Red Cross Garden is a small park in Southwark, London. It is located on Redcross Way, and named after the street, although the name of the garden is spelt with two words while the street is spelt with one. It is in the London Borough of Southwark. The garden and the associated cottages designed by Elijah Hoole form an early example of one of Octavia Hill’s social housing schemes.
The social reformer Octavia Hill is best known for being a co-founder of the National Trust but was also an active campaigner for the provision of social housing, attendant community facilities and the availability of public open space. Red Cross Garden was her pioneer social housing scheme, built on the site of a former paper factory and hop warehouse. [1] The garden itself was the first part of the development to be undertaken. It was funded by Julia, Countess of Ducie, and the Kyrle Society, and was laid out in 1887 by Emmeline Sieveking assisted by Fanny Wilkinson, the landscape gardener of the Metropolitan Public Gardens Association. [2] It formally opened in 1888. [3] The original layout consisted of curved lawns, flower beds and serpentine paths, with an ornamental pond and fountain, a bandstand, and a children’s play area. There were two plane trees. [4]
The adjacent buildings were all designed by Elijah Hoole. [5] First to be built, in 1888, were the Tudor revival row of houses facing the garden, known as Redcross Cottages. [6] Whitecross Cottages were built in an Arts and Crafts style in 1890 behind Redcross Cottages on Ayres Street. [7] Adjacent to Redcross Cottages is the community hall, originally called Red Cross Hall, and now called Bishop's Hall, and in private ownership. [8] In 1889 Hill and Hoole commissioned Walter Crane to decorate the interior with ten deeds of heroism in the daily life of ordinary people, of which three were executed and survive. [9]
Two mosaics were donated by the Myatt's Fields philanthropist Julia Minet and installed by Hill in 1896. [10] The mosaics were The Sower, by the glass-makers James Powell and Sons after a design by Louisa, Marchioness of Waterford, and The Good Shepherd, by Antonio Salviati. [11] The Good Shepherd has since been lost, but The Sower survives, having been restored first in 1956 and again in 2005. [12] It is now mounted on a modern building, Octavia House, which is built on the former children's play area. [13]
Each of the two rows of cottages is Grade II listed, [14] [15] as is the hall, [16] and the mosaic on Octavia House (but not the building itself). [17]
In 1928 the garden was still described as attractively laid out [18] but all was lost during WWII, and in 1948 Sir Sydney Cockerell described a desolate flat space, newly asphalted. [19] Some minor planting occurred, but until 2005 it was largely an area of grass with tarmac. [20]
The garden was restored to its original Victorian layout in 2005 by the Bankside Open Spaces Trust and formally reopened by the Princess Royal in 2006. [21] A modern mosaic was also installed in 2005. [22] In 2007 a London Borough of Southwark blue plaque to Hill was installed on the hall. [23] In 2016 it was described by The Daily Telegraph as one of London’s best secret gardens. [24]
The garden is available for hire for weddings. [25]
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The London Borough of Southwark in south London forms part of Inner London and is connected by bridges across the River Thames to the City of London and London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It was created in 1965 when three smaller council areas amalgamated under the London Government Act 1963. All districts of the area are within the London postal district. It is governed by Southwark London Borough Council.
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Octavia Hill was an English social reformer, whose main concern was the welfare of the inhabitants of cities, especially London, in the second half of the nineteenth century. Born into a family with a strong commitment to alleviating poverty, she herself grew up in straitened circumstances owing to the financial failure of her father's businesses. With no formal schooling, she worked from the age of 14 for the welfare of working people.
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Elijah Hoole was an English architect of Methodist churches, settlement halls and social housing. In relation to the social housing, he worked closely with the social reformer Octavia Hill for over 40 years.