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Caladenia, commonly known as spider orchids, is a genus of 350 species of plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Spider orchids are terrestrial herbs with a single hairy leaf and a hairy stem. The labellum is fringed or toothed in most species and there are small projections called calli on the labellum. The flowers have adaptations to attract particular species of insects for pollination. The genus is divided into three groups on the basis of flower shape, broadly, spider orchids, zebra orchids and cowslip orchids, although other common names are often used. Although they occur in other countries, most are Australian and 136 species occur in Western Australia, making it the most species-rich orchid genus in that state.
Thelymitra, commonly known as sun orchids, is a genus of more than 100 species of plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Unlike most other orchids, sun orchids lack a highly modified labellum and all three petals are similar in size, shape and colour. The column is, however, highly modified and usually has prominent wings or glands which are helpful in identifying the species. Most sun orchids close their flowers at night, in cloudy or cool weather, giving rise to their common name. The scientific name means "woman's hood" and refers to the hooded column present in most, but not all species. Most species are endemic to Australia although some are found as far from there as the Philippines and Indonesia. The type species, Thelymitra longifolia, the first to be formally described, was collected in New Zealand.
Microtis, commonly known as onion orchids or mignonette orchids is a genus of about 20 species of plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Onion orchids are terrestrial herbs with a single leaf at the base of the plant. They are similar to orchids in the genus Prasophyllum in that they have an onion-like leaf. The flowers are small but often scented and attractive to their insect pollinators. They are widespread in Asia, Australia and some Pacific islands.
Wurmbea dioica, commonly known as early Nancy, is a species of plant in the family Colchicaceae and is endemic to Australia. It is a herb with three linear to thread-like leaves and usually two to seven white flowers with a purple or greenish nectary band.
Caladenia leptochila subsp. dentata, commonly known as the toothed spider orchid, narrow-lipped spider-orchid or narrow-lipped caladenia, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to South Australia. It has a single leaf and one or two mostly reddish-brown flowers. It differs from subspecies leptochila in the colour of its flowers, toothed edges to its labellum, and its distribution.
Caladenia saxatilis is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to South Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single hairy leaf and one or two pale creamy-green flowers, sometimes with thin reddish lines. It occurs in the southern Flinders Ranges.
Caladenia aurulenta is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to South Australia. It was first formally described in 2005 by David Jones, who gave it the name Arachnorchis aurulenta and published the description in The Orchadian from a specimen collected in the Gawler Ranges. In 2008, Robert Bates changed the name to Caladenia aurulenta. The specific epithet (aurulenta) is a Latin word meaning "golden", "made of gold" or "ornamented with gold". Caladenia aurulenta occurs in the northern part of the Eyre Peninsula.
Caladenia interanea, commonly known as the inland spider orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to the Eyre Peninsula in South Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single hairy leaf and a single green flower with dark red stripes.
Mark Alwin Clements (b. 1949) is an Australian botanist and orchidologist. He obtained his doctorate at the Australian National University defending his thesis entitled Reproductive Biology in relation to phylogeny of the Orchidaceae, especially the tribe Diurideae.
Caladenia fuliginosa is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to the Yorke Peninsula in South Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single hairy leaf and a single relatively large, creamy-yellow flower, sometimes with reddish lines. The flowers have a smell resembling hot metal.
Caladenia intuta is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to two small areas on the Yorke Peninsula in South Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single hairy leaf and one or two white flowers which sometimes have faint reddish lines.
Thelymitra crenulata is a species of orchid in the family Orchidaceae and is endemic to a small area of South Australia. It has a single, fleshy linear leaf and up to seven deep blue flowers with darker lines. It was only discovered in 2003, but is sometimes common in its range near Mount Gambier after wet weather in spring.
Thelymitra hygrophila, commonly known as the blue star sun orchid, is a species of orchid in the family Orchidaceae and is endemic to a small area of South Australia. It has a single erect, fleshy, channelled leaf and up to five pale blue to cornflower blue flowers which open on warm, humid days. Much of its formal habitat has been cleared and the species is now critically endangered.
Thelymitra latifolia is a species of orchid in the family Orchidaceae and is endemic to South Australia. It has a single broad, flat, dark green and reddish leaf and up to eight blue to mauve flowers which only open on warm, humid days.
Thelymitra odora is a rare species of orchid in the family Orchidaceae and is endemic to a small area of South Australia. It has a single erect, channelled, linear leaf and up to four deep blue flowers. It is similar to T. pauciflora but is distinguished from that species by its slaty grey flower buds and a different lobe on top of the anther.
Thelymitra orientalis is a rare species of orchid in the family Orchidaceae and is endemic to southern continental Australia. It has a single thread-like, cylindrical leaf and a single deep blue, streaked flower. It is similar to T. mucida but is distinguished from that species by its filiform leaf and smaller flower.
Wurmbea citrina is a species of plant in the Colchicaceae family that is endemic to Australia.
Wurmbea australis is a species of plant in the Colchicaceae family that is endemic to South Australia.
Wurmbea nilpinna is a species of plant in the Colchicaceae family that is endemic to South Australia.
Caladenia leptochila, commonly known s narrow-lipped spider-orchid or narrow-lipped caladenia, is a species of flowering plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to South Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single slender, hairy leaf and one or two yellowish-green and reddish-brown flowers.
References
- ↑ "CHAH - Australian Plant Collectors & Illustrators (B)". www.anbg.gov.au. Retrieved 29 June 2019.
- ↑ adminorchid (19 January 2016). "South Australian Thelymitra". Australian Orchid Foundation. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
- ↑ Bates, R. (1979). "A PUTATIVE HYBRID BETWEEN PRASOPHYLLUM ARCHER' AND P. DESPECTANS (ORCHIDACEAE)" (PDF).
- ↑ "IPNI Author Details". www.ipni.org. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
- ↑ "Category:Robert John Bates taxa - Wikispecies". species.m.wikimedia.org. Retrieved 29 June 2019.
- ↑ Bates, R. J. "Orchids of South Australia" (PDF).
- ↑ Peakall, Rod; Brown, Graham R.; Bower, Colin C.; Faast, Renate; Phillips, Ryan D. (19 August 2009). "Implications of pollination by food and sexual deception for pollinator specificity, fruit set, population genetics and conservation of Caladenia (Orchidaceae)". Australian Journal of Botany. 57 (4): 287–306. doi:10.1071/BT08154. ISSN 1444-9862.
- ↑ Atlas of Living Australia. "Caladenia saxatilis : Star Spider-Orchid". bie.ala.org.au. Retrieved 29 June 2019.
- ↑ "Vol. 24, 20 December 2010 of Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens on JSTOR". www.jstor.org. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
- ↑ International Plant Names Index. R.J.Bates.
