Rettbergsaue

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Rettbergsaue
SchiersteinerBruecke-RWZ.jpg
The Schierstein Bridge with the Rettbergsaue
Geography
Location Rhine River
Coordinates 50°2′4″N8°13′16″E / 50.03444°N 8.22111°E / 50.03444; 8.22111 Coordinates: 50°2′4″N8°13′16″E / 50.03444°N 8.22111°E / 50.03444; 8.22111
Area68 ha (170 acres)
Length3,100 m (10,200 ft)
Width400 m (1,300 ft)
Administration
Land Hesse
City Wiesbaden
Borough Biebrich and Schierstein

The Rettbergsaue (translated from German as “Rettberg Island”) is a natural island in the Rhine River at Wiesbaden, Germany. It is situated between the main channel of the Rhine to the north and a smaller channel, the Wachsbleicharm, in the south. The Wachsbleicharm forms the border between the federal states of Hesse (of which Wiesbaden is the capital) and Rhineland-Palatinate.

Wiesbaden Place in Hesse, Germany

Wiesbaden is a city in central western Germany and the capital of the federal state of Hesse. As of January 2018, it had 289,544 inhabitants, plus approximately 19,000 United States citizens. The Wiesbaden urban area is home to approx. 560,000 people.

Germany Federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe

Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central and Western Europe, lying between the Baltic and North Seas to the north, and the Alps, Lake Constance and the High Rhine to the south. It borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, France to the southwest, and Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands to the west.

Hesse State in Germany

Hesse or Hessia, officially the State of Hesse, is a federal state (Land) of the Federal Republic of Germany, with just over six million inhabitants. The state capital is Wiesbaden; the largest city is Frankfurt am Main.

Contents

The island is about 3,100 meters (10,200 ft) long and up to 400 m (1,300 ft) wide. Covering about 68 hectares (170 acres), it is one of the largest islands on the Rhine in which the river flows unhindered on both sides. [1] The island is for the most part covered with trees and has a rich bird and plant life. Approximately 90% of the island is protected, with the remainder used for recreational and agricultural purposes. [2]

Bundesautobahn 643 crosses the Rhine via the Rettbergsaue on the Schierstein Bridge. Although there is a sidewalk on both sides of the road on the bridge, only the sidewalk on the east side has stairs to access the island.

Bundesautobahn 643 federal motorway in Germany

Bundesautobahn 643 is a 8.4-kilometer (5.2 mi) short autobahn in Germany. The motorway crosses the Rhine River, connecting the cities of Wiesbaden and Mainz, the capital cities of the German states of Hesse and Rhineland-Palatinate, respectively. It is one of two autobahns in Germany that connect two neighboring state capitals in only one exit.

Schierstein Bridge

The Schierstein Bridge is 1,282-meter (4,206 ft) long, four-lane highway bridge in Germany. It carries Bundesautobahn 643 over the Rhine River between Mainz-Mombach, Rhineland-Palatinate and Wiesbaden-Schierstein, Hesse. Crossing two arms of the Rhine and the intervening island of Rettbergsaue, the bridge is made of six individual structures, including 100 m (330 ft) from prestressed concrete. It was built between 1959 and 1962.

The majority of the island, lying opposite Biebrich Castle, is within the borough of Wiesbaden-Biebrich. The part west of the Schierstein Bridge is part of Wiesbaden-Schierstein.

History

The Rettbergsaue was originally two islands, created through deposition of coarse sediments and flood silts. The eastern island was the Biebricher Wörth and the western island the Schiersteiner Wörth. The two islands grew together after port construction along this section of the Rhine in the mid-19th century. Evidence of human settlement dates to the Middle Ages, and probably to Roman times, based on structural remnants found at two sites at the highest elevations of the island. [3]

The western part, which had been named Karthäuser Island in the Late Middle Ages, acquired the name of Rettbergsaue in 1832 from the Baron (German Freiherr ) Carl von Rettberg. The lieutenant and adjutant of the Duke of Nassau purchased the island from the Nassau government for approximately 1,125 guilders and operated a cattle and horse breeding business there. For financial reasons, he returned possession of the island to Nassau only a few years later for 50,000 guilders. [1] [2]

Late Middle Ages Period of European history between 1250 and 1500 CE

The Late Middle Ages or Late Medieval Period was the period of European history lasting from 1250 to 1500 AD. The Late Middle Ages followed the High Middle Ages and preceded the onset of the early modern period.

<i><i lang="de" title="German language text">Freiherr</i></i> title of nobility in the Holy Roman Empire

Freiherr, Freifrau and Freiin are designations used as titles of nobility in the German-speaking areas of the Holy Roman Empire, and in its various successor states, including Austria, Prussia, Bavaria, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, etc. Traditionally it denotes the titled rank within the nobility above Ritter (knight) and Edler and below Graf and Herzog (duke). The title superseded the earlier medieval form, Edelherr.

Recreational areas

In 1914, Schierstein Beach was established on the western end, close to two old channels of the Rhine. Biebrich Beach was established on the northern shore in 1921. Because of heavy pollution of the Rhine, both beaches were closed in 1962.

Today, the former Schierstein and Biebrich Beaches serve as recreation areas, with large playgrounds, barbecue area, several table-tennis tables, playing areas for badminton and basketball, soccer fields with goalposts, and other attractions. The Schierstein recreation area has the Island Café (Insel-Café), while Biebrich also offers areas for floor chess and volleyball and an open-air bowling alley. The island is popular with camping enthusiasts and the white-sand beaches are once again occasionally used for swimming. Because the island is free of traffic and dogs are banned, Rettbergsaue is an especially popular recreation area for families with children. [1] [2]

The two recreation grounds are accessible from the staircase of the Schiersteiner Bridge. In the summer, the island is also served by the passenger ferry Tamara, which operates between the beaches and the Schierstein Port and a river landing in Wiesbaden-Biebrich. [4] The rest of the island is inaccessible to visitors.

Rettbergsaue Nature Reserve

The Rettbergsaue Nature Reserve covers about 90 percent of the island. It has high importance as a wooded barrier between the two cities, acting as a climatic compensation area and emission filter in the metropolitan area.

The island lies within the course of the Rhine and contains a variety of biotopes includiung softwood and hardwood forest; brush border, island meadow, foredune, shore, floodlawn, and accretionary habitats. The native species are threatened by invasive species (like the horse chestnut and tree of heaven), hybrid poplars, over-grazing, damage from canoeists, the spread of the Alexandrine parakeet (from Biebrich Castle), and elm disease. Factories outside the island also have an effect on the vegetation.

The goals of the nature reserve are the preservation and development of the existing island forests, replacement of poplar plantations with native species, and promoting the growth of disease-resistant elms.

Biotope complexes (habitat classes)

Habitat types according to the European Union Habitats Directive

Species of birds observed

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References

  1. 1 2 3 Rettbergsaue, Sightseeing in Biebrich. Retrieved on 2009-01-08.
  2. 1 2 3 Recreation on Rettbergsaue, City of Wiesbaden official website. Retrieved on 2009-01-08.
  3. 1 2 Rettbergsaue Nature Reserve, Deutscher Ruderverband e.V. Retrieved on 2008-01-08.
  4. Passenger Ferry Tamara. Retrieved on 2009-01-08.

Sources