Sam Fox | |
---|---|
31st United States Ambassador to Belgium | |
In office April 11, 2007 –January 2, 2009 | |
President | George W. Bush |
Preceded by | Tom C. Korologos |
Personal details | |
Born | Desloge,Missouri | May 9,1929
Alma mater | Washington University in St. Louis |
Profession | Businessman |
Sam Fox (born May 9,1929) is an American businessman in St. Louis,and the owner of Harbour Group Industries. He was the United States Ambassador to Belgium from April 11,2007 until January 2,2009. [1] [2] President George W. Bush appointed Fox to the post by a recess appointment on April 4,2007.
Fox was born in Desloge,Missouri [3] to Ukrainian Jewish immigrant Michel Fuks (later Max Fox),and Fanny Gold. Encouraged by an older sister to go to college,he saved money by working summers in Illinois canning peas and corn. He also sold Fuller brushes. [4] After moving in with the sister and her husband in St. Louis,he enrolled at Washington University in St. Louis,where he joined Sigma Alpha Mu fraternity. He graduated with a B.S./B.A. (Bachelor of Science,Business Administration) [5] with honors in business in 1951. During the Korean War,he served in the United States Naval Reserve.
In 1976,Fox founded the Harbour Group,an operating company that builds and acquires businesses where he served as chairman and CEO until 2007 when he left to be the U.S. Ambassador to Belgium. Upon his return to the United States in 2009,he resumed his role as chairman. Since its inception,Harbour Group has built and acquired more than 176 companies in 37 industries. [6]
For more than 40 years,Fox has been active in St. Louis civic affairs. He served two terms as chairman and one as president of the St. Louis Areas Council Boy Scouts of America;is former president of the board of commissioners of the Saint Louis Art Museum;and is a lifetime member of the Art Museum's board of trustees. In 2003 he also served as chair of the $63 million capital campaign of the United Way of Greater St. Louis. From 1998 to 2004 he served as chairman of a $1.5 billion capital campaign for his alma mater,Washington University in St. Louis,and from 1999 to 2001 he served as vice chairman of the board of trustees. In 2004 the university's board of trustees elected him a lifetime voting trustee. He serves or has served on the boards of the Barnes-Jewish Hospital,the Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra,the Saint Louis Science Center,the Saint Louis Zoo,the Opera Theatre of Saint Louis,the Arts and Education Council of St. Louis,the St. Louis Muny Opera,and Forest Park Forever. In 2003 he was named St. Louis Citizen of the Year by the Post-Dispatch and a committee of the award's former recipients. [4]
Outside of St.Louis,Fox serves on the boards of the Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans,based in Alexandria,Virginia;the King Baudouin Foundation United States,a New York-based nonprofit that helps U.S. donors achieve their philanthropic goals in Europe and Africa; [7] and The Washington Center,the largest independent,nonprofit academic internship program in the United States. [8] In addition,through the Fox Family Foundation,a private philanthropy he and his wife established in 1986,Fox has provided financial assistance to hundreds of charitable organizations in St. Louis and around the world. [4]
Fox has also received numerous other honors and awards,including the Woodrow Wilson Award for Corporate Citizenship,the Marco Polo Award from the People's Republic of China,the Thomas Jefferson Award from the Missouri Historical Society,and the Sword of Ignatius Loyola Award from Saint Louis University. In 2004,Washington University dedicated its new Sam Fox School of Design &Visual Arts,and also awarded him with an honorary doctorate of laws degree. Saint Louis University awarded Fox an honorary doctorate of public service in 2000. [9]
A major donor to the Republican Party, [10] Fox was a Bush Pioneer in 2000 and a "Ranger" in 2004,categories for donors who recruit others to donate. On October 15,2004, [11] [ citation needed ] Fox donated $50,000 to Swift Boat Veterans For Truth ("SBVT"),a 527 group that opposed John Kerry in the 2004 presidential election by claiming that Kerry exaggerated his service record. The SBVT has,in turn,been criticized for allegedly failing to substantiate many of their claims. [12] Fox noted that he made the donation after comparisons of President Bush to Adolf Hitler were posted on the website MoveOn.org. [13] (See Ambassadorial nomination section below.)
