Sallar | |
---|---|
Shah of Shirvan | |
Reign | 1050 – 1063 |
Predecessor | Bukhtnassar |
Successor | Fariburz I |
Died | 20 February 1063 Shamakhi |
Spouse | Unnamed daughter of Abu'l-Aswar Shavur I |
Issue | Fariburz Guzhdaham |
House | Kasranids |
Father | Yazid II |
Abu Shuja Salar was the fifteenth Shah of Shirvan. He was the uncle and successor of Bukhtnassar.
Sallar was one of youngest sons of Yazid II. In 1049, Sallar rebelled against his nephew Bukhtnassar; he repelled him from Shamakhi, and thereafter had him captured and killed near Baylaqan, fortifying his rule.
He captured the Malugh castle (near modern Oghuz, Azerbaijan) and then had it rebuilt in 1053, building mosques and garrison around it. [1]
He later died on 20 February 1063, and was succeeded by his energetic son Fariburz I, who was already taken over authority by large during his father's reign.
He was married to an unnamed daughter of Abu-l-Aswar Shavur I of Shaddadids. He had at least three sons:
His coins were found elsewhere in modern Azerbaijan, minted in Shabran and Beylaqan. His laqab s in legends were described as al-Malik Abu-Shuja, al-Malik Muazzam, al-Malik al-Ajal al-Akhlal al-Munawwar Abu-Shuja and al-Malik Abu-Mansur, while honoring the Abbasid caliph al-Qadir. [2]
An inscription bearing his name was found by Ilya Berezin in an old tower in Buzovna dating 1061 [3] and is currently kept at Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Malik-Shah I, was the third sultan of the Seljuk Empire from 1072 to 1092, under whom the sultanate reached its zenith of power and influence.
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Abu'l-Aswar or Abu'l-Asvar Shavur ibn Fadl ibn Muhammad ibn Shaddad was a member of the Shaddadid dynasty. Between 1049 and 1067 he was the eighth Shaddadid ruler of Arran from Ganja. Prior to that, he ruled the city of Dvin from 1022 as an autonomous lord. A capable warrior, and a wise and cunning ruler, Abu'l-Aswar was engaged in several conflicts with most of his neighbours. During his rule over Dvin, he was mostly involved in the affairs of the Armenian principalities. He collaborated with the Byzantine Empire in its conquest of the last remnants of Bagratid Armenia in 1045, but when the Byzantines later turned on him, he survived three successive offensives that sought to take Ganja. In 1049, a revolt in Ganja overthrew his infant great-great-nephew, Anushirvan. The rebels invited him to take up the family's emirate, and he moved from Dvin to Ganja. Under his rule, the Shaddadid dynasty reached its zenith. He undertook successful campaigns into Georgia and Shirvan, although the limits of Shaddadid power were exposed by his failure to take over the Emirate of Tiflis and by devastating raids by the Alans. At the same time, his reign witnessed the rapid rise of the Seljuk Empire and the extension of its control over the Transcaucasian principalities. Abu'l-Aswar became a Seljuk vassal in 1054/5. Although he gained control over the former Armenian capital of Ani through Seljuk patronage in 1065, this association also paved the way for the dynasty's decline after his death in November 1067.
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In the history of Azerbaijan, the Early Middle Ages lasted from the 3rd to the 11th century. This period in the territories of today's Azerbaijan Republic began with the incorporation of these territories into the Sasanian Persian Empire in the 3rd century AD. Feudalism took shape in Azerbaijan in the Early Middle Ages. The territories of Caucasian Albania became an arena of wars between the Byzantine Empire and the Sassanid Empire. After the Sassanid Empire was felled by the Arab Caliphate, Albania also weakened and was overthrown in 705 AD by the Abbasid Caliphate under the name of Arran. As the control of the Arab Caliphate over the Caucasus region weakened, independent states began to emerge in the territory of Azerbaijan.
The High Middle Ages, or Classic Feudalism Period in what constitutes the present-day Republic of Azerbaijan, lasted from around the 11th century to the 15th century AD. The High Middle Ages were preceded by the Early Middle Ages and were followed by the Late Middle Ages, which ended around the 15thcentury AD. Key historical trends of the High Middle Ages include the incorporation of the territories that constitute present-day Azerbaijan into the Seljuk Empire, the establishment of the Eldiguzids, the Mongol invasions and the rule of the Ilkhanate, the invasions of Timur and the establishment of the Turkoman Kara Koyunlu and Aq Qoyunlu tribal confederations.