Fraxinus angustifolia

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Fraxinus angustifolia
Fraxinus angustifolia foliage.jpg
Foliage of subsp. oxycarpa
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Oleaceae
Genus: Fraxinus
Section: Fraxinus sect. Fraxinus
Species:
F. angustifolia
Binomial name
Fraxinus angustifolia
Fraxinus angustifolia range.svg
Distribution map
Synonyms
Fraxinus angustifolia - MHNT Fraxinus angustifolia MHNT.BOT.2007.40.13.jpg
Fraxinus angustifoliaMHNT

Fraxinus angustifolia, the narrow-leaved ash, is a species of Fraxinus native to Central Europe and Southern Europe, Northwest Africa, and Southwest Asia. [1] [2]

Contents

Description

It is a medium-sized deciduous tree growing to 20–30 m tall with a trunk up to 1.5 m diameter. The bark is smooth and pale grey on young trees, becoming square-cracked and knobbly on old trees. The buds are pale brown, which readily distinguishes it from the related Fraxinus excelsior (black buds) even in winter. The leaves are in opposite pairs or whorls of three, pinnate, 15–25 cm long, with 3–13 leaflets; the leaflets being distinctively slender, 3–8 cm long and 1–1.5 cm broad. The flowers are produced in inflorescences which can be male, hermaphrodite or mixed male and hermaphrodite. The male and hermaphrodite flowers occur on all individuals, i.e. all trees are functionally hermaphrodite. Flowering occurs in early spring. The fruit when fully formed is a samara 3–4 cm long, the seed 1.5–2 cm long with a pale brown wing 1.5–2 cm long. [2] [3] [4] [5]

Fraxinus angustifolia inflorescence Fraxinus angustifolia Inflorescencia 2012-1-29 SierraMadrona.jpg
Fraxinus angustifolia inflorescence

Variation

There are four subspecies, treated as distinct species by some authors: [1] [2]

Cultivars

of Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. angustifolia

of Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa

Uses

In Sicily, it is cultivated as a source of a plant sap product called manna (see Fraxinus ornus ). [6]

Weed potential

Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. angustifolia has become a weed in many parts of Australia, where it is known as Desert Ash. It has been widely planted as a street and park tree, and has spread to native bushland and grasslands, as well as stream banks and drainage lines, out-competing native plants for moisture, light and nutrients. [7] [8]

It has been declared an invasive species in South Africa. [9]

Related Research Articles

<i>Fraxinus</i> Genus of plants

Fraxinus, commonly called ash, is a genus of plants in the olive and lilac family, Oleaceae, and comprises 45–65 species of usually medium-to-large trees, most of which are deciduous trees, although some subtropical species are evergreen trees. The genus is widespread throughout much of Europe, Asia, and North America.

<i>Fraxinus excelsior</i> Species of deciduous tree in the family Oleaceae

Fraxinus excelsior, known as the ash, or European ash or common ash to distinguish it from other types of ash, is a flowering plant species in the olive family Oleaceae. It is native throughout mainland Europe east to the Caucasus and Alborz mountains, and Great Britain and Ireland, the latter determining its western boundary. The northernmost location is in the Trondheimsfjord region of Norway. The species is widely cultivated and reportedly naturalised in New Zealand and in scattered locales in the United States and Canada.

<i>Ptelea trifoliata</i> Species of tree

Ptelea trifoliata, commonly known as common hoptree, wafer ash, stinking ash, and skunk bush, is a species of flowering plant in the citrus family (Rutaceae). It is native to North America, where it is found in Canada, Mexico, and the United States. It is a deciduous shrub or tree, with alternate, trifoliate leaves.

<i>Sorbus aucuparia</i> Species of flowering plant in the rose family Rosaceae

Sorbus aucuparia, commonly called rowan and mountain-ash, is a species of deciduous tree or shrub in the rose family. It is a highly variable species, and botanists have used different definitions of the species to include or exclude trees native to certain areas. A recent definition includes trees native to most of Europe and parts of Asia, as well as northern Africa. The range extends from Madeira, the British Isles and Iceland to Russia and northern China. Unlike many plants with similar distributions, it is not native to Japan.

<i>Acer negundo</i> Species of tree commonly known as boxelder maple

Acer negundo, the box elder, boxelder maple, Manitoba maple or ash-leaved maple, is a species of maple native to North America. It is a fast-growing, short-lived tree with opposite, compound leaves. It is sometimes considered a weedy or invasive species, and has been introduced to and naturalized throughout much of the world, including in South America, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, much of Europe, and parts of Asia.

<i>Lapsana communis</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae

Lapsana communis, the common nipplewort, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to Europe and southwestern Asia. and widely naturalized in other regions including North America.