In later elections,Fox supported of the presidential candidacy of Mitt Romney and remained one of the most prominent Jewish donors to the Republican party. [10] Fox is a past chairman of the Republican Jewish Coalition. [14] President George W. Bush appointed Sam and Marilyn Fox to serve on the Honorary Delegation to accompany him to Jerusalem for the celebration of the 60th anniversary of the State of Israel in May 2008. [15]
Fox was an early supporter Josh Hawley and contributed to his campaign for Missouri Attorney General. He encouraged Hawley to run for US Senate against incumbent Claire McCaskill. After Hawley's support of the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol,Fox released a statement describing Hawley's actions as "reckless pandering" and a "disgrace." In the statement Fox said that his support for Hawley was a mistake and that he would not support the senator again. [16]
Fox was nominated for the position of Ambassador to Belgium in December 2006. [17] During his February 2007 hearing before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee,Fox was supported by both of Missouri's senators,Republican Kit Bond and Democrat Claire McCaskill,as well as by two former U.S. Senators from Missouri,John C. Danforth (Rep.) and Thomas F. Eagleton (Dem.). Danforth described him as "very bright...ebullient...(and) a soft touch," while Eagleton,in a letter,called him "the epitome of a humanitarian." [18] Fox faced lengthy questioning from John Kerry,the target of attacks by Swift Boat Veterans for Truth,a group to which Fox contributed in 2004. Kerry told Fox that he represented "the quintessential American Horatio Alger story" [18] and that his experience was "impressive... (and) a lot more than some people bring to this table." [18]
Kerry interrogated Fox for approximately 35 minutes,however,beginning with 20 minutes of questioning directly pertinent to the ambassadorial position for which Fox was nominated,such as the tensions over the U.S. Terrorist Finance Tracking Program which accessed transaction databases of the SWIFT network. Kerry continued with a series of questions related to Fox's financial support of SBVT,a 527 organization which had criticized Kerry's military record during the 2004 campaign. In response to the question from Kerry,"I assume that you believe the truth in public life is important," Fox answered,"Yes,sir." Kerry then followed with,"And might I ask you what your opinion is with respect to the state of American politics,as regards the politics of personal destruction?" to which Fox replied "I'm against 527s,I've always been against 527s....Senator Kerry,I very much respect your dedicated service to this country... Senator,you're a hero." In response to follow up questions from Kerry,Fox said he had given to the 527 that attacked him because "when we're asked we generally give." For example,he said,in the most recent two-year period,he had made more than 1,000 contributions,of which more than 100 were political. He did not express regret for his contribution to SBVT. He noted that 527s supporting both candidates in the electorate had made "mean and destructive" claims,and that a video posted on the MoveOn.com website has compared the President to Hitler. He said that as long as one side was making such claims,"politically it's necessary." [18]
On April 4,2007,while the Senate was in recess,Bush used his power of recess appointment to appoint Fox to the position. [19] This made Fox ambassador until the end of the next session of Congress,and effectively made him ambassador for the remainder of the Bush presidency. [20] [21]
Several Democratic Senators criticized Bush's decision to make a recess appointment when the nomination was no longer pending before Congress. [22] They also argued that this use of the recess appointment power was illegal because of statutory restrictions applicable to ambassadorships. [23]
Three Democratic senators wrote a letter to the Government Accountability Office on April 5,2007,calling for an investigation of whether President Bush's appointment of Sam Fox as U.S. ambassador to Belgium the previous day was legal. [24] The letter,submitted by Democrats Chris Dodd of Connecticut,John Kerry of Massachusetts and Robert Casey of Pennsylvania,read:"We view the recess appointment of Mr. Fox as a clear abuse of the President's recess appointment power." Dodd argued that the law that enables the president to make recess appointments was not created to get around the approval of the Senate. "This is really now taking the recess appointment vehicle and abusing this beyond anyone's imagination," Dodd said,according to AP. "This is a travesty." He said in a statement that what the President did was "deceptive at best and illegal at worst." [25]
The GAO,however,responded with an eight-page letter dated June 8,2007,that the appointment had been legal. Indeed,the letter said "an alternative interpretation that would preclude Mr. Fox from serving in a recess appointment would raise serious constitutional questions." [26]
Fox served as Ambassador from April 2007 to January 2009. In December 2009,the U.S. Department of State's Office Inspector General filed its official report on his tenure. The report noted that Fox had "come to his job with significant and relevant executive leadership in the private sector." It continued:
"By all accounts,he used his business acumen and experience to excellent effect,notably in two areas. The first was in building important relationships with both the Belgian and American business communities,and with senior Belgian Government officials charged with financial and trade matters. The second was his active and visible outreach to the Belgian community to improve the image and standing of the United States at a time when both were suffering as a result of Belgian misgivings about U.S. policies,such as the Iraq war. His efforts in both areas were judged highly successful." [27]
The report gave Fox particularly high marks for "shepherding to production a 20-minute film that highlights the closeness of Belgian-U.S. ties from the early 19th century. The film continues to play well to Belgian audiences and has been employed effectively to counter anti-American sentiment." [27] : 5
In 2012,three years after his term as Ambassador had ended,Fox's contributions were recognized with the Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown,bestowed by King Albert II.
