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Chittagong, officially Chattogram, is a major coastal city and financial centre in southeastern Bangladesh. The city had a population of more than 8.7 million in 2017, making it the second-largest city in the country. It is the capital and administrative seat of an eponymous District and Division. The city is located on the banks of the Karnaphuli River between the Chittagong Hill Tracts and the Bay of Bengal. Modern Chittagong is Bangladesh's second most significant urban centre after Dhaka.
The Chittagong Port is the main seaport of Bangladesh located on the bank of the Karnaphuli River, and is the core port of countries dependent on the Bay of Bengal. According to Lloyd's, it ranked as the 58th busiest container port in the world in 2019 Located in the Bangladesh's port city of Chittagong and on the banks of the Karnaphuli River, the port of Chittagong handles ninety percent of Bangladesh's export-import trade, and has been used by India, Nepal and Bhutan to join for transshipment. The port is one of the oldest in the world.
The Bangladesh Liberation War started on 26 March 1971 and ended on 16 December 1971. Some of the major events of the war are listed in the timeline below.
A merchant navy or merchant marine is the fleet of merchant vessels that are registered in a specific country. On merchant vessels, seafarers of various ranks and sometimes members of maritime trade unions are required by the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) to carry Merchant Mariner's Documents.
Postage stamps of Pakistan are those issued since Pakistan's independence in 1947. Pakistan Post has issued more than 600 sets and singles totalling more than 1300 stamps. Immediately after the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the new Pakistan government was preoccupied with setting up the government so British Indian stamps continued in use without an overprint as was the practice in other countries.
The Karachi Shipyard & Engineering Works Limited (KS&EW) is a Pakistani state-owned defense contractor and military corporation situated in the West Wharf in Karachi, Sindh in Pakistan.
The Karachi Chamber of Commerce and Industry (KCCI) is the Chamber of Commerce for Karachi, Pakistan.
The Karachi Dolphins are a limited overs cricket team based in Karachi which plays in Pakistan's National One-day Championship and domestic Twenty20. The Dolphins' home ground is National Stadium in Karachi's north end. Their general manager is headed by Razziq Rabbani, while the team coach is Azam Khan. The Dolphins' team captain is Shahid Afridi. The Dolphins have yet to win the Faysal Bank T20 Cup championship. However, they have been runners-up on several occasions during the 2004/05, 2006/07, 2007/08, 2009/10, 2010/11, super 8 2011 and Super 8 2012 seasons.
The Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971 refers to the maritime military engagements between the Indian Navy and the Pakistan Navy during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. The India–Pakistan hostilities during this time period were a direct result of the Bangladesh Liberation War, which had been ongoing in erstwhile East Pakistan since the Pakistan Army's execution of Operation Searchlight in an effort to curb the Bengali nationalist movement in Pakistan's eastern wing. The series of naval operations began with the Indian Navy's exertion of pressure on Pakistan from the Indian Ocean, while the Indian Army and Indian Air Force moved in to choke Pakistani forces operating in East Pakistan on land. Indian naval operations comprised naval interdiction, air defence, ground support, and logistics missions.
Muhammadi Steamship Company Limited was one of the oldest locally owned shipping companies in Pakistan until it was nationalised in the early 1970s.
SS Fatima was the first ship ever registered in Karachi, Pakistan in 1948. It was cargo vessel belonging to East & West Steamship Company.
East & West Steamship Company was one of the oldest locally owned shipping line in Pakistan until it was nationalised in 1974. Its ship, SS Fatima was the first ship ever registered at the newly established Port of Registry at Karachi in August 1948. It was owned by the Cowasjee family. The company was restructured as the 'East and West Steamship Co. (1961) Ltd.' from 1961
PNS Muhafiz was an Adjutant-class minesweeper of the Pakistan Navy. It was built by the United States for transfer to Pakistan. PNS Muhafiz was sunk by a missile from INS Veer of the Indian Navy during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.
The region of Chittagong is traditionally centred around its seaport which has existed since ancient times. The region was home to the ancient independent Buddhist kingdoms of Samatata and Harikela. It later fell under of the rule of the Gupta Empire, the Pala Empire and the Arakanese kingdom of Waithali until the 7th century. Arab Muslims traded with the port from as early as the 9th century. Historian Lama Taranath is of the view that the Buddhist king Gopichandra had his capital at Chittagong in the 10th century. According to Tibetan tradition, this century marked the birth of Tantric Buddhism in the region. The region has been explored by numerous historic travellers, most notably Ibn Battuta of Morocco who visited in the 14th century. During this time, the region was conquered and incorporated into the independent Sonargaon Sultanate by Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah in 1340 AD. Sultan Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah constructed a highway from Chittagong to Chandpur and ordered the construction of many lavish mosques and tombs. After the defeat of the Sultan of Bengal Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah in the hands of Sher Shah Suri in 1538, the Arakanese Kingdom of Mrauk U managed to regain Chittagong. From this time onward, until its conquest by the Mughal Empire, the region was under the control of the Portuguese and the Magh pirates for 128 years.
The Pakistan National Shipping Corporation (PNSC) is a Pakistani national flag carrier and one of Government of Pakistan's most profitable state-owned entities. The Corporation is principally engaged in the business of shipping, including charter of vessels, transportation of cargo and providing commercial, technical, administrative, financial and other services to its subsidiaries and third parties.
Vice-Admiral Ahmad Zamir, HI(M), SJ was a three-star rank admiral in the Pakistan Navy. Prior to his death in 1985, he was serving as the managing director of Karachi Shipyard and Engineering from 1983 until 1985.
Rear-Admiral Mujeeb Ahmad Khan Lodhi, SJ, TPk, best known as M.A.K. Lodhi, is a retired two-star rank admiral in the Pakistan Navy, a memoirist, and a defence analyst, writing in the News International.
Adamjee Literary Award, also known as Adamjee Prize, is a literary award bestowed by the government of Pakistan. It is presented by the president. The award seeks to recognize those people who have made "meritorious contribution" to the literature of Pakistan. It was first introduced by Pakistan Writers' Guild in 1959. Muhammad Shahidullah served as the permanent chairman of the award.
References
- ↑ Malik, Iftikhar Ahmed, History of Pakistan Merchant Navy 1947- 2009 Karachi 2010 (privately published) pg 6
- ↑ Report of the High Level Consultants Mission to Bangladesh March/April 1972 pg 172 Archived 2011-07-28 at the Wayback Machine United Nations Retrieved 3 March 2011
- ↑ Malik, Iftikhar Ahmed, History of Pakistan Merchant Navy 1947- 2009 Karachi 2010 (privately published) pg 8