potent Inducer of AGEs, Connects Between Diabetes and Cancer". Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 148: 200–211. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2019.01.002. PMID   30664892. S2CID   58631777.
2. Mandell, Kenneth J.; Clark, David; Chu, David S.; Foster, C. Stephen; Sheppard, John; Brady, Todd C. (2020). "Randomized Phase 2 Trial of Reproxalap, a Novel Reactive Aldehyde Species Inhibitor, in Patients with Noninfectious Anterior Uveitis: Model for Corticosteroid Replacement". Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 36 (10): 732–739. doi: 10.1089/jop.2020.0056 . ISSN   1557-7732. PMC   7757619 . PMID   32955967.
3. Ayala, Antonio; Muñoz, Mario F.; Argüelles, Sandro (2014). "Lipid peroxidation: production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal". Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2014 360438. doi: 10.1155/2014/360438 . ISSN   1942-0994. PMC   4066722 . PMID   24999379.