Sam W. Heads

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Sam W. Heads
Born (1983-04-22) 22 April 1983 (age 40)
NationalityBritish
Alma mater University of Portsmouth Ph.D, 2009; B.Sc. (Hons), 2004
Occupation(s) Paleontologist, Entomologist
SpouseTina Louise Heads
Scientific career
Institutions University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 2009–
University of Portsmouth 2001–2009
Doctoral advisor Dr David M. Martill (University of Portsmouth)
Other academic advisorsProf. Dr. Paul A. Selden (University of Kansas)

Sam W. Heads (born 22 April 1983 in Northumberland, UK) is a British palaeontologist, a Fellow of the Linnean Society of London, a Fellow of the Royal Entomological Society, as well as a former Officer and Editor-in-Chief at the Orthopterists' Society. [1]

Contents

He received his training at the University of Portsmouth where he was awarded a B.Sc. (Hons) in Palaeobiology and Evolution in 2004 and a Ph.D. in Entomology in 2009. Dr. Heads is an authority on the taxonomy, systematics and palaeontology of Orthoptera. [2] He is based at the Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. [3]

Select publications

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Crato Formation</span> Geologic formation of Early Cretaceous age in northeastern Brazil

The Crato Formation is a geologic formation of Early Cretaceous (Aptian) age in northeastern Brazil's Araripe Basin. It is an important Lagerstätte for palaeontologists. The strata were laid down mostly during the Aptian age, about 113 million years ago. It thought to have been deposited in a semi-arid lacustrine wetland environment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gryllidae</span> Family of crickets

The family Gryllidae contains the subfamilies and genera which entomologists now term true crickets. Having long, whip-like antennae, they belong to the Orthopteran suborder Ensifera, which has been greatly reduced in the last 100 years : taxa such as the spider-crickets and allies, sword-tail crickets, wood or ground crickets and scaly crickets have been elevated to family level. The type genus is Gryllus and the first use of the family name "Gryllidae" was by Francis Walker.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mole cricket</span> Members of the insect family Gryllotalpidae

Mole crickets are members of the insect family Gryllotalpidae, in the order Orthoptera. Mole crickets are cylindrical-bodied, fossorial insects about 3–5 cm (1.2–2.0 in) long as adults, with small eyes and shovel-like fore limbs highly developed for burrowing. They are present in many parts of the world and where they have arrived in new regions, may become agricultural pests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ensifera</span> Suborder of cricket-like animals

Ensifera is a suborder of insects that includes the various types of crickets and their allies including: true crickets, camel crickets, bush crickets or katydids, grigs, weta and Cooloola monsters. This and the suborder Caelifera make up the order Orthoptera. Ensifera is believed to be a more ancient group than Caelifera, with its origins in the Carboniferous period, the split having occurred at the end of the Permian period. Unlike the Caelifera, the Ensifera contain numerous members that are partially carnivorous, feeding on other insects, as well as plants.

<i>Tapejara wellnhoferi</i> Genus of tapejarid pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous

Tapejara is a genus of Brazilian pterosaur from the Cretaceous Period. Tapejara crests consisted of a semicircular crest over the snout, and a bony prong which extended back behind the head. It was a small pterosaur, with a wingspan of approximately 1.23–1.3 metres (4.0–4.3 ft).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caelifera</span> Suborder of insects

The Caelifera are a suborder of orthopteran insects. They include the grasshoppers and grasshopper-like insects, as well as other superfamilies classified with them: the ground-hoppers (Tetrigoidea) and pygmy mole crickets (Tridactyloidea). The latter should not be confused with the mole crickets (Gryllotalpidae), which belong to the other Orthopteran sub-order Ensifera.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thalassodrominae</span> Subfamily of azhdarchoid pterosaurs from the Cretaceous period

Thalassodrominae or Thalassodromidae is a group of azhdarchoid pterosaurs from the Cretaceous period. Its traditional members come from Brazil, however, other possible members also come from other places, including the United States, Morocco, and Argentina. Thalassodrominae is considered either to be a subfamily within the pterosaur family Tapejaridae, or as a distinct family, Thalassodromidae, within the clade Neoazhdarchia, closely related to dsungaripterids or azhdarchids.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tridactylidae</span> Family of Caelifera

The Tridactylidae are a family in the insect order Orthoptera. They are small, mole-cricket-like insects, almost always less than 20 mm (0.79 in) long when mature. Generally they are shiny, dark or black, sometimes variegated or sandy-coloured. They commonly live in short tunnels and are commonly known as pygmy mole crickets, though they are not closely related to the true "mole crickets" (Ensifera), as they are included in the Caelifera suborder.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tridactyloidea</span> Superfamily of Caelifera

Tridactyloidea is a superfamily in the order Orthoptera. The insects are sometimes known as pygmy mole crickets but they are Caelifera and not members of the mole cricket suborder Ensifera, unlike the true mole crickets, the Gryllotalpidae. It is composed of three families that contain a total of about 50 species. Insects in this superfamily can be 4 to 9 millimeters in length and generally have short antennae and long wings. They live along the banks of bodies of water in tropical areas and are good swimmers and jumpers. Fossils of this subfamily have been found in Siberian deposits dating back to the Cretaceous.

<i>Brachytrupes megacephalus</i> Species of cricket

Brachytrupes megacephalus is a species of cricket in the family Gryllidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grylloidea</span> Superfamily of cricket-like animals

Grylloidea is the superfamily of insects, in the order Orthoptera, known as crickets. It includes the "true crickets", scaly crickets, wood crickets and other families, some only known from fossils.

Araripenymphes is an extinct genus of lacewing in the family Nymphidae known from fossils found in the Crato Formation of the Araripe Basin in South America. The genus contains a single species, Araripenymphes seldeni. The genus was named after the basin.

Rafaelnymphes is an extinct genus of lacewing in the family Nymphidae known from a fossil found in South America. The genus contains a single species, Rafaelnymphes cratoensis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gryllidea</span> Infraorder of cricket-like animals

Gryllidea is an infraorder that includes crickets and similar insects in the order Orthoptera. There are two superfamilies, and more than 6,000 described species in Gryllidea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Santana Group</span>

The Santana Group is a geologic group, formerly included as the middle part of the Araripe Group, in the Araripe Basin of northeastern Brazil. The group comprises the Crato, Ipubi and Romualdo Formations and is dated to the Aptian to Albian stages of the Early Cretaceous. The formations of the group were deposited in a lacustrine to subtidal shallow marine environment in the Araripe rift basin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ripipterygidae</span> Family of Caelifera

Ripipterygidae is a family of insects in the order Orthoptera. Members of the family are commonly known as mud crickets.

Tridactylus berlandi is a species of pygmy mole cricket endemic to Vietnam. The type specimen was taken from the southern region ("Cochinchine") and is deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, France.

2020 in paleoentomology is a list of new fossil insect taxa that were described during the year 2020, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleoentomology that were scheduled to occur during the year.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zhangsolvidae</span> Extinct family of flies

Zhangsolvidae is an extinct family of brachyceran flies known from the Cretaceous period. Members of the family possess a long proboscis, varying in length between 1.3 and 7 mm depending on the species, and were probably nectarivores. A specimen has been found with preserved Bennettitales pollen, suggesting that they acted as pollinators for extinct gymnosperms. They are considered to be members of the Stratiomyomorpha.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elcanidae</span> Extinct family of cricket-like animals

Elcanidae are an extinct family of Mesozoic and early Cenozoic orthopterans. Members of the family are distinguished by the presence of spurs on the distal part of the metatibia, unique among orthopterans, these have been suggested to have been used for controlling gliding, swimming aids, or for jumping on water. The group combines characteristics from both major groups of orthopterans, with long antennae and nymphal morphology similar to Ensifera, but with wing venation and adult morphology more similar to Caelifera. Elcanidae is part of Elcanoidea, which is thought to have diverged from living orthopterans by the beginning of the Permian, around 300 million years ago. The family also includes Permelcanidae, known from the Early-Late Permian. The relationship of Elcanoidea to Ensifera and Caelifera is currently unresolved. Elcanids are known from the Late Triassic to Paleocene of Eurasia, North and South America. Some members of the group exhibited aposematic coloration.

