Ryongtongsa | |
Chosŏn'gŭl | 령통사 |
---|---|
Hancha | |
Revised Romanization | Ryeongtongsa |
McCune–Reischauer | Ryŏngt'ongsa |
Ryeongtongsa is a Korean Buddhist temple located on Ogwansan in Kaesong,North Korea.
Founded by the Cheontae sect of Buddhism in 1027,the temple is believed to be one of the first of the sect's temples in Korea. Destroyed by a fire in the 16th century,and further damaged by American bombing during the Korean War,little remained of the original temple when reconstruction began in 2000 as a joint Korean cultural project. After five years of work,the restoration was completed on October 31,2005. [1] The temple contains the ashes of Uicheon,the sect's founder. A son of Emperor Munjong of Goryeo,he spent most of his life in Kaesong before retiring to the temple as an ascetic,where he lived until his death. The temple was thus closely connected with the royal family of Goryeo and was where they would attend services.
The main temple is divided into two sections:a west court and an east court. The main entrance to the temple is through the South Gate,in front of which are located the temple's original stone banner pillars. Through the gate is an unwalled plaza containing a monument to Uicheon. Erected in 1125,the much-worn stele rests on the back of a lion-turtle,and commemorates episodes from the life of the great monk. It is listed as National Treasure #155. [2] From here,both the Middle and East Gates are accessible. The Middle Gate,directly across from the South Gate,leads to the temple's large West Court,which is dominated by Bogwang Hall (普 光 院,"Hall of Universal Light"),the temple's main shrine. To the right,the East Gate leads to the smaller courtyard fronting Bojo Hall (普 炤 院,"Hall of Universal Clarity"),devoted to veneration of the Bodhisattvas.
In front of Bogwang Hall there are three pagodas,two three-storied,and one five-storied. The smaller three-storied pagoda measures 4.1 meters, [3] while the larger measures 4.4. [4] The five storied pagoda is 5.5 meters. [5] The pagodas are plainly carved in sandstone,with upturned eaves surmounting square segments decorated only with raised vertical lines on the corners. All three date to the Koryo dynasty. The pagodas are registered as National Treasure #133.
Directly behind Pogwang Hall is Junggak Hall (重 閣 院),a meditation room and lecture hall decorated with paintings of important Buddhist monks. Behind this there are two gates to the back courtyard of the temple,where Sungbok Hall (崇 福 院) is located. This building once held the living quarters for the temple's monks.
Behind the main temple and up the mountain is Gyeongseon Hall (敬 先 院),containing a shrine to Uicheon;The stone stupa in front of the hall contains his ashes.
The roofs of the main buildings are decorated with ceramic ornaments in the shapes of fish (known as wenshou in Chinese). [1] These are believed to keep the buildings safe from evil and fire.
Altogether,the reconstructed temple consists of over 26 buildings in an area of over 4,000 square meters. [1]
Bulguksa (Korean: 불국사) is a Buddhist temple on Tohamsan,in Jinhyeon-dong,Gyeongju,North Gyeongsang Province,South Korea.
Mount Kōya is a large temple settlement in Wakayama Prefecture,Japan to the south of Osaka. In the strictest sense,Mount Kōya is the mountain name (sangō) of Kongōbu-ji Temple,the ecclesiastical headquarters of the Kōyasan sect of Shingon Buddhism.
Tongdosa is a head temple of the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism and in the southern part of Mt. Chiseosan near Yangsan,South Gyeongsang Province,South Korea.
Korean architecture refers to an architectural style that developed over centuries in Korea. Throughout the history of Korea,various kingdoms and royal dynasties have developed a unique style of architecture with influences from Buddhism and Korean Confucianism.
Pohyon-sa is a Korean Buddhist temple located in Hyangsan county in North Pyong'an Province,North Korea. It is located within the Myohyang Mountains. Founded under the Koryo dynasty at the start of the 11th century,the temple flourished as one of the greatest centers of Buddhism in the north of Korea,and became a renowned place of pilgrimage. Like most other temples in North Korea,the complex suffered extensive damage from US bombing during the Korean War. The temple is designated as National Treasure #40 in North Korea,with many of its component buildings and structures further declared as individual national treasures.
Uicheon was a Korean Royal Prince and influential Korean Buddhist scholar-monk during the Goryeo period (918–1392). He was the fourth son of King Munjong (1046–1083) and Queen Inye from the Gyeongwon Yi clan and the younger brother of Sunjong,Seonjong,and Sukjong.
Buddhist temples or Buddhist monasteries together with Shinto shrines,are considered to be amongst the most numerous,famous,and important religious buildings in Japan. The shogunates or leaders of Japan have made it a priority to update and rebuild Buddhist temples since the Momoyama period. The Japanese word for a Buddhist monastery is tera (寺) and the same kanji also has the pronunciation ji,so that temple names frequently end in -dera or -ji. Another ending,-in (院),is normally used to refer to minor temples. Such famous temples as Kiyomizu-dera,Enryaku-ji and Kōtoku-in are temples which use the described naming pattern.
Woljeongsa (Korean: 월정사) is a head temple of the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism,located on the eastern slopes of Odaesan in Pyeongchang County,Gangwon Province,South Korea. Woljeongsa was founded in 643 by the Silla monk Jajang.
