Ada, Oklahoma

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Ada, Oklahoma
City
Ada City Hall, Ada, Oklahoma.jpg
Ada City Hall
OKMap-doton-Ada.PNG
Location in the state of Oklahoma
Coordinates: 34°45′49″N96°40′06″W / 34.76361°N 96.66833°W / 34.76361; -96.66833
Country United States
State Oklahoma
County Pontotoc
Post Office1891
Government
 • TypeCity Council
 •  Mayor Tre' Landrum, D.O.
Area
[1]
 • Total20.20 sq mi (52.32 km2)
 • Land20.14 sq mi (52.17 km2)
 • Water0.06 sq mi (0.15 km2)  0%
Elevation
[2]
1,011 ft (308 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total16,481
 • Density818.20/sq mi (315.90/km2)
 •  Demonym
Adan
Time zone UTC-6 (CST)
 • Summer (DST) UTC-5 (CDT)
ZIP codes
74820-74821
Area code 580
FIPS code 40-00200 [3]
GNIS feature ID2409660 [2]
Website adaok.com

Ada is a city in and the county seat of Pontotoc County, Oklahoma, United States. [4] The population was 16,481 at the 2020 United States Census. The city was named for Ada Reed, the daughter of an early settler, and was incorporated in 1901. [5] Ada is home to East Central University, and is the capital of the Chickasaw Nation. Ada is an Oklahoma Main Street City, an Oklahoma Certified City, and a Tree City USA member. [5]

Contents

History

Pontotoc County Courthouse in Ada PontCoCH.jpg
Pontotoc County Courthouse in Ada

In the late 1880s, the Daggs family (by way of Texas) became the first white family to settle what is now known as Ada, which was formerly known as Daggs Prairie. In April 1889, Jeff Reed (a Texan and relative of the Daggs family) was appointed to carry the mail from Stonewall to Center (which was later combined with Pickett), two small communities in then Indian Territory. With his family and his stock, he sought a place for a home on a prairie midway between the two points, where he constructed a log house and started Reed's Store. Other settlers soon built homes nearby. In 1891, a post office was established and named after Reed's oldest daughter, Ada. [6] Ada incorporated as a city in 1901 and grew rapidly with the arrival of the St. Louis and San Francisco Railway line. Within a decade the Santa Fe Railroad and the Oklahoma Central Railway also served the town. [7]

Ada was originally a sundown town, where African Americans were not allowed to live. In the 1900s, the town was opened up to African Americans so that black witnesses could stay while testifying in district court. Despite a violent episode in 1904, the town remained open to African Americans to provide labor for a local cotton compress. [8] [9] [10]

In 1909, the women of Ada organized an effort to build a normal school in their city. It resulted in the founding of East Central College (now East Central University). [7]

On April 19, 1909, an organized mob hanged four men, among whom was American outlaw Deacon Jim Miller, who was set to be tried for the murder of a former U.S. marshal and member of the local freemason lodge. [11] The town had a population of about 5,000 at the time, and 38 murders a year at the time of the lynching. [11] The Daily Ardmoreite reported that the four lynched men were "one of the bloodiest band of murderers in the state of Oklahoma and an organization of professional assassins, that for a record of blood crimes, probably has no equal in the annals of criminal history in the entire southwest". [12]

The first manufacturing company in Ada, the Portland Cement Company, installed the first cement clinker in Oklahoma in 1910. American Glass Casket Company began manufacturing glass caskets in 1916, but the business failed. Hazel Atlas Glass bought the plant in 1928 and produced glass products until 1991. [7]

National Register of Historic Places

The following sites in Ada are listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Pontotoc County, Oklahoma: [13]

Culture

Geography

Ada is located in the rolling hills of southeastern Oklahoma. Ada is 88 miles (142 km) from Oklahoma City, 122 mi (196 km) from Tulsa, and 133 mi (214 km) from Dallas, Texas. [5]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 15.8 square miles (40.9 km2), of which 15.7 square miles (40.7 km2) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.3 km2) (0.44%) is water.