John Claggett Danforth is an American politician,attorney and diplomat who began his career in 1968 as the Attorney General of Missouri and served three terms as United States Senator from Missouri. In 2004,he served briefly as United States Ambassador to the United Nations. Danforth is an ordained Episcopal priest.
The government of the U.S. state of Missouri is organized into the state government and local government,including county government,and city and municipal government.
Zell Bryan Miller was an American politician who served as the 79th governor of Georgia from 1991 to 1999 and as a United States senator representing Georgia from 2000 to 2005. He was a member of the Democratic Party.
In the United States,a recess appointment is an appointment by the president of a federal official when the U.S. Senate is in recess. Under the U.S. Constitution's Appointments Clause,the president is empowered to nominate,and with the advice and consent (confirmation) of the Senate,make appointments to high-level policy-making positions in federal departments,agencies,boards,and commissions,as well as to the federal judiciary. A recess appointment under Article II,Section 2,Clause 3 of the Constitution is an alternative method of appointing officials that allows the temporary filling of offices during periods when the Senate is not in session. It was anticipated that the Senate would be away for months at a time,so the ability to fill vacancies in important positions when the Senate is in recess and unavailable to provide advice and consent was deemed essential to maintain government function,as described by Alexander Hamilton in No. 67 of The Federalist Papers.
The 2004 presidential campaign of John Kerry,the longtime U.S. senator from Massachusetts,began when he formed an exploratory committee on December 1,2002. On September 2,2003,he formally announced his candidacy for the Democratic nomination. After beating John Edwards,Howard Dean,Wesley Clark,and other candidates in the primaries,he became the Democratic nominee,challenging Republican incumbent George W. Bush in the general election. Kerry selected Edwards as his running mate.
Swift Vets and POWs for Truth,formerly known as the Swift Boat Veterans for Truth (SBVT),was a political group of United States Swift boat veterans and former prisoners of war of the Vietnam War,formed during the 2004 presidential election campaign for the purpose of opposing John Kerry's candidacy for the presidency. The campaign inspired the widely used political pejorative "swiftboating",to describe an unfair or untrue political attack. The group disbanded and ceased operations on May 31,2008.
Mayer Jacob Hecht was an American Republican politician and diplomat who served as a United States Senator from Nevada from 1983 to 1989,and as U.S. Ambassador to the Bahamas from 1989 to 1993.
John Robert Bolton is an American attorney,diplomat,Republican consultant,and political commentator. He served as the 25th United States Ambassador to the United Nations from 2005 to 2006,and as the 26th United States National Security Advisor from 2018 to 2019.
The 2004 United States presidential election was the 55th quadrennial presidential election,held on Tuesday,November 2,2004. The Republican ticket of incumbent President George W. Bush and his running mate incumbent Vice President Dick Cheney were elected to a second term,defeating the Democratic ticket of John Kerry,a United States senator from Massachusetts and his running mate John Edwards,a United States senator from North Carolina. As of 2020,this is the only presidential election since 1988 in which the Republican nominee won the popular vote and the only presidential election since 1984 in which the incumbent Republican president won re-election. Due to the higher turnout,both major party nominees set records for the most popular votes received by a major party candidate for president;both men surpassed Reagan's record from 20 years earlier. At the time,Bush's 62,040,610 votes were the most received by any nominee for president,although this record would be broken four years later by Barack Obama. Bush also became the only incumbent president to win re-election after previously losing the popular vote.
The 2006 United States Senate election in Missouri was held November 7,2006,to decide who would serve as senator for Missouri between January 3,2007,and January 3,2013. The incumbent was Republican Jim Talent. Talent was elected in a special election in 2002 when he narrowly defeated incumbent Democrat Jean Carnahan. Carnahan had been appointed to the Senate seat following the posthumous election of her husband Mel Carnahan,who had died in a plane crash shortly before the 2000 election. Talent's Democratic opponent was Missouri State Auditor Claire McCaskill. Early on the morning of November 8,Talent conceded defeat to McCaskill,having faced considerable political headwinds. Talent lost the election with 47% of the vote,to 50% of the vote for McCaskill. This was the last election an incumbent Republican senator lost in Missouri.
Ellen Richmond Sauerbrey is an American politician from Maryland and the former head of the United States Department of State's Bureau of Population,Refugees,and Migration. She was nominated to the Bureau in September 2005 by President George W. Bush. On January 4,2006,Bush placed her in office by way of a recess appointment,bypassing the need for Senate confirmation. Her confirmation was unlikely,given strong objections by some senators. Sauerbrey's recess appointment caused some controversy;however,her experience as minority leader in the Maryland House of Delegates and managing a complex U.S. Census project helped rally others to her cause.
Melvin Floyd Sembler is an American former diplomat who was the United States Ambassador to Italy (2001–2005),and Ambassador to Australia and Nauru (1989–1993). He has also served as chairman of the board of the Sembler Company,which develops and manages shopping centers,and co-founder of Straight,Inc.,a controversial drug-treatment center. Sembler is the chairman of the Scooter Libby Legal Defense Trust,and was a co-chair of the Florida Finance Committee for Mitt Romney.
The 2004 United States presidential election in Missouri took place on November 2,2004,and was part of the 2004 United States presidential election. Voters chose 11 representatives,or electors to the Electoral College,who voted for president and vice president.
James Matthes Talent is an American politician who was a U.S. Senator from Missouri from 2002 to 2007. He is a Republican and resided in the St. Louis area while serving in elected office.
Eric Steven Edelman is an American diplomat who served as Under Secretary of Defense for Policy (2005–2009),U.S. Ambassador to Turkey (2003–2005),U.S. Ambassador to the Republic of Finland (1998–2001),and Principal Deputy Assistant to the Vice President for National Security Affairs (2001–2003). A career Foreign Service Officer,Edelman entered the Senior Foreign Service in 1992. He is a recipient of the Secretary of Defense's award for Distinguished Civilian Service (1993) and the State Department's Superior Honor Award.
Jeff Roe is an American political consultant and strategist for the Republican Party. He is the founder and principal of Axiom Strategies,a political consulting firm based in Kansas City,Missouri,with twelve offices in eight states. He formerly served as a chief of staff,campaign manager,and longtime aide for United States Representative Sam Graves.
Joshua David Hawley is an American politician and lawyer serving as the senior United States senator from Missouri,a seat he has held since 2019. A member of the Republican Party,Hawley served as the 42nd attorney general of Missouri from 2017 to 2019,before defeating two-term incumbent Democratic senator Claire McCaskill in the 2018 election.
The 2018 United States Senate election in Missouri took place on November 6,2018,to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of Missouri,concurrently with other elections to the United States Senate,elections to the United States House of Representatives,and various state and local elections,including Missouri's quadrennial State Auditor election.
William Francis Hagerty IV is an American politician,businessman,and diplomat serving as the junior United States senator from Tennessee since 2021. A member of the Republican Party,he served as the 30th United States ambassador to Japan from 2017 to 2019 under President Donald Trump.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)