Daeheungsa,sometimes called Daedunsa,is a main temple of the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism. Daeheungsa is located on the slopes of Duryunsan in Samsan township,Haenam County,in the province of Jeollanam-do near the southern limit of South Korea.
Geumsansa is a temple of the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism standing on the slopes of Moaksan in Gimje City,Jeollabuk-do,South Korea.
Guinsa,in the Yeonhwa area of the Sobaek Mountains located near Danyang in Chungcheongbuk-do,South Korea,is the headquarters of the Cheontae school of Korean Buddhism. Guinsa is the administrative center of over 140 sub-temples and hermitages of the Cheontae sect.
This is the glossary of Japanese Buddhism,including major terms the casual reader might find useful in understanding articles on the subject. Words followed by an asterisk (*) are illustrated by an image in one of the photo galleries. Within definitions,words set in boldface are defined elsewhere in the glossary.
Shichidōgaran is a Japanese Buddhist term indicating the seven halls composing the ideal Buddhist temple compound. This compound word is composed of shichidō (七堂),literally meaning "seven halls",and garan (伽藍),meaning "temple". The term is often shortened to just garan. Which seven halls the term refers to varies,and 七堂may be a misinterpretation of shitsudō (悉堂),meaning "complete temple". In practice,shichidōgaran often simply means a large temple with many buildings.
Kwanŭm-sa is a Korean Buddhist temple located within Taehung Castle on Mt. Chonma near Kaesong,North Korea. The site is one of the National Treasures of North Korea. Named after Guanyin,the buddhist bodhisattva of compassion,this small temple is located in the valley between Mts. Chonma and Songgo. The temple was founded in 970 when a monk deposited two marble statues of the goddess in a cave behind the temple's current location. The temple itself was constructed in 1393 under the Koryo Dynasty,and later renovated in 1646 under the Joseon. The site contains many ancient relics,including a seven-story pagoda from the Koryo dynasty and the ancient Guanyin statues in Kwanum Cave. The doors of the main shrine,known as the Taeung Hall,are decorated with carved flowers and leaves;an old legend relays why the decorations on one door are unfinished. During the reconstruction of the temple during the Joseon dynasty,one of the main carvers was a twelve-year-old boy named Unna,famed for his skill in carving. One day,while working on the temple,he heard his mother was seriously ill,and asked to be allowed to visit her. He was refused,and his mother died shortly after. He blamed himself and his skillful hands for his mother's death,and so out of grief used his carving axe to chop off his hand. He then disappeared into the forest,never to be seen again. Today,a carving of a boy with one hand ascending to heaven on the back of a white tiger can still be seen on the unfinished door.
Anhwa-sa is a Korean Buddhist temple located on Mt. Songak in the historic city of Kaesong,North Korea. Once one of the smallest of the many temples in Kaesong,today it is the only one to have survived the Korean War.
Japanese Buddhist architecture is the architecture of Buddhist temples in Japan,consisting of locally developed variants of architectural styles born in China. After Buddhism arrived from the continent via the Three Kingdoms of Korea in the 6th century,an effort was initially made to reproduce the original buildings as faithfully as possible,but gradually local versions of continental styles were developed both to meet Japanese tastes and to solve problems posed by local weather,which is more rainy and humid than in China. The first Buddhist sects were Nara's six Nanto Rokushū,followed during the Heian period by Kyoto's Shingon and Tendai. Later,during the Kamakura period,in Kamakura were born the Jōdo and the native Japanese sect Nichiren-shū. At roughly the same time,Zen Buddhism arrived from China,strongly influencing all other sects in many ways,including in architecture. The social composition of Buddhism's followers also changed radically with time. Beginning as an elite religion,it slowly spread from the nobility to warriors and merchants,and finally to the population at large. On the technical side,new woodworking tools like the framed pit saw and the plane allowed new architectural solutions.
The Byōbuura Gogakusan Tanjō-in Zentsū-ji (屏風浦五岳山誕生院善通寺) is a Buddhist temple of the Shingon sect in Zentsūji,Kagawa,Japan. It was established in 807 by Kūkai,founder of Shingon Buddhism,who was born where the temple now stands. The oldest structure,the ShakadōHall,dates to around 1677.
Seonam Temple,or Seonamsa,is a Korean Buddhist temple on the eastern slope at the west end of Jogyesan Provincial Park,within the northern Seungjumyeon District of the city of Suncheon,South Jeolla Province,South Korea. It belongs to the Taego Order although the Jogye Order claims possession over it.
Naesosa (Korean: 내소사),or Naeso Temple,is a Korean Buddhist temple located at the base of the mountain Naebyeongsan in Jinseo-myeon,Buan County,Jeonbuk State,South Korea.
Tayuan Temple is located in the central area of Taihuai town in Mount Wutai,Shanxi Province,China. Tayuan Temple was originally a stupa of Xiantong Temple. The stupa,named the Great White Pagoda,was constructed in the 6th year of DaDe reign of the Yuan dynasty. In the 5th year of Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty (1407AD),it was expanded to a temple and got its name as Tayuan Temple. It is listed in the Major Historical and Cultural Sites Protected in Shanxi Province,China.