Climate

Climate data for Ada, Oklahoma
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °F (°C)84
(29)		90
(32)		96
(36)		99
(37)		100
(38)		106
(41)		109
(43)		116
(47)		109
(43)		98
(37)		88
(31)		85
(29)		116
(47)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)51
(11)		56
(13)		65
(18)		75
(24)		80
(27)		89
(32)		94
(34)		94
(34)		87
(31)		76
(24)		64
(18)		54
(12)		74
(23)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)30
(−1)		34
(1)		41
(5)		50
(10)		59
(15)		67
(19)		71
(22)		70
(21)		63
(17)		52
(11)		40
(4)		33
(1)		51
(11)
Record low °F (°C)−10
(−23)		1
(−17)		3
(−16)		23
(−5)		34
(1)		42
(6)		55
(13)		50
(10)		34
(1)		19
(−7)		11
(−12)		—−10
(−23)
Average precipitation inches (mm)2.1
(53)		2.1
(53)		2.7
(69)		4
(100)		5.9
(150)		4.4
(110)		2.8
(71)		3.2
(81)		3.4
(86)		3.6
(91)		2.4
(61)		2.3
(58)		38.8
(990)
Average snowfall inches (cm)2.7
(6.9)		1.3
(3.3)		0.8
(2.0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0
(0)		0.6
(1.5)		5.4
(14)
Source: Weatherbase [14]

Demographics

Picture taken on Broadway of the former Stout family residence with one of the city's water towers behind it. Broadway - Watertower.jpg
Picture taken on Broadway of the former Stout family residence with one of the city's water towers behind it.
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1910 4,349—
1920 8,01284.2%
1930 11,26140.6%
1940 15,14334.5%
1950 15,9955.6%
1960 14,347−10.3%
1970 14,8593.6%
1980 15,9027.0%
1990 15,820−0.5%
2000 15,691−0.8%
2010 16,8107.1%
2020 16,481−2.0%
Sources: [3] [15] [16] [17]

2020 census

Ada Racial Composition [18]
RaceNum.Perc.
White 8,94254.26%
Black or African American 6964.22%
Native American 2,77716.85%
Asian 3011.83%
Pacific Islander 80.05%
Other/Mixed 2,47615.02%
Hispanic or Latino 1,2817.77%

As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 16,481 people, 6,611 households, and 3,552 families residing in the city.

Language offerings for audio tours at the Chickasaw Cultural Center, including Chickasaw, English, and Spanish. Chickasawlanguageaudiotour.jpg
Language offerings for audio tours at the Chickasaw Cultural Center, including Chickasaw, English, and Spanish.

2010 census

As of the 2010 census, Ada's 16,810 residents consisted of 6,697 households and 3,803 families. The population density was 999.3 inhabitants per square mile (385.8/km2). The 7,862 housing units were dispersed at an average density of 475.9 per square mile (183.7/km2). Ada's 2006 racial makeup was 73.81% White, 3.54% African American, 15.10% Native American, 0.83% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.89% from other races, and 5.81% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 2.89% of the population.

Of Ada's 6,697 households, 25.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.6% were married couples living together, 12.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.2% were non-families. The 15.8% of those 65 years or older living alone made up a substantial portion of the 37.1% single-person households. Average household size was 2.20 persons; average family size was 2.91.

The age breakdown in 2006 was 22.3% under the age of 18, 17.5% from 18 to 24, 24.4% from 25 to 44, 18.9% from 45 to 64, and 17.0% aged 65 or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females aged 18 or over, there were 84.5 males, while for all ages, there were 100 females for every 88.4 males.

Median household income was $22,977, while median family income was $31,805. Males had a median income of $25,223 versus $17,688 for females. Ada's per capita income was $14,666. Some 14.8% of families and 21.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.8% of those under 18 and 11.4% of those 65 or over.

An estimated 2,000-3,000 residents speak the Chickasaw language. [19]

Economy

The economy of Ada is diversified. In the mid and late 20th century, the town was a manufacturing center, producing products such as Wrangler jeans, auto parts, cement and concrete, plasticware, and other products. Since the start of the 21st century, manufacturers have made major investments in expansions and new technology. [20] [21] [22]

In 1975, the Chickasaw Nation opened its headquarters in Ada. [23] [7] Revenues for the Nation were over 12 billion dollars in 2011, most of which is funneled through Ada. [24] The Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Center, a large water research lab staffed by the Environmental Protection Agency, opened in 1966. [7] LegalShield, a multi-level marketing provider of pre-paid legal services, is headquartered in the city. Oil and natural gas remain a part of the regional economy.

