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Carl Richard Woese was an American microbiologist and biophysicist. Woese is famous for defining the Archaea in 1977 through a pioneering phylogenetic taxonomy of 16S ribosomal RNA, a technique that has revolutionized microbiology. He also originated the RNA world hypothesis in 1967, although not by that name. Woese held the Stanley O. Ikenberry Chair and was professor of microbiology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Methanogens are microorganisms that produce methane as a metabolic byproduct in hypoxic conditions. They are prokaryotic and belong to the domain Archaea. All known methanogens are members of the archaeal phylum Euryarchaeota. Methanogens are common in wetlands, where they are responsible for marsh gas, and in the digestive tracts of animals such as ruminants and many humans, where they are responsible for the methane content of belching in ruminants and flatulence in humans. In marine sediments, the biological production of methane, also termed methanogenesis, is generally confined to where sulfates are depleted, below the top layers. Moreover, methanogenic archaea populations play an indispensable role in anaerobic wastewater treatments. Others are extremophiles, found in environments such as hot springs and submarine hydrothermal vents as well as in the "solid" rock of Earth's crust, kilometers below the surface.
The Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize, in short Leibniz Prize, is awarded by the German Research Foundation to "exceptional scientists and academics for their outstanding achievements in the field of research". Since 1986, up to ten prizes are awarded annually to individuals or research groups working at a research institution in Germany or at a German research institution abroad. It is considered the most important research award in Germany.
The Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology is a research institute for terrestrial microbiology in Marburg, Germany. Managing Director in 2020-2022 is Tobias J. Erb.
The Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology is located in Bremen, Germany. It was founded in 1992, almost a year after the foundation of its sister institute, the Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology at Marburg. In 1996, the institute moved into new buildings at the campus of the University of Bremen. It is one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society.
In taxonomy, Methanobrevibacter is a genus of the Methanobacteriaceae. The species within Methanobrevibacter are strictly anaerobic archaea that produce methane, for the most part through the reduction of carbon dioxide via hydrogen. Most species live in the intestines of larger organisms, such as termites and are responsible for the large quantities of greenhouse gases that they produce. Mbr. smithii, found in the human intestine, may play a role in obesity.
In taxonomy, Methanosphaera is a genus of microbes within the family Methanobacteriaceae. It was distinguished from other genera within Methanobacteriaceae in 1985 on the basis of the oligonucleotide sequence of its 16S RNA. Like other archaea within Methanobacteriaceae, those of Methanosphaera are methanogens, but while most use formate to reduce carbon dioxide, those of Methanosphaera use hydrogen to reduce methanol to methane.
In enzymology, coenzyme-B sulfoethylthiotransferase, also known as methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR) or most systematically as 2-(methylthio)ethanesulfonate:N-(7-thioheptanoyl)-3-O-phosphothreonine S-(2-sulfoethyl)thiotransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the final step in the formation of methane. It does so by combining the hydrogen donor coenzyme B and the methyl donor coenzyme M. Via this enzyme, most of the natural gas on earth was produced. Ruminants produce methane because their rumens contain methanogenic prokaryotes (Archaea) that encode and express the set of genes of this enzymatic complex.
Methanobrevibacter cuticularis is a species of methanogen archaeon. It was first isolated from the hindgut of the termite Reticulitermes flavipes. It is rod-shaped, ranging in size from 0.34 to 1.6 µm and possesses polar fibers. Its morphology, gram-positive staining reaction, resistance to cell lysis by chemical agents and narrow range of utilizable substrates are typical of species belonging to the family Methanobacteriaceae. It habitates on or near the hindgut epithelium and also attached to filamentous prokaryotes associated with the gut wall. It is one of the predominant gut biota.
Methanobrevibacter curvatus is a species of methanogen archaeon. It was first isolated from the hindgut of the termite Reticulitermes flavipes. It is rod-shaped, ranging in size from 0.34 to 1.6 µm and possesses polar fibers. Its morphology, gram-positive staining reaction, resistance to cell lysis by chemical agents and narrow range of utilisable substrates are typical of species belonging to the family Methanobacteriaceae. It habitates on or near the hindgut epithelium and also attached to filamentous prokaryotes associated with the gut wall. It is one of the predominant gut biota.
Methanobrevibacter filiformis is a species of methanogen archaeon. It was first isolated from the hindgut of the termite Reticulitermes flavipes. It is rod-shaped and possesses polar fibers. Its morphology, gram-positive staining reaction, resistance to cell lysis by chemical agents and narrow range of utilisable substrates are typical of species belonging to the family Methanobacteriaceae. It habitates on or near the hindgut epithelium and also attached to filamentous prokaryotes associated with the gut wall. It is one of the predominant gut biota.
Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii is a species of methanogen archaeon, named after Gerhard Gottschalk.
Methanobrevibacter thaueri is a species of methanogen archaeon, named after Rolf K. Thauer.
Methanobrevibacter woesei is a species of methanogen archaeon, named after Carl R. Woese.
Methanobrevibacter wolinii is a species of methanogen archaeon, named after Meyer J. Wolin.
Methanosphaera stadtmaniae is a methanogen archaeon. It is a non-motile, Gram-positive, spherical-shaped organism that obtains energy by using hydrogen to reduce methanol to methane. It does not possess cytochromes and is part of the large intestine's biota.
Methanothermobacter marburgensis is a thermophilic and obligately autotrophic archaeon. Its type strain is MarburgT. Its genome has been sequenced.
Regine Kahmann is a German microbiologist and was Director at the Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology in Marburg from 2000 to 2019. She was made a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMRS) in 2020.
Lotte Søgaard-Andersen is a Danish microbiologist and molecular geneticist who researches cell signaling and regulation of the cell cycle. She works at the Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology as director and is an elected member of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina and American Academy of Microbiology.
Gert Bange is a German structural biologist and biochemist. He is Professor of Biochemistry at the Department of Chemistry and Vice President for Research at Philipps-Universität Marburg.
References
- 1 2 "Prof. Dr. R.K. Thauer curriculum vitae". Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology. Archived from the original on 2011-01-12. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
- ↑ "Biochemistry of methanogens II - MPI for Terrestrial Microbiology". Prof. Dr. R.K. Thauer- most important work. Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology. Archived from the original on 2011-01-05. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
- ↑ "UW Daily Bulletin, June 13, 2007". Communications and Public Affairs, University of Waterloo. June 13, 2007. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
- ↑ Garrity, George M.; Brenner, Don J.; Krieg, Noel R.; Staley, James T. (eds.) (2005). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume Two: The Proteobacteria, Part C: The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria. New York, New York: Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-24145-6.
- ↑ Miller, Terry L; Lin, Chuzhao (1 May 2002). "Description of Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii sp. nov., Methanobrevibacter thaueri sp. nov., Methanobrevibacter woesei sp. nov. and Methanobrevibacter wolinii sp. nov." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. Microbiology Society. 52 (3): 819–822. doi: 10.1099/00207713-52-3-819 . ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 12054244.
- ↑ "Election of New Members at the 2018 Spring Meeting".
