Resm-i arusane

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The resm-i arus, [1] or resm-i arusane, was a feudal bride-tax in the Ottoman Empire. It was typically a fixed fee, a divani tax; it was paid around the time of marriage, to the timar-holder, or even to a tax-farmer in their stead. The tax-collector might record details of individual marriages, although this was not equivalent to the church marriage-registers in contemporary western Europe [2] and some of the tax records are unclear. [3]

Resm-i arusane is first recorded in the fifteenth century AD. [4] Although it was arguably incompatible with the shari'ah law, the resm-i arusane continued to be a small, but significant, source of tax revenue in the Ottoman Empire. For instance, tax records for the village of Sakal Dutan in 1550 show a total 810 akçes of tax revenue, of which 30 akçe were from resm-i arusane. [5] One 16th-century fatwa specifically stated that the resm-i arusane and the resm-i hinzir (pig tax) were illegal, but these taxes on "forbidden" transactions continued - sometimes under the guise of "gifts". [6]

Various sources suggest that the fee was paid either by the bride or the husband; rates might vary according to the bride's personal status and religion. One preserved document sets resm-i arusane at double the rate for virgins compared to widows; and Muslim rates paid twice as much as unbelievers. [7] The kannunname of Rhodos and Cos, in 1650, set resm-i arusane at 30 aspers for widows (regardless of their religion), and 60 aspers for virgins.

A Christian couple who wished to marry in a church would also have to pay nikâh resmi to the metropolitan, and a further fee to the local parish priest; this could be considerably more expensive than the resm-i arusane itself. There would also be a charge for registering the marriage with the government. [8]

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References

  1. ↑ ACCOUNTING METHOD USED BY OTTOMANS FOR 500 YEARS: STAIRS (MERDIBAN) METHOD (PDF). Turkish Republic Ministry of Finance Strategy Development Unit. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-02-01.
  2. ↑ Stewart, Johansen, Singer (1996). Law and society in Islam. Markus Wiener Publishers. p. 116.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ↑ Jews in the realm of the Sultans: Ottoman Jewish society in the seventeenth century. Mohr Siebeck. 2008. p. 156. ISBN   978-3-16-149523-6.
  4. ↑ Stewart, Johansen, Singer (1996). Law and society in Islam. Markus Wiener Publishers. p. 130.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ↑ Jennings, Ronald (January 1978). "Sakaltutan Four Centuries Ago". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 9 (1): 89–98. doi:10.1017/s0020743800051710. JSTOR   162627. S2CID   162941935.
  6. ↑ Princeton Papers: Interdisciplinary Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. Markus Wiener Publishers. 13–14: 130. 2005. ISSN   1084-5666.{{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  7. ↑ Shmuelevitz, Aryeh (1984). The Jews of the Ottoman Empire in the late fifteenth and the sixteenth centuries. Brill. p. 107. ISBN   978-90-04-07071-4.
  8. ↑ Women in the Ottoman Balkans: gender, culture and history. I.B. Tauris. 2007. p. 248. ISBN   978-1-84511-505-0.
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