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In genetics, a promoter is a sequence of DNA to which proteins bind to initiate transcription of a single RNA transcript from the DNA downstream of the promoter. The RNA transcript may encode a protein (mRNA), or can have a function in and of itself, such as tRNA or rRNA. Promoters are located near the transcription start sites of genes, upstream on the DNA . Promoters can be about 100–1000 base pairs long, the sequence of which is highly dependent on the gene and product of transcription, type or class of RNA polymerase recruited to the site, and species of organism.
The TATA-binding protein (TBP) is a general transcription factor that binds specifically to a DNA sequence called the TATA box. This DNA sequence is found about 30 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site in some eukaryotic gene promoters.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like 2, also known as Mop9, Bmal2, Clif, or Arntl2, is a gene.
Nuclear respiratory factor 1, also known as Nrf1, Nrf-1, NRF1 and NRF-1, encodes a protein that homodimerizes and functions as a transcription factor which activates the expression of some key metabolic genes regulating cellular growth and nuclear genes required for respiration, heme biosynthesis, and mitochondrial DNA transcription and replication. The protein has also been associated with the regulation of neurite outgrowth. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, which encode the same protein, have been characterized. Additional variants encoding different protein isoforms have been described but they have not been fully characterized. Confusion has occurred in bibliographic databases due to the shared symbol of NRF1 for this gene and for "nuclear factor -like 1" which has an official symbol of NFE2L1.
GA-binding protein alpha chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GABPA gene.
Y box binding protein 1 also known as Y-box transcription factor or nuclease-sensitive element-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the YBX1 gene.
YY1 is a transcriptional repressor protein in humans that is encoded by the YY1 gene.
DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ID3 gene.
60S ribosomal protein L7a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL7A gene.
Surfeit locus protein 1 (SURF1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SURF1 gene. The protein encoded by SURF1 is a component of the mitochondrial translation regulation assembly intermediate of cytochrome c oxidase complex, which is involved in the regulation of cytochrome c oxidase assembly. Defects in this gene are a cause of Leigh syndrome, a severe neurological disorder that is commonly associated with systemic cytochrome c oxidase deficiency, and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 4K (CMT4K).
Homeobox protein Hox-B3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXB3 gene.
D site of albumin promoter binding protein, also known as DBP, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the DBP gene.
Transcription factor Sp2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SP2 gene.
60S ribosomal protein L19 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL19 gene.
Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 22 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MED22 gene.
Translocon-associated protein subunit delta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSR4 gene.
Surfeit locus protein 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SURF6 gene.
Surfeit locus protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SURF4 gene.
Surfeit is a human gene cluster that consists of a group of very tightly linked genes on chromosome 9 that do not share sequence similarity. Genes in this cluster are numbered 1 through 6: SURF1, SURF2, SURF3, SURF4, SURF5, and SURF6.
The Epstein–Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA-2) is one of the six EBV viral nuclear proteins expressed in latently infected B lymphocytes is a transactivator protein. EBNA2 is involved in the regulation of latent viral transcription and contributes to the immortalization of EBV infected cells. EBNA2 acts as an adapter molecule that binds to cellular sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins, JK recombination signal-binding protein (RBP-JK), and PU.1 as well as working with multiple members of the RNA polymerase II transcription complex.
References
- ↑ Lennard A, Gaston K, Fried M (November 1994). "The Surf-1 and Surf-2 genes and their essential bidirectional promoter elements are conserved between mouse and human". DNA Cell Biol. 13 (11): 1117–26. doi:10.1089/dna.1994.13.1117. PMID 7702754.
- ↑ Duhig T, Ruhrberg C, Mor O, Fried M (August 1998). "The human Surfeit locus". Genomics. 52 (1): 72–8. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5372. PMID 9740673.
- ↑ "SURF2 Protein Human Recombinant | Surfeit 2 Antigen | ProSpec".
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