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Abolitionism,or the abolitionist movement,is the movement to end slavery and liberate slaves around the world.
Henry Dundas,1st Viscount Melville,PC,FRSE,styled as Lord Melville from 1802,was the trusted lieutenant of British prime minister William Pitt and the most powerful politician in Scotland in the late 18th century.
The legal institution of human chattel slavery,comprising the enslavement primarily of Africans and African Americans,was prevalent in the United States of America from its founding in 1776 until 1865,predominantly in the South. Slavery was established throughout European colonization in the Americas. From 1526,during the early colonial period,it was practiced in what became Britain's colonies,including the Thirteen Colonies that formed the United States. Under the law,an enslaved person was treated as property that could be bought,sold,or given away. Slavery lasted in about half of U.S. states until abolition in 1865,and issues concerning slavery seeped into every aspect of national politics,economics,and social custom. In the decades after the end of Reconstruction in 1877,many of slavery's economic and social functions were continued through segregation,sharecropping,and convict leasing.
The American Colonization Society (ACS),initially the Society for the Colonization of Free People of Color of America,was an American organization founded in 1816 by Robert Finley to encourage and support the repatriation of freeborn people of color and emancipated slaves to the continent of Africa. It was modeled on an earlier British Committee for the Relief of the Black Poor's colonization in Africa,which had sought to resettle London's "black poor". Until the organization's dissolution in 1964,the society was headquartered in Room 516 of the Colorado Building in Washington,D.C.
Ukawsaw Gronniosaw,also known as James Albert,was an enslaved African man who is considered the first published African in Britain. Gronniosaw is known for his 1772 narrative autobiography A Narrative of the Most Remarkable Particulars in the Life of James Albert Ukawsaw Gronniosaw,an African Prince,as Related by Himself,which was the first slave narrative published in England. His autobiography recounted his early life in present-day Nigeria,his enslavement,and his eventual emancipation.
Olaudah Equiano,known for most of his life as Gustavus Vassa,was a writer and abolitionist. According to his memoir,he was from the village of Essaka in modern southern Nigeria. Enslaved as a child in West Africa,he was shipped to the Caribbean and sold to a Royal Navy officer. He was sold twice more before purchasing his freedom in 1766.
George Fitzhugh was an American social theorist who published racial and slavery-based social theories in the antebellum era. He argued that the negro was "but a grown up child" needing the economic and social protections of slavery. Fitzhugh decried capitalism as practiced by the Northern United States and Great Britain as spawning "a war of the rich with the poor,and the poor with one another",rendering free blacks "far outstripped or outwitted in the chase of free competition." Slavery,he contended,ensured that blacks would be economically secure and morally civilized. Some historians consider Fitzhugh's worldview to be proto-fascist in its rejection of liberal values,defense of slavery,and perspectives toward race.
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David Brion Davis was an American intellectual and cultural historian,and a leading authority on slavery and abolition in the Western world. He was a Sterling Professor of History at Yale University,and founder and director of Yale's Gilder Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery,Resistance,and Abolition.
Proslavery is support for slavery. It is sometimes found in the thought of ancient philosophers,religious texts,and in American and British writings especially before the American Civil War but also later through the 20th century. Arguments in favor of slavery include deference to the Bible and thus to God,some people being natural slaves in need of supervision,slaves often being better off than the poorest non-slaves,practical social benefit for the society as a whole,and slavery being a time-proven practice by multiple great civilizations.
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The Liberty Party was an abolitionist political party in the United States prior to the American Civil War. The party experienced its greatest activity during the 1840s,while remnants persisted as late as 1860. It supported James G. Birney in the presidential elections of 1840 and 1844. Others who attained prominence as leaders of the Liberty Party included Gerrit Smith,Salmon P. Chase,Henry Highland Garnet,Henry Bibb,and William Goodell. They attempted to work within the federal system created by the United States Constitution to diminish the political influence of the Slave Power and advance the cause of universal emancipation and an integrated,egalitarian society.
The Sons of Africa were a late-18th-century group in Britain that campaigned to end African chattel slavery. The "corresponding society" has been called the Britain's first black political organisation. Its members were educated Africans in London,including formerly enslaved men such as Ottobah Cugoano,Olaudah Equiano and other leading members of London's black community.
The Whitfield Book Prize is a prize of £1,000 awarded annually by the Royal Historical Society to the best work on a subject of British or Irish history published within the United Kingdom or Republic of Ireland during the calendar year. To be eligible for the award,the book must be the first history work published by the author.
Peter J. Kitson is a British academic and author. He is a Professor of Romantic Literature and Culture at the University of East Anglia where he teaches and researches the literature and culture of the British Romantic era.
In the United States,abolitionism,the movement that sought to end slavery in the country,was active from the colonial era until the American Civil War,the end of which brought about the abolition of American slavery,except as punishment for a crime,through the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
Abolitionism in the United Kingdom was the movement in the late 18th and early 19th centuries to end the practice of slavery,whether formal or informal,in the United Kingdom,the British Empire and the world,including ending the Atlantic slave trade. It was part of a wider abolitionism movement in Western Europe and the Americas.
James Monroe Whitfield was an African-American poet,abolitionist,and political activist. He was a notable writer and activist in abolitionism and African emigration during the antebellum era. He published the book America and other Poems in 1853.
References
- 1 2 "Dr Ryan Hanley | History | University of Exeter". history.exeter.ac.uk. Retrieved 2023-07-02.
- 1 2 3 "RHS Whitfield Prize Winners | RHS". royalhistsoc.org. Retrieved 2023-07-02.
- 1 2 3 "RHS Alexander Prize Past Winners | RHS". royalhistsoc.org. Retrieved 2023-07-02.
- ↑ "Philip Leverhulme Prize Winners 2023 | The Leverhulme Trust". www.leverhulme.ac.uk. Retrieved 2024-03-12.
- ↑ Hanley, Ryan (2015-04-03). "Calvinism, Proslavery and James Albert Ukawsaw Gronniosaw". Slavery & Abolition. 36 (2): 360–381. doi:10.1080/0144039X.2014.920973. hdl: 10871/40464 . ISSN 0144-039X.
- ↑ Hale, Matthew (November 2017). "List of publications on the economic and social history of Great Britain and Ireland published in 2016". The Economic History Review. 70 (e): 1375–1438 – via JSTOR.
- 1 2 Wyman-McCarthy, Matthew (Summer 2020). "Ryan Hanley, Beyond Slavery and Abolition: Black British Writing, c.1770–1830". Journal of Eighteenth-Century Studies. 53 (4): 731–732 – via Project MUSE.
- ↑ Hanley, Ryan (2018). Beyond Slavery and Abolition: Black British Writing, c.1770-1830. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781108616997.
