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Sara Dye (born 1945) is a physician and surgeon who has worked with Native American tribes in Oklahoma and South Dakota. Dye was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma in 1945 and is a member of both Sac and Fox Nation and the Shawnee. [1]
Upon reaching graduation of high school, a counselor discouraged Dye from becoming a physician, so Dye decided to pursue a career in x-ray technology. [1] Receiving the highest grade on her x-ray technician exit exams, Dye decided to study medicine again. In 1968, Dye enrolled at Northeastern Oklahoma State University for her undergraduate, where she graduated with a 3.8 in pre-med. [1] In 1971, Dye continued her education at the Dartmouth Medical School in New Hampshire, and in 1975 she graduated with her Doctorate in Medicine. [1] Later in 1983, Dye returned and completed a residency with Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center of New Hampshire. [1]
Returning to Oklahoma, Dye took a position as a general medical officer in Claremore Indian Hospital. In 1983, after completing a residency in general surgery, Dye became the sixteenth practicing Native American Surgeon in the United States, [1] when she was named the staff surgeon at Carl Albert Indian Hospital. Dye continued working there for the next ten years working in research, women's health, and preventive healthcare [2] and as director of the Non-Invasive Vascular Laboratory. [1] Dye also worked with the Indian Health services in Administration/management, and research and training during her time in Ada, Oklahoma. [2] In between her hospital work and IHS work, Dye served on the admission board of the University of Oklahoma College of Medicine. [1]
In 1994 Dye moved to Aberdeen, South Dakota to accept a position with the Indian Health Service as the chief medical officer. [1] Starting at the same time, Dye became a consulting surgeon at Cheyenne River Indian Hospital. [1] As the chief medical officer, Dye stood on committees for Infant Mortality Study (IMS) and the Perinatal Infant Mortality Review (PRMR). [3] Those committees look into the infant mortality rates of the Native American populations and SIDS or Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. [3]
Dye started teaching in 2003 [1] when she took an Assistant Professor position at the University of South Dakota. Dye continues to teach in Aberdeen, South Dakota as a Clinical Assistant Professor [4] with a focus in Family medicine for the University of South Dakota's Sanford School of Medicine.
Virginia Apgar was an American physician, obstetrical anesthesiologist and medical researcher, best known as the inventor of the Apgar score, a way to quickly assess the health of a newborn child immediately after birth in order to combat infant mortality. In 1952, she developed the 10-point Apgar score to assist physicians and nurses in assessing the status of newborns. Given at one minute and five minutes after birth, the Apgar test measures a child's breathing, skin color, reflexes, motion, and heart rate. A friend said, "She probably did more than any other physician to bring the problem of birth defects out of back rooms." She was a leader in the fields of anesthesiology and teratology, and introduced obstetrical considerations to the established field of neonatology.
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