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Shirvan is a historical region in the eastern Caucasus, as known in both pre-Islamic Sasanian and Islamic times. Today, the region is an industrially and agriculturally developed part of the Republic of Azerbaijan that stretches between the western shores of the Caspian Sea and the Kura River, centered on the Shirvan Plain.
Ibrahim I was the 33rd Shirvanshah. Because of his cunning politics he managed to remain independent and avoid being deposed by the Turko-Mongol ruler Timur.
Khalilullah I, also known as Sultan-Khalil (سلطان-خلیل), was the Shirvanshah from 1418 to 1465. He was the son and successor of Ibrahim I. He was succeeded by his son Farrukh Yasar.
Farrukh Yasar was the last independent Shirvanshah of Shirvan (1465–1500). In 1500, the first Safavid ruler, Ismail I, decisively defeated and killed Farrukh Yasar during his conquest of the area. Descendants of Farrukh Yasar continued to rule Shirvan under Safavid suzerainty, until 1538, when Ismail's son and successor Tahmasp I appointed its first Safavid governor, and made it a fully functioning Safavid province.
Qara Iskandar ruled the Qara Qoyunlu or Black Sheep Turcoman tribe from 1420 to 1436. His struggles with the Timurid ruler Shah Rukh show that he was a brave leader, but he was not able to continue developing what he inherited from his father Qara Yusuf; his reign also saw the decline of the Qara Qoyunlu.
The architecture of Azerbaijan refers to the architecture development in Azerbaijan.
Shirvanshah was the title of the rulers of Shirvan from 861 to 1538. The first ruling line were the Yazidids, an originally Arab and later Persianized dynasty, who became known as the Kasranids. The second ruling line were the Darbandi, distant relatives of the Yazidids/Kasranids.
Manuchehr I was the eleventh Shah of Shirvan. He is considered to be first fully Persianized ruler of the dynasty. Starting from his rule, the Shirvanshahs favoured names from the pre-Islamic Iranian past and claimed descent from characters such as the Sasanian monarch Bahram V Gur.
Akhsitan III was the 29th ruler of Shirvan, now part of Azerbaijan. He was the son of Shirvanshah Farrukhzad II.
Khalilullah II was the 41st Shirvanshah, governing Shirvan under Safavid suzerainty between 1524—1535.
Shahrukh was the last Shirvanshah, governing Shirvan under Safavid suzerainty from 1535 to 1538. After persistent disloyalty, the Safavid shah (king) Tahmasp I expelled him, and made Shirvan a full administrative subunit of Safavid Iran. Subsequently, he appointed his brother Alqas Mirza as its governor.
Mehrab Mirza was the self-declared Shah of Shirvan after the death of Burhan Ali.
Gurban was the self-declared Shah of Shirvan after the downfall of Mehrab of Shirvan.
Gasim Mirza was the self-declared Shah of Shirvan after the death of Gurban Ali.
Kavus Mirza was the self-declared Shah of Shirvan in exile after the downfall of Gasim Mirza.
Abu Bakr Mirza was the final self-declared Shah of Shirvan after the downfall of Kavus Mirza.
The conquest of Shirvan was the first campaign of Ismail, the leader of the Safavid order. In late 1500, Ismail marched into Shirvan, and, despite heavily outnumbered, decisively defeated the then incumbent Shirvanshah Farrukh Yassar in a pitched battle, in which the latter and his entire army were killed. The conquest resulted in the toppling of the Shirvanshahs as autonomous rulers, who had ruled large parts of the Caucasus for centuries, and the incorporation of their domain.
Mirza Ata-Allah Isfahani was a high-ranking Persian statesman in the early Safavid era, who served as the vizier of Azerbaijan, Qarabagh, and Shirvan.
Shirvanshah's palace mausoleum or tomb of Shirvanshahs’ family is a historical monument of the XV century. Locating in Old City, it is a part of Palace of the Shirvanshahs complex. The mausoleum is one of the three buildings located in courtyard of the complex, the others being Shirvanshah's palace mosque and Shirvanshah's palace bath house.
The High Middle Ages, or Classic Feudalism Period in what constitutes the present-day Republic of Azerbaijan, lasted from around the 11th century to the 15th century AD. The High Middle Ages were preceded by the Early Middle Ages and were followed by the Late Middle Ages, which ended around the 15thcentury AD. Key historical trends of the High Middle Ages include the incorporation of the territories that constitute present-day Azerbaijan into the Seljuk Empire, the establishment of the Eldiguzids, the Mongol invasions and the rule of the Ilkhanate, the invasions of Timur and the establishment of the Turkoman Kara Koyunlu and Aq Qoyunlu tribal confederations.
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