Toxicology is a scientific discipline,overlapping with biology,chemistry,pharmacology,and medicine,that involves the study of the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms and the practice of diagnosing and treating exposures to toxins and toxicants. The relationship between dose and its effects on the exposed organism is of high significance in toxicology. Factors that influence chemical toxicity include the dosage,duration of exposure,route of exposure,species,age,sex,and environment. Toxicologists are experts on poisons and poisoning. There is a movement for evidence-based toxicology as part of the larger movement towards evidence-based practices. Toxicology is currently contributing to the field of cancer research,since some toxins can be used as drugs for killing tumor cells. One prime example of this is ribosome-inactivating proteins,tested in the treatment of leukemia.
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is one of the United States Department of Energy national laboratories,managed by the Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Science. The main campus of the laboratory is in Richland,Washington.
Oregon State University (OSU) is a public land-grant research university based in Corvallis,Oregon. OSU offers more than 200 undergraduate-degree programs along with a variety of graduate and doctoral degrees. It has the seventh-largest engineering college in the nation for 2023. Undergraduate enrollment for all colleges combined averages over 32,000 while an additional 5,000 students are engaged in post-graduate coursework through the university. In 2023,over 37,000 students were enrolled at OSU - making it the largest university in the state. Out-of-state students typically make up over one-quarter of the student body. Since its founding,over 272,000 students have graduated from OSU. It is classified among "R1:Doctoral Universities –Very high research activity".
Biochemists are scientists who are trained in biochemistry. They study chemical processes and chemical transformations in living organisms. Biochemists study DNA,proteins and cell parts. The word "biochemist" is a portmanteau of "biological chemist."
The Rausser College of Natural Resources (RCNR),or Rausser College,is the oldest college at the University of California,Berkeley and in the University of California system. Established in 1868 as the College of Agriculture under the federal Morrill Land-Grant Acts,CNR is the first state-run agricultural experiment station. The college is home to four internationally top-ranked academic departments:Agriculture and Resource Economics;Environmental Science,Policy,and Management;Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology;and Plant and Microbial Biology,and one interdisciplinary program,Energy and Resources Group. Since February 2020,it is named after former dean and distinguished professor emeritus Gordon Rausser after his landmark $50 million naming gift to the college.
Oregon State University's College of Science is a public academic institution operating as a member of Oregon State University,a public research university. The college of science consists of seven schools,offering nine undergraduate programs and supporting seven doctoral-granting programs and eight master's degree-granting programs. The college also supports the science discipline colleges and bachelor of science students by offering key undergraduate science courses required by their own curriculums.
Nancy Hopkins,an American molecular biologist,is the Amgen,Inc. Professor of Biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She is a member of the National Academy of Sciences,the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy,and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She is known for her research identifying genes required for zebrafish development,and for her earlier research on gene expression in the bacterial virus,lambda,and on mouse RNA tumor viruses. She is also known for her work promoting equality of opportunity for women scientists in academia.
The College of Natural Science (NatSci) at Michigan State University is home to 27 departments and programs in the biological,physical and mathematical sciences.
Leona D. Samson is the Uncas and Helen Whitaker Professor and American Cancer Society Research Professor of Biological Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,where she served as the Director of the Center for Environmental Health Sciences from 2001 to 2012. Before her professorship at MIT,she held a professorship at the Harvard School of Public Health. She is on the editorial board of the journal DNA Repair. Her research interests focus on "methods for measuring DNA repair capacity (DRC) in human cells",research the National Institute of Health recognized as pioneering in her field,for which the NIH granted her the National Institutes of Health Director's Pioneer Award.
Yinsheng Wang is a Professor of Chemistry and the Director for the ETOX Graduate Program at the University of California Riverside. His current research involves the use of a multi-pronged approach encompassing mass spectrometry,synthetic chemistry,and molecular biology,for understanding the biological consequences of DNA damage and the molecular mechanisms of actions of anti-cancer drugs and environmental toxicants.
Allison A. Campbell is an American chemist who is known in the areas of biomineralization,biomimetics and biomaterials for her innovative work on bioactive coatings for medical implants. She is the acting associate laboratory director for the Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) of the Department of Energy. She previously served as director of the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) at PNNL. She was elected as the 2017 president of the American Chemical Society (ACS).
Nils G. Walter,Dr. Ing.,is the Francis S. Collins Collegiate Professor of Chemistry,Biophysics,and Biological Chemistry at the University of Michigan,Ann Arbor. Research in the Nils Walter Lab focuses on non-coding RNA through the lens of single molecule techniques. He is the Founding Director of the Single Molecule Analysis in real-Time (SMART) Center at Michigan. In addition,Walter is the Founding Co-Director for the University of Michigan Center for RNA Biomedicine whose mission is to enrich the university’s intellectual and training environment around RNA Biomedicine. He is currently an Associate Director for the Michigan Post-baccalaureate Research Education Program (PREP).
Dominique Bachelet is a senior climate change scientist and associate professor in Oregon State University,with over 38 years of education and work in the fields of climate change,fire,and ecology. She has worked to make science more accessible,by creating web based resources with various scientific organizations. She returned to Oregon State University in 2017 but has continued her outreach work,getting valuable information to students,scientists,and scholars.
Joanna Yvonne Wilson is a Canadian aquatic toxicologist and physiologist. Wilson is a multidisciplinary scientist whose work intersects the fields of environmental physiology,biochemistry,toxicology,bioinformatics and functional genomics. Her research focuses on studying cytochrome P450 enzymes and the effects of environmental contaminants on marine and freshwater species,the most notable being the impact of pharmaceuticals in the environment. She is a professor in the department of biology at McMaster University in Hamilton,Ontario,Canada.
Cecilia Moens is a Canadian developmental biologist. Moens is part of the faculty at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle,Washington,where she researches the vertebrate brain using zebrafish as a model organism.
Melissa Anne Haendel is an American bioinformaticist who is the Chief Research Informatics Officer of the Anschutz Medical Campus of the University of Colorado as well as a Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and the Marsico Chair in Data Science. She serves as Director of the Center for Data to Health (CD2H). Her research makes use of data to improve the discovery and diagnosis of diseases. During the COVID-19 pandemic,Haendel joined with the National Institutes of Health to launch the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C),which looks to identify the risk factors that can predict severity of disease outcome and help to identify treatments.
Cheryl Lyn Walker is an American molecular biologist.
Staci Simonich is an American environmental scientist who is a professor and dean for the College of Agricultural Sciences at Oregon State University. Her research considers how chemicals move through the environment. She was appointed Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2021.
Andrea Pauli is a developmental biologist and biochemist studying how the egg transitions into an embryo,and more specifically the molecular mechanisms underlying vertebrate fertilisations,egg dormancy,and subsequent egg activation. Her lab uses zebrafish as the main model organism. Andrea Pauli is a group leader at the Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) at the Vienna Biocenter in Austria.
Janet Knutson Jansson is an American biological scientist who is the Chief Scientist at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. She investigates complex microbial communities,including those found in soil and the human gut. Jansson is part of the Phenotypic Response of the Soil Microbiome to Environmental Perturbations Science Focus Area,and is a Fellow of the American Society for Microbiology.