The largest employers in the region are: [25]

Education

ECU's Honor Plaza ECUTiger.jpg
ECU's Honor Plaza

Higher education

East Central University, located in Ada, is a public four-year institution that has been in operation since 1909. ECU serves roughly 4,500 students is known internationally for its cartography program, as only a few such programs exist.[ citation needed ] ECU is also home to an Environmental Health Science Program, one of only 30 programs nationally accredited by the National Environmental Health Science and Protection Accreditation Council (EHAC). [26]

Primary and secondary

Ada Public Schools has six primary and secondary schools.

Latta Public Schools has one high school in Ada: Latta High School

Technical school

Pontotoc Technology Center (formerly Pontotoc Area Vo-Tech) is located in Ada.

Infrastructure

Highways

Major highways are:

Rail

Rail Freight is serviced by BNSF and a Union Pacific shoreline.

Air

The Ada Regional Airport (FAA Identifier: ADH), owned and operated by the City of Ada, is located two miles north of downtown, and is home to two major aeronautical industries—General Aviation Modifications, Inc. and Tornado Alley Turbo. [27] From the early 1950s well into the 1960s, the airport was served by Central Airlines. [28] [29]

Media

Radio

AM

  • KADA/1230: rock “Pirate Radio” (simulcasts on FM translator K272FW).

FM

  • KAJT/88.7: religion “Son Life Radio”.
  • KAKO/91.3: religion (American Family Radio).
  • KOUA/91.9: public radio (NPR affiliate).
  • KADA-FM/99.3: oldies “Cool 99.3”.
FM translators
  • K212FZ/90.3: religion “K-Love”
  • K250AU/97.9: public radio (relays KOUA)
  • K272FW/102.3: rock (relays KADA (AM)).
  • K286BB/105.1: religion “The Gospel Station”.

Notable people

Because of its short, palindromic spelling with frequently used letters, Ada is a very common crossword puzzle answer. Associated clues often include "Oklahoma city", "Oklahoma palindrome", and "Sooner State city." [50]

Controversies

In 1987, journalist Robert Mayer published The Dreams of Ada exploring major flaws, irregularities, forced confessions, and possible miscarriages of justice in Ada in the convictions of Tommy Ward and Karl Fontenot for the rape and murder of Denice Haraway, who died in 1984.

In 2006, John Grisham brought Ada into the national spotlight in his nonfiction work The Innocent Man , relating a similar story in the convictions of Ron Williamson and Dennis Fritz for the murder of Debra Sue Carter. After 12 years on death row, DNA evidence proved the men's innocence and established the guilt of the prosecution's main witness. Similar problems surrounded the trials of the two men convicted for the murder of Denice Haraway. Prosecutor Bill Peterson has self-published his disagreements with Grisham's version of events. [51] [52] [53]

In 2018, Grisham's book was adapted into a Netflix series, also titled The Innocent Man , combining and extending the cases outlined in his and Mayer's books.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pontotoc County, Oklahoma</span> County in Oklahoma, United States

Pontotoc County is in the south central part of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 38,065. Its county seat is Ada. The county was created at statehood from part of the Chickasaw Nation in Indian Territory. It was named for a historic Chickasaw tribal area in Mississippi. According to the Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, Pontotoc is usually translated "cattail prairie" or "land of hanging grapes."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Murray County, Oklahoma</span> County in Oklahoma, United States

Murray County is a county located in the southern part of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 13,904. The county seat is Sulphur. The county was named for William H. Murray, a member and president of the Oklahoma Constitutional Convention and later a Governor of Oklahoma.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">McClain County, Oklahoma</span> County in Oklahoma, United States

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pontotoc County, Mississippi</span> County in Mississippi, United States

Pontotoc County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 31,184. Its county seat is Pontotoc. It was created on February 9, 1836, from lands ceded to the United States under the Chickasaw Cession. Pontotoc is a Chickasaw word meaning "land of hanging grapes". The original Natchez Trace and the current-day Natchez Trace Parkway both pass through the southeast corner of Pontotