Renato Talamini | |
|---|---|
 Renato Talamini | |
| Born | 19 November 1948 |
| Nationality | Italian |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Epidemiology |
Renato Talamini (born 19 November 1948) is an Italian Epidemiologist. He is known for his research on cancer etiology, to which he contributed by helping to define the role of tobacco, diet, viral infections, and other lifestyle factors in cancer development.
Renato Talamini was born in Vittorio Veneto, Italy, into a locally well-known family of bakers. He studied biology at the University of Padua, where he graduated in 1976. In 1977, he joined the Oncology Division of the General Hospital in Pordenone (Italy), where he started working on breast cancer clinical trials. [1] In those years, he was introduced to cancer etiology, starting his first investigation of breast and prostate cancer risk factors. [2] [3]
From 1983 to 1984, he attended the Mario Negri Institute in Milan as a visiting scientist. [4] Here he met Drs Silvia Franceschi and Carlo La Vecchia with whom he laid the foundations of a long-lasting scientific collaboration and friendship.
In 1984, he moved to the National Cancer Institute Centro di Riferimento Oncologico in Aviano (Italy) – officially established the same year – to set up the Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics.
In 1988, he earned his post graduate Degree in Epidemiology and Medical statistics at the University of Pavia, (Italy). Between 1998 and 2011 he directed the subunit of Clinical Epidemiology of the Centro di Riferimento Oncologico.
Since the beginning of his scientific activity, Renato Talamini has been involved in the conduction of epidemiological studies to elucidate cancer etiology, with a focus on lifestyle factors. [5] [6] [7]
Besides being well known for his studies on the role tobacco smoking and alcohol abuse in cancer risk, Renato Talamini also devoted a relevant part of his scientific activity to dietary habits [8] [9] [10] and to the study of the role of Hepatitis B and C viruses in the etiology of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and liver cancer. [11] [12] [13] [14] [15]
He is appreciated for his pragmatic approach to scientific investigation. During his working years he has collaborated to several international studies, including ARCAGE studies coordinated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. [16] [17] [18] [19]
His academic activities include collaborations as appointed Lecturer and Teacher with several Italian Universities among which the Universities of Catania, Udine, and Padua. Renato Talamini is also an appreciated divulger of science; he has been active in educational programs for the youth (in schools) and for the general population.
Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is a cancer that develops from the lining of the stomach. Most cases of stomach cancers are gastric carcinomas, which can be divided into a number of subtypes, including gastric adenocarcinomas. Lymphomas and mesenchymal tumors may also develop in the stomach. Early symptoms may include heartburn, upper abdominal pain, nausea, and loss of appetite. Later signs and symptoms may include weight loss, yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, vomiting, difficulty swallowing, and blood in the stool, among others. The cancer may spread from the stomach to other parts of the body, particularly the liver, lungs, bones, lining of the abdomen, and lymph nodes.
The health effects of long-term alcohol consumption on health vary depending on the amount of ethanol consumed. Even light drinking poses health risks, but small amounts of alcohol may also have health benefits. Chronic heavy drinking causes severe health consequences which outweigh any potential benefits.
Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus and cervix. Supracervical hysterectomy refers to removal of the uterus while the cervix is spared. These procedures may also involve removal of the ovaries (oophorectomy), fallopian tubes (salpingectomy), and other surrounding structures. The term “partial” or “total” hysterectomy are lay-terms that incorrectly describe the addition or omission of oophorectomy at the time of hysterectomy. These procedures are usually performed by a gynecologist. Removal of the uterus renders the patient unable to bear children and has surgical risks as well as long-term effects, so the surgery is normally recommended only when other treatment options are not available or have failed. It is the second most commonly performed gynecological surgical procedure, after cesarean section, in the United States. Nearly 68 percent were performed for conditions such as endometriosis, irregular bleeding, and uterine fibroids. It is expected that the frequency of hysterectomies for non-malignant indications will continue to fall given the development of alternative treatment options.
Oral cancer, also known as mouth cancer, is a cancer of the lining of the lips, mouth, or upper throat. In the mouth, it most commonly starts as a painless white patch, that thickens, develops red patches, an ulcer, and continues to grow. When on the lips, it commonly looks like a persistent crusting ulcer that does not heal, and slowly grows. Other symptoms may include difficult or painful swallowing, new lumps or bumps in the neck, a swelling in the mouth, or a feeling of numbness in the mouth or lips.
Passive smoking is the inhalation of tobacco smoke, called passive smoke, secondhand smoke (SHS) or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), by individuals other than the active smoker. It occurs when tobacco smoke diffuses into the surrounding atmosphere as an aerosol pollutant, which leads to its inhalation by nearby bystanders within the same environment. Exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke causes many of the same diseases caused by active tobacco smoking, although to a lower prevalence due to the reduced concentration of smoke that enters the airway. The health risks of secondhand smoke are a matter of scientific consensus, and have been a major motivation for smoking bans in workplaces and indoor venues, including restaurants, bars and night clubs, as well as some open public spaces.
Head and neck cancer develops from tissues in the lip and oral cavity (mouth), larynx (throat), salivary glands, nose, sinuses, or skin of the face. The most common types of head and neck cancer occur in the lips, mouth, and larynx. Symptoms predominantly include a sore that does not heal or a change in the voice. In those with advanced disease, there may be unusual bleeding, facial pain, numbness or swelling, and visible lumps on the outside of the neck or oral cavity. Given the location of these cancers, it is possible for an afflicted individual to experience difficulty in breathing.
A papilloma is a benign epithelial tumor growing exophytically in nipple-like and often finger-like fronds. In this context, papilla refers to the projection created by the tumor, not a tumor on an already existing papilla.
Alcohol causes cancers of the oesophagus, liver, breast, colon, oral cavity, rectum, pharynx, and larynx, and probably causes cancers of the pancreas. Consumption of alcohol in any quantity can cause cancer. The more alcohol is consumed, the higher the cancer risk, and no amount can be considered safe. Alcoholic beverages were classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 1988.
The health effects of wine are mainly determined by its active ingredient – alcohol. Preliminary studies found that drinking small quantities of wine, particularly of red wine, may be associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular diseases, cognitive decline, stroke, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and early death. Other studies found no such effects.
Roxana Moslehi is an Iranian-born genetic epidemiologist.
Lysine-specific demethylase 5B also known as histone demethylase JARID1B is a demethylase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the KDM5B gene. JARID1B belongs to the alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylase superfamily.
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), also known as menopausal hormone therapy or postmenopausal hormone therapy, is a form of hormone therapy used to treat symptoms associated with female menopause. Effects of menopause can include symptoms such as hot flashes, accelerated skin aging, vaginal dryness, decreased muscle mass, and complications such as osteoporosis, sexual dysfunction, and vaginal atrophy. They are mostly caused by low levels of female sex hormones that occur during menopause.
Creatine kinase U-type, mitochondrial, also called ubiquitous mitochondrial creatine kinase (uMtCK), is in humans encoded by CKMT1A gene. CKMT1A catalyzes the reversible transfer of the γ-phosphate group of ATP to the guanidino group of Cr to yield ADP and PCr. The impairment of CKMT1A has been reported in ischaemia, cardiomyopathy, and neurodegenerative disorders. Overexpression of CKMT1A has been reported related with several tumors.
The relationship between alcohol and breast cancer is clear: drinking alcoholic beverages, including wine, beer, or liquor, is a risk factor for breast cancer, as well as some other forms of cancer. Drinking alcohol causes more than 100,000 cases of breast cancer worldwide every year. Globally, almost one in 10 cases of breast cancer is caused by women drinking alcoholic beverages. Drinking alcoholic beverages is among the most common modifiable risk factors.
In molecular biology mir-345 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms.
Christos Socrates Mantzoros is a Greek American physician-scientist, practicing internist-endocrinologist, teacher and researcher. He is a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School and an adjunct professor at Boston University School of Medicine. He currently serves as the chief of endocrinology, diabetes and metabolism at the VA Boston Healthcare System, where he created de novo a leading academic division true to its tripartite mission and as the founding director of human nutrition at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Harvard Medical School. Finally, he holds the editor-in-chief position of the journal Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental.
Pepsinogen 3, group I is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PGA3 gene.
Deleted in lung and esophageal cancer 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DLEC1 gene.
Phospholysine phosphohistidine inorganic pyrophosphate phosphatase is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LHPP gene.
The LL-100 panel is a group of 100 human leukemia and lymphoma cell line, can be used in model of biomedical research.