Ronald Edwards Wraith (born 1908, date of death unknown) was a British scholar on public and colonial administration. He was chairman of the Nigerian Federal Electoral Commission in the late 1950s. [1] Wraith was head of the electoral commission that organized the registration and conduct of the 1959 parliamentary and regional elections. [2]
Wraith was born in Derbyshire; his father worked for the Midland Railway. He studied economics at University of Birmingham. He spent two years in Australia and New Zealand before becoming the warden at a Tyneside community center managed by the Tyneside Council of Social Services when the worst of the Great Depression was over. [2] In 1938, he joined the Education Department of the Borough of Southampton as the Secretary of Youth Services and served in the position through World War II. In 1945, he was the head of the London School of Economics's department involved in colonial studies, also known as the Colonial Social Science Certificate Course that was previously headed by Audrey Richards. [2] In 1946, he visited Africa and worked with the Housing and Social Services Department of Gold Coast. In 1947, he was placed in charge of another course, the Post War Devonshire Courses for colonial and West African administrators. Wraith later published a book on local government, comparing the West African and the English local government systems and expressing doubt about the transferability of the English model to West Africa.
He was a researcher with the University of Ibadan before his appointment as the only expatriate in the Nigerian electoral commission.
Wraith went on to write several books on corruption, local government and public administration in developing countries. He was also a member of the research staff of the Institute of Local Government (INLOGOV), University of Birmingham.
Wraith married his wife, Jane in 1933. Both were members of the Society of Friends.
The Federal government of Nigeria is composed of three distinct branches namely the legislative, executive, and judicial, whose powers are vested and bestowed upon them by the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, the National Assembly, the President, and lastly the federal courts, which includes the Supreme Court which is regarded as the highest court in Nigeria respectively. One of the major functions of the constitution is that it provides for separation and balance of powers among the three branches and aims to prevent the repetition of past mistakes made by the government, some other functions of the constitution includes that it divides power between the federal government and the states and it also protects various individual liberties of the citizens of the nation.
Professor Essien Udosen Essien-UdomListen was born in Ikot Osong, Eastern Provinces, Nigeria, the first son of Timothy and Adiaha Essien. He was educated in the local primary school and Holy Family College, Abak, Eastern Nigeria; Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio (1951–55); and the University of Chicago (1955–61).
Nnamdi Benjamin Azikiwe, PC, usually referred to as "Zik", was a Nigerian statesman and political leader who served as the first president of Nigeria during the First Nigerian Republic which existed from 1963 to 1966. Considered a driving force behind the nation's independence, he came to be known as the "father of Nigerian nationalism".
Frederick John Dealtry Lugard, 1st Baron Lugard, known as Sir Frederick Lugard between 1901 and 1928, was a British soldier, mercenary, explorer of Africa and a colonial administrator. He was Governor of Hong Kong (1907–1912), the last Governor of Southern Nigeria Protectorate (1912–1914), the first High Commissioner (1900–1906) and last Governor (1912–1914) of Northern Nigeria Protectorate and the first Governor-General of Nigeria (1914–1919).
Shehu Usman Aliyu Shagari was a Nigerian politician who was the first democratically elected president of Nigeria, after the transfer of power by military head of state General Olusegun Obasanjo in 1979 giving rise to the Second Nigerian Republic.
The University of Nigeria, commonly referred to as UNN, is a federal university located in Nsukka, Enugu State, Eastern part of Nigeria. Founded by Nnamdi Azikiwe in 1955 and formally opened on 7 October 1960, the University of Nigeria has three campuses in Enugu State– Nsukka, Enugu, and Ituku-Ozalla – and the Aba campus in Abia State.
Southern Nigeria was a British protectorate in the coastal areas of modern-day Nigeria formed in 1900 from the union of the Niger Coast Protectorate with territories chartered by the Royal Niger Company below Lokoja on the Niger River.
Katagum is a town, a local government area and a traditional emirate in Bauchi State of north eastern Nigeria. The town is located on the northern bank of the Jama'are River, which is a tributary of the Hadejia. Most of the inhabitants are peoples from the Fulani and Kanuri tribes. The chief agricultural products include peanuts (groundnuts), sorghum, millet, rice, cowpeas, cotton, indigo, and gum arabic. Livestock include horses, cattle, goats, sheep, donkeys and a lot of poultry.