References

  1. "The Orthopterists' Society". 140.247.119.138. Archived from the original on 13 August 2006. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
  2. "The Orthopterists' Society". 140.247.119.138. Archived from the original on 13 August 2006. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
  3. "W. Heads--Illinois Natural History Survey". Archived from the original on 5 March 2010. Retrieved 1 November 2009.
  4. Heads, Sam W.; Wang, Yinan (May 2013). "First Fossil Record of Melanoplus differentialis (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Melanoplinae)". Entomological News. 123 (1): 33–37. doi:10.3157/021.123.0108. ISSN   0013-872X. S2CID   84197628.
  5. Heads, Sam W.; Taylor, Steven J.; Krejca, Jean K. (October 2013). "First Record of Scapteriscus abbreviatus from Belize (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae)". Entomological News. 123 (3): 241–244. doi:10.3157/021.123.0311. ISSN   0013-872X. S2CID   86079147.
  6. Hollier, John; Heads, Sam William (March 2014). "The type specimens of Orthoptera described by American entomologists in the collection of the Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Genève". Revue Suisse de Zoologie. 121 (1): 63–76. ISSN   0035-418X.
  7. Barling, Nathan; Heads, Sam W.; Martill, David M. (1 October 2013). "A new parasitoid wasp (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil: The first Mesozoic Pteromalidae". Cretaceous Research. 45: 258–264. Bibcode:2013CrRes..45..258B. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2013.05.001. ISSN   0195-6671.
  8. "An annotated list of the Orthoptera (Insecta) species described by Henri de Saussure, with an account of the primary type material housed in the Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Genève, Part 5: Grylloidea | Request PDF". ResearchGate. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  9. Jepson, James E.; Heads, Sam W.; Makarkin, Vladimir N.; Ren, Dong (2013). "New fossil mantidflies (Insecta: Neuroptera: Mantispidae) from the Mesozoic of north-eastern China". Palaeontology. 56 (3): 603–613. Bibcode:2013Palgy..56..603J. doi: 10.1111/pala.12005 . ISSN   1475-4983. S2CID   55218976.
  10. Heads, Sam W.; Penney, David; Green, David I. (22 October 2012). "A new fossil cricket of the genus Proanaxipha in Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Pentacentrinae)". ZooKeys (229): 111–118. Bibcode:2012ZooK..229..111H. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.229.3678 . ISSN   1313-2989. PMC   3494006 . PMID   23166475.
  11. Fuente, Ricardo Pérez-de La; Heads, Sam W.; Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A.; Engel, Michael S. (January 2012). "The first record of Protogryllinae from the Jurassic of India (Orthoptera: Protogryllidae)". Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. 85 (1): 53–58. doi:10.2317/JKES111103.1. ISSN   0022-8567. S2CID   83496373.
  12. "An annotated list of the Orthoptera (Insecta) species described by Henri de Saussure, with an account of the primary type specimens housed in the Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Genève, Part 1: The Tridactyloidea (Caelifera) | Request PDF". ResearchGate. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  13. "New mole crickets of the genus Scapteriscus Scudder from Colombia (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae; Scapteriscinae)". ResearchGate. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  14. Heads, Sam; Taylor, Steven (2 October 2012). "A new species of Ripipteryx from Belize with a key to the species of the Scrofulosa Group (Orthoptera, Ripipterygidae)". ZooKeys (169): 1–8. Bibcode:2012ZooK..169....1H. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.169.2531 . ISSN   1313-2970. PMC   3278811 . PMID   22371682.
  15. Heads, Sam; Leuzinger, Léa (26 January 2011). "On the placement of the Cretaceous orthopteran Brauckmannia groeningae from Brazil, with notes on the relationships of Schizodactylidae (Orthoptera, Ensifera)". ZooKeys (77): 17–30. Bibcode:2011ZooK...77...17H. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.77.769 . ISSN   1313-2970. PMC   3088056 . PMID   21594149.
  16. Günther, Kurt K. (22 April 2008). "Die Tridactyloidea-Fauna Kolumbiens (Orthoptera, Caelifera) 'The Tridactyloidea of Colombia (Orthoptera, Caelifera)'". Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift. 41 (1): 1–56. doi:10.1002/mmnd.19940410102. ISSN   1435-1951.
  17. Ricardo., Gómez L. de Guevara (1992). Estudio faunístico y ecológico de los caelifera (orthoptera, insecta) de la Sierra del Taibilla (Albacete). Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha. ISBN   84-88255-11-X. OCLC   435378980.
  18. Heads, Sam W. (2010). "A new species of Ripipteryx from the Ecuadorian Andes (Orthoptera: Tridactyloidea: Ripipterygidae)". Zootaxa. 2476: 23–29. doi:10.5281/zenodo.195303.
  19. "The first fossil spider cricket (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Phalangopsinae)" . Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  20. Heads, Sam W.; Maehr, Michael D. (20 October 2009). "Proposed conservation of the name Gastrimargus Saussure, 1884 (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Oedipodinae) threatened by an unused senior homonym". Zootaxa. 2268 (1): 65–68–65–68. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2268.1.6. ISSN   1175-5334.
  21. "PBDB". paleobiodb.org. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  22. Song, Hojun; Amédégnato, Christiane; Cigliano, María Marta; Desutter Grandcolas, Laure; Heads, Sam W.; Huang, Yuan; Otte, Daniel; Whiting, Michael F. (2015). "300 million years of diversification: elucidating the patterns of orthopteran evolution based on comprehensive taxon and gene sampling". Cladistics. 31 (6): 621–651. doi: 10.1111/cla.12116 . hdl: 11336/10677 . ISSN   0748-3007. PMID   34753270. S2CID   53702892.
  23. "The enigmatic Mesozoic insect taxon Chresmodidae (Polyneoptera): New …". archive.ph. 15 June 2014. Archived from the original on 15 June 2014. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  24. Heads, Sam; Martill, David; Loveridge, Bob (2008). "Palaeoentomological paradise: the Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil". Antenna, Bulletin of the Royal Entomological Society. 32 (2): 91–98. ISSN   0140-1890.
  25. "New Records of the Slender Ground-hopper Tetrix subulata from Yorkshire (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) - Research Database, The University of York". pure.york.ac.uk. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  26. Heads, Sam W.; Taylor, Steve; Swanson, Daniel R.; Thomas, Michael J. (30 January 2015). "Regional biodiversity of terrestrial Heteroptera and Orthoptera in southwestern Illinois". Technical Report Inhs 2015 (04).