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Beylerbey or Beylerbeyi was a high rank in the western Islamic world in the late Middle Ages and early modern period, from the Seljuks of Rum and the Ilkhanids to Safavid Persia and the Ottoman Empire. Initially designating a commander-in-chief, it eventually came to be held by senior provincial governors. In Ottoman usage, where the rank survived the longest, it designated the governors-general of some of the largest and most important provinces, although in later centuries it became devalued into a mere honorific title. Its equivalents in Arabic were amir al-umara, and in Persian, mir-i miran.
The Eyalet of Rumeli, or Eyalet ofRumelia, known as the Beylerbeylik of Rumeli until 1591, was a first-level province of the Ottoman Empire encompassing most of the Balkans ("Rumelia"). For the most part of its history, it was the largest and most important province of the Empire, containing key cities such as Edirne, Yanina (Ioannina), Sofia, Filibe (Plovdiv), Manastır/Monastir (Bitola), Üsküp (Skopje), and the major seaport of Selanik/Salonica (Thessaloniki). It was also among the oldest Ottoman eyalets, lasting more than 500 years with several territorial restructurings over the long course of its existence.
The Eyalet of the Morea was a first-level province (eyalet) of the Ottoman Empire, centred on the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece.
The Eyalet of the Archipelago was a first-level province (eyalet) of the Ottoman Empire. From its inception until the Tanzimat reforms of the mid-19th century, it was under the personal control of the Kapudan Pasha, the commander-in-chief of the Ottoman Navy.
The Sanjak of Inebahti or Aynabahti was a second-level Ottoman province encompassing the central parts of Continental Greece. Its name derives from its capital, Inebahti/Aynabahti, the Turkish name for Naupaktos, better known in English with its Italian name, Lepanto.
The Sanjak of Tirhala or Trikala was second-level Ottoman province encompassing the region of Thessaly. Its name derives from the Turkish version of the name of the town of Trikala. It was established after the conquest of Thessaly by the Ottomans led by Turahan Bey, a process which began at the end of the 14th century and ended in the mid-15th century.
The Sanjak of Preveza was a second-level Ottoman province centred on the town of Preveze (Preveza) in southern Epirus, now part of Greece.
The Sanjak of Rodos or Rhodes was a second-level Ottoman province encompassing the Dodecanese or Southern Sporades islands, with Rhodes as its centre.
The Sanjak of Gelibolu or Gallipoli was a second-level Ottoman province encompassing the Gallipoli Peninsula and a portion of southern Thrace. Gelibolu was the first Ottoman province in Europe, and for over a century the main base of the Ottoman Navy. Thereafter, and until the 18th century, it served as the seat of the Kapudan Pasha and capital of the Eyalet of the Archipelago.
The Sanjak of Vize was a second-level Ottoman province encompassing the region of Vize in Eastern Thrace. After 1849 its seat was moved to Tekfürtaği, and until its end ca. 1920 the province was known as the Sanjak of Tekfürtaği.
The Sanjak of Çirmen or Chirmen was a second-level Ottoman province encompassing the region of Çirmen (mod. Ormenio in Thrace. It was succeeded in 1829 by the Sanjak of Edirne.
The Sanjak of Salonica or Selanik was a second-level Ottoman province encompassing the environs of the city of Thessalonica and the Chalcidice peninsula.
The Sanjak of Kavala was a second-level Ottoman province encompassing the region around the port town of Kavala in eastern Macedonia.
The Sanjak of Drama was a second-level Ottoman province encompassing the region around the town of Drama in eastern Macedonia.
The Sanjak of Siroz or Serres was a second-level Ottoman province encompassing the region around the town of Serres in central Macedonia.
The Sanjak of Ankara was a second-level province (sanjak) of the Ottoman Empire.
The Sanjak of Kütahya was a second-level province (sanjak) of the Ottoman Empire.
The Sanjak of Biga was a second-level Ottoman province, roughly corresponding to the modern Çanakkale Province of Turkey.
The Sanjak of Kocaeli was a second-level Ottoman province with capital at Iznikmid/Izmid.
The Sanjak of Suğla was a second-level Ottoman province encompassing the region around Smyrna and to its south, around Söke.
References
- ↑ Birken 1976, p. 118.
- ↑ Birken 1976, p. 135.