The Aba Women's Riots of 1929, was a period of unrest in colonial Nigeria over November 1929. The protests broke out when thousands of Igbo women from the Bende District, Umuahia and other places in southeastern Nigeria traveled to the town of Oloko to protest against the Warrant Chiefs, whom they accused of restricting the role of women in the government. The protest encompassed women from six ethnic groups.
Ahmadu Ibrahim Bello(listen), Sardauna of Sokoto, knighted as SirAhmadu Bello, was a conservative Nigerian statesman who masterminded Northern Nigeria through the independence of Nigeria in 1960 and served as its first and only premier from 1954 until his assassination in 1966, in which capacity he dominated national affairs for over a decade.
Education in Nigeria is overseen by the Federal Ministry of Education. The local authorities take responsibility for implementing state-controlled policy regarding public education and state schools. The education system is divided into Kindergarten, Primary education, Secondary education, and Tertiary education. Nigeria's federal government has been dominated by instability since declaring independence from Britain, and as a result, a unified set of education policies is yet to be successfully implemented. Regional differences in quality, curriculum, and funding characterize the education system in Nigeria. Currently, Nigeria possesses the largest population of out-of-school learning youths in the world. The educational systems in Nigeria are divided into two the public where the student only pays for PTA while the private where students pay school fees and some other fees like sports, exam fees, computer fees etc. and they are costly
Brigadier-General Sir Frederick Gordon Guggisberg, was a senior Canadian-born British Army officer and British Empire colonial administrator. He published a number of works on military topics and Africa.
Colonial Nigeria was ruled by the British Empire from the mid-nineteenth century until 1960 when Nigeria achieved independence. British influence in the region began with the prohibition of slave trade to British subjects in 1807. Britain annexed Lagos in 1861 and established the Oil River Protectorate in 1884. British influence in the Niger area increased gradually over the 19th century, but Britain did not effectively occupy the area until 1885. Other European powers acknowledged Britain's dominance over the area in the 1885 Berlin Conference.
Olajide Aluko was a Nigerian scholar who in October 1977 became the first professor of international relations in Sub-Saharan Africa. He was also said to be the Doyen of International Relations. He was a prolific writer and conference speaker who wrote and editted several books and journals concerning international relations..
Tansian University (TANU) is located in Umunya, Oyi Local Government Area, Anambra State in Nigeria. It is a private Christian University. It started in Oba, Idemili South Local Government Area as a temporary site, before the permanent site was set up in Umunya. It was founded by Rev Msgr Prof John Bosco Akam. Although, Tansian University is a Private University, the Anambra State government under Governor Peter Obi donated cash and vehicles for its infrastructural upgrade and development. In 2021, Tansian University lost its Founder, Rev Msgr Prof John Akam to death.
Nigerianisation was the policy of training and posting Nigerians to positions of responsibility previously occupied by expatriates in the public service of the government of Nigeria. The process was largely implemented in the 1950s. It was gradual and involved reorganizing government agencies and expanding educational facilities at selected high schools and colleges. Nigerianisation became important as Nigeria marched towards independence, the Nigerian Council of Ministers and the House of Representatives both supported the idea of a Nigerian control of the Public Service' senior positions such as permanent secretaries.
Dame Karin Judith Barber, is a British cultural anthropologist and academic, who specialises in the Yoruba-speaking area of Nigeria. From 1999 to 2017, she was Professor of African Cultural Anthropology at the University of Birmingham. Before joining the Centre of West African Studies of the University of Birmingham, she was a lecturer at the University of Ife in Nigeria. Since 2018, she has been Centennial Professor of Anthropology at the London School of Economics.
Robert Kweku Atta Gardiner was a Ghanaian civil servant, university professor, and economist who served as the Executive Secretary of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa from January 1962 until October 1975, and as the Commissioner for Economic Planning of Ghana from October 1975 until May 1978.
Ahmadu Bello UniversityZaria is a federal government research university in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria, opened in 1962 as the University of Northern Nigeria. It was founded by and is now named for Ahmadu Bello, first premier of Northern Nigeria.
Ayodeji Oladimeji Olukoju is a Nigerian University distinguished professor of history at the University of Lagos, Nigeria. He was a two-term vice chancellor of Caleb University, Imota between 2010 and 2016. Olukoju's research interests are in the area of maritime, transport, economic, social, corporate and urban history of Nigeria.