Zalmay Mamozy Khalilzad is an American diplomat and foreign policy expert. Khalilzad was U.S. special representative for Afghanistan reconciliation from September 2018 to October 2021. Khailzad was appointed by President George W. Bush to serve as United States ambassador to the United Nations,serving in the role from 2007 to 2009. Khalilzad was the highest ranking Muslim-American in government at the time he left the position. Prior to this,Khalilzad served in the Bush administration as ambassador to Afghanistan from 2004 to 2005 and Ambassador to Iraq from 2005 to 2007.
Erzurum is a city in eastern Anatolia,Turkey. It is the largest city and capital of Erzurum Province and is 1,900 meters above sea level. Erzurum had a population of 367,250 in 2010. It is the site of ancient Theodosiopolis.
Thomas Reeve Pickering is a retired United States ambassador. Among his many diplomatic appointments,he served as U.S. ambassador to the United Nations from 1989 to 1992.
The Nabucco pipeline was a failed natural gas pipeline project from Erzurum,Turkey to Baumgarten an der March,Austria to diversify natural gas suppliers and delivery routes for Europe. The pipeline was to lessen European dependence on Russian energy. The project was backed by several European Union states and the United States and was seen as rival to the Gazprom-Eni South Stream pipeline project. The main supplier was to be Iraq with potential supplies from Azerbaijan,Turkmenistan,and Egypt.
Matthew James Bryza is a former United States diplomat. His last post in the United States foreign service was the United States Ambassador to Azerbaijan.
Richard Eugene Hoagland is a career ambassador in the United States Department of State. He was Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary in State's Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs from 2013-2015. In the summer of 2016,based at the U.S. Embassy in Amman,Jordan,he was the senior U.S. liaison to the Russian Reconciliation Center at the Russian military base in Latakia,Syria. In 2017 he served as interim U.S. co-chair of the OSCE Minsk Group,the group appointed by the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe to coordinate international peace-making efforts on the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh.
The Trans-Caspian Gas Pipeline is a proposed subsea pipeline between Türkmenbaşy in Turkmenistan,and Baku in Azerbaijan. According to some proposals it would also include a connection between the Tengiz Field in Kazakhstan,the Sangachal Terminal in Baku,and Türkmenbaşy. The Trans-Caspian Gas Pipeline project would transport natural gas from Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan to European Union member countries,circumventing both Russia and Iran. It would do this by feeding the Southern Gas Corridor. This project attracts significant interest since it would connect vast Turkmen gas resources to major consumers Turkey and Europe.
Relations have always been strong between Azerbaijan and Turkey,the only two predominantly Turkic countries located west of the Caspian Sea. Former Azerbaijani president Heydar Aliyev often described the two as being "one nation,two states."
Azerbaijan and Israel began diplomatic relations in 1992 following Azerbaijan's independence from the Soviet Union. Azerbaijan is one of the majority Muslim countries,alongside Turkey,Egypt,Bahrain,United Arab Emirates,Jordan,Kosovo,Morocco,Albania,and some other former Soviet republics to develop bilateral,strategic and economic relations with Israel.
Richard Allen Grenell is an American political operative,diplomat,and public relations consultant. He served as acting director of national intelligence (DNI) under President Donald Trump in 2020. A member of the Republican Party,Grenell served as the United States ambassador to Germany from 2018 to 2020 and as the special presidential envoy for Serbia and Kosovo peace negotiations from 2019 to 2021.
The Special Envoy for Eurasian Energy is a diplomatic position within the United States Department of State. The role of the envoy is to "engage directly with senior European,Central Asian,Russian and other political and business leaders to support the continued development and diversification of the energy sector." The position was filled by Richard Morningstar.