<i>Fraxinus latifolia</i> Species of ash

Fraxinus latifolia, the Oregon ash, is a member of the ash genus Fraxinus, native to western North America.

<i>Eucalyptus viminalis</i> Species of plant

Eucalyptus viminalis, commonly known as the manna gum, white gum or ribbon gum, is a species of small to very tall tree that is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It has smooth bark, sometimes with rough bark near the base, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three or seven, white flowers and cup-shaped or hemispherical fruit.

<i>Fraxinus nigra</i> Species of ash

Fraxinus nigra, the black ash, is a species of ash native to much of eastern Canada and the northeastern United States, from western Newfoundland west to southeastern Manitoba, and south to Illinois and northern Virginia. Formerly abundant, as of 2014 the species is threatened with near total extirpation throughout its range, as a result of infestation by a parasitic insect known as the emerald ash borer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Claret ash</span>

Fraxinus oxycarpa 'Raywood' known as the claret ash or Raywood ash is a cultivar of ash tree, a seedling variant of the Caucasian ash.

<i>Fraxinus ornus</i> Species of ash

Fraxinus ornus, the manna ash or South European flowering ash, is a species of Fraxinus native to Southern Europe and Southwestern Asia, from Spain and Italy north to Austria and the Czech Republic, and east through the Balkans, Turkey, and western Syria to Lebanon and Armenia.

<i>Hakea salicifolia</i> Species of plant in the family Proteaceae endemic to eastern Australia

Hakea salicifolia commonly known as the willow-leaved hakea, is species of flowering plant that is endemic to eastern Australia. It is an adaptable, fast growing small tree or shrub with attractive foliage and cream white flowers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Altyaghach National Park</span> Historic site in Xızı Rayon , Siyəzən Rayon

Altyaghach National Park — is a national park of Azerbaijan. It was established on an area of 11,035 hectares (110.35 km2) in the Khizi Rayon and Siazan Rayon administrative districts on August 31, 2004. It is about 120 km away from the capital Baku.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Göygöl National Park</span> Historic site in Goygol Rayon

Göygöl National Park — is a national park of Azerbaijan. It was established in an area in Goygol Rayon administrative district on April 1, 2008 on the basis of the former "Goy Gol State Reserve" that was established in 1925 and which it superseded, on a surface area of 12,755 hectares (127.55 km2). It was enlarged from 6,739 hectares (67.39 km2) of the former state reserve to its current surface area as a national park.

<i>Fraxinus mandschurica</i> Species of ash

Fraxinus mandshurica, the Manchurian ash, is a species of Fraxinus native to northeastern Asia in northern China, Korea, Japan and southeastern Russia.

<i>Fraxinus lanuginosa</i> Species of ash

Fraxinus lanuginosa is a species of ash native to Japan and to the Primorye region of eastern Russia.

<i>Prays fraxinella</i> Species of moth

Prays fraxinella, also known as the ash bud moth, is a moth of the family Plutellidae found in Europe. The larvae are leaf miners, feeding on the leaves and buds of ash trees.

<i>Aceria fraxinivora</i> Species of mite

Aceria fraxinivora, also known as the cauliflower gall mite and the ash key gall, causes the growths, known as galls, found on the hanging seeds or "keys" of the ash (Fraxinus) species.

<i>Dasineura fraxini</i> Species of fly

Dasineura fraxini is a gall midge which forms galls on the leaves and petioles of ash. It was first described by Johann Jacob Bremi-Wolf in 1847.

Dasineura acrophila is a gall midge which forms galls on the leaves of ash. It was first described by Johannes Winnertz in 1853 and is found in Europe.

References

  1. 1 2 Flora Europaea: Fraxinus angustifolia
  2. 1 2 3 Rushforth, K. (1999). Trees of Britain and Europe. Collins ISBN   0-00-220013-9.
  3. Mitchell, A. F. (1974). A Field Guide to the Trees of Britain and Northern Europe. Collins ISBN   0-00-212035-6
  4. Mitchell, A. F. (1982). The Trees of Britain and Northern Europe. Collins ISBN   0-00-219037-0
  5. Bean, W. J. (1978). Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles 8th ed., vol. 2. John Murray ISBN   0-7195-2256-0.
  6. Production of manna in Sicily (visited December 21, 2009)
  7. 1 2 "Desert ash". Weeds Australia. Archived from the original on 2006-08-30. Retrieved 2008-06-11.
  8. "Desert Ash" (PDF). Shire of Yarra Ranges. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-04-06. Retrieved 2015-01-17.
  9. "Algerian ash – Invasive Species South Africa".