House of Derbent | |
---|---|
Parent family | Kasranids |
Founded | 1382 |
Founder | Yazid ibn Ahmad |
Final ruler | Abu Bakr Mirza |
Titles | Shirvanshah |
Connected families | Yazidids Sharvashidze Kasranids |
Dissolution | 1602 |
House of Derbent or Darbandids was a younger branch of Shirvanshahs that succeeded Kasranids. [1]
Their derives from town of Derbent. Emirate of Derbent was ruled by local clan of Hashimids from 869 and was invaded numerous times by Shirvanshahs who saw the fief as their own. [2] Sometimes, sons or brothers of shahs were granted Derbent as a fief. Derbent was fully incorporated to Shirvan by 13th century. Prince Sultan Muhammad of Shirvan was a wali of Derbent whose son Ibrahim I of Shirvan was a first shah of branch.
Family tree of Derbendis, including reigning shahs (with gold crown) and pretenders (in silver crown) and Tamerlane's dynasty.
Moreover, there were at least three pretenders - Mehrab, Qorban Ali Mirza, Qasem Mirza who claimed to have descended from Shirvanshah dynasty. However their exact relationship is unknown. Although Tārīkh-i Quṭb-i Shāhīyah claims a certain prince called Hamza was a son of Farrukh Yassar who took part in a campaign during reign of Ahmad Jalayir [3] , this is chronologically impossible.
Ibrahim I was the 33rd Shirvanshah. Because of his cunning politics he managed to remain independent and avoid being deposed by the Turko-Mongol ruler Timur.
Khalilullah I, also known as Sultan-Khalil (سلطان-خلیل), was the Shirvanshah from 1418 to 1465. He was the son and successor of Ibrahim I. He was succeeded by his son Farrukh Yasar.
Farrukh Yasar was the last independent Shirvanshah of Shirvan (1465–1500). In 1500, the first Safavid ruler, Ismail I, decisively defeated and killed Farrukh Yasar during his conquest of the area. Descendants of Farrukh Yasar continued to rule Shirvan under Safavid suzerainty, until 1538, when Ismail's son and successor Tahmasp I appointed its first Safavid governor, and made it a fully functioning Safavid province.
Abu NasrQara Yusuf ibn MohammadBarani was the ruler of the Qara Qoyunlu dynasty from c.1388 to 1420, although his reign was interrupted by Tamerlane's invasion (1400–1405). He was the son of Qara Mahammad Töremish, a brother-in-law to Ahmad Jalayir.
Qara Iskandar ruled the Qara Qoyunlu or Black Sheep Turcoman tribe from 1420 to 1436. His struggles with the Timurid ruler Shah Rukh show that he was a brave leader, but he was not able to continue developing what he inherited from his father Qara Yusuf; his reign also saw the decline of the Qara Qoyunlu.
Shirvanshah was the title of the rulers of Shirvan from 861 to 1538. The first ruling line were the Yazidids, an originally Arab and later Persianized dynasty, who became known as the Kasranids. The second ruling line were the Darbandi, distant relatives of the Yazidids/Kasranids.
Shaykh Haydar or Sheikh Haydar was the successor of his father as leader of the Safavid order from 1460 to 1488. Haydar maintained the policies and political ambitions initiated by his father. Under Sheikh Haydar, the order became crystallized as a political movement with an increasingly extremist heterodox Twelver Shi'i coloring and Haydar was viewed as a divine figure by his followers. Shaykh Haydar was responsible for instructing his followers to adopt the scarlet headgear of 12 gores commemorating The Twelve Imams, which led to them being designated by the Turkish term Qizilbash "Red Head".
Abu Sa'id Mirza was the ruler of the Timurid Empire during the mid-fifteenth century.
Abu Tahir Yazid or Yazid I was sixth Shah of Shirvan and third Shah of Layzan.
Manuchihr, Minuchihr or Manuchehr I was the eleventh Shah of Shirvan. He is considered to be first fully Persianized ruler of the dynasty. Starting from his rule, the Shirvanshahs favoured names from the pre-Islamic Iranian past and claimed descent from characters such as the Sasanian monarch Bahram V Gur.
Kayqubad was the 31st ruler of Shirvan.
Sheykh Ibrahim II was the 40th shah of Shirvan.
Khalilullah II was the 41st Shirvanshah, governing Shirvan under Safavid suzerainty between 1524—1535.
Burhan Ali was a self-declared Shah of Shirvan. He claimed to be son of Khalilullah II.
Sultan Muhammad was a member of the Kasranid branch of Shirvanshah dynasty, as well as the ancestor of Darbandid branch of the family.
The Kasranids were a branch of the Shirvanshahs, who ruled the Shirvan region for 387 years. The word "Kasra" was derived from legendary king Kai Khosrow of Iran, reflecting a shift in naming tradition from Arabic to Persian and it was part of an effort to break with their Arabic roots by claiming to be successors of the Sasanians and the Kayanian dynasty.
Qara Mahammad was a bey of the Qara Qoyunlu and father of Qara Yusuf.
The High Middle Ages, or Classic Feudalism Period in what constitutes the present-day Republic of Azerbaijan, lasted from around the 11th century to the 15th century AD. The High Middle Ages were preceded by the Early Middle Ages and were followed by the Late Middle Ages, which ended around the 15thcentury AD. Key historical trends of the High Middle Ages include the incorporation of the territories that constitute present-day Azerbaijan into the Seljuk Empire, the establishment of the Eldiguzids, the Mongol invasions and the rule of the Ilkhanate, the invasions of Timur and the establishment of the Turkoman Kara Koyunlu and Aq Qoyunlu tribal confederations.
Baysunghur was the ruler of the Aq Qoyunlu from 1490 to 1493. He was the son and successor of Ya'qub Beg. He had little power during his short reign, serving as a figurehead, while real power was in possession of his tutor and commander Sufi Khalil Beg Mawsilu in 1490–1492, and then under another commander, Sulayman Beg Bijan in 1492–1493. Baysunghur was killed in 1493 by his cousin Rustam Beg, who succeeded him.
Sultan Murad was the last sultan of the Aq Qoyunlu from 1497 to 1508. After losing his kingdom to the Safavid Shah Ismail I, he fled to Diyar Bakr, where he was eventually killed by Shah Ismail's Qizilbash soldiers at the end of 1514.