Foreign relations exist between Azerbaijan and Romania. The countries have established embassies in their respective capitals. The Azeri president visited Romania in October 2004 and the two nations have signed over fifty separate agreements to date. Azerbaijan has an embassy in Bucharest. Romania has an embassy in Baku. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
Richard Rahul Verma is an American diplomat,who served as the deputy secretary of state for management and resources,a position he held from April 5,2023 to January 20,2025. He served as the assistant secretary of state for legislative affairs from 2009 to 2011,and as the U.S. ambassador to India from 2014 to 2017. He served as the chief legal officer and head of global public policy at Mastercard,from 2020 to 2023,and as the vice chair of the Asia Group from 2017 to 2020,where he oversaw the firm's South Asia practice. He also practiced law for many years at Steptoe &Johnson LLP in Washington DC,and served as a Senior Counselor and Lead of the India and South Asia practice at Albright Stonebridge Group.
Gérard Araud is a retired French diplomat who served as Ambassador of France to the United States from 2014 to 2019. He previously served as Director General for Political and Security Affairs of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2006–2009) and France's permanent representative to the United Nations (2009–2014).
The Mozdok–Makhachkala–Kazi Magomed pipeline is a natural gas pipeline from Mozdok in North Ossetia through Chechnya and Dagestan to Azerbaijan. The Azerbaijani section is also known as the Kazi Magomed–Novo Filya or Baku–Novo Filya,and it connects Baku with the Novo Filya gas metering utility on the Russian side of the Azerbaijan-Russia border. The pipeline will be used for transportation of Azerbaijani gas to Russia starting from 1 January 2010.
Carlos Pascual is a Cuban-American diplomat and the former U.S. Ambassador to Mexico and Ukraine under President Barack Obama and Bill Clinton respectively. He served at the U.S. Agency for international Development from 1983 to 1995,and at the White House National Security Council from 1995 to 2000,ultimately as senior director for Russia,Ukraine and Eurasia. He was the State Department Coordinator for U.S. Assistance to Europe and Eurasia,and subsequently the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization from 2003 to 2005. Later he served at the Brookings institution and was appointed Special Envoy and Coordinator for International Energy Affairs at the State Department's Bureau of Energy from 2011 to 2014.
Eileen Chamberlain Donahoe is an American diplomat and human rights activist who was U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Human Rights Council,having been appointed by President Barack Obama in 2009. She was the first ambassador following the referent UN body changing from the predecessor United Nations Commission on Human Rights. After serving her term as ambassador,Donahoe was appointed as Director of Global Affairs for Human Rights Watch. In 2014,she was also appointed to the board of International Service for Human Rights. She is also an affiliate of Stanford University's Center for International Security and Cooperation,a center of the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies and Executive Director of the Global Digital Policy Incubator at the Freeman Spogli Institute's Cyber Policy Center working at the intersection of governance,technology and human rights.
The Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline is a natural gas pipeline in Turkey. It is the central part of the Southern Gas Corridor,which connects the giant Shah Deniz gas field in Azerbaijan to Europe through the South Caucasus Pipeline and the Trans Adriatic Pipeline. The pipeline has a strategic importance for both Azerbaijan and Turkey. It allows the first Azerbaijani gas exports to Europe,beyond Turkey. It also strengthens the role of Turkey as a regional energy hub.
Joseph Estey Macmanus is an American diplomat who served as Executive Secretary of the United States Department of State from 2014 to 2017. Prior to that,he served as the U.S. Ambassador to International Organizations in Vienna from 2012 to 2014,as well as interim coordinator for efforts to implement President Barack Obama's Iran Nuclear Deal in 2015.
Amos J. Hochstein is an American businessman,diplomat,and former lobbyist. He was a top national and economic security official in the Biden administration. Hochstein has worked in the U.S. Congress,has testified before congressional panels and has served in the Barack Obama administration under Secretaries of State Clinton and Kerry. He was appointed Deputy Assistant Secretary of State in 2011 and as Special Envoy and Coordinator for International Energy Affairs in 2013. In 2015,President Barack Obama nominated Hochstein to be the Assistant Secretary of State for Energy Resources but the Senate did not act on the nomination. While at the State Department,Hochstein worked as a close advisor to Vice President Biden. He served in the administration from 2011 to 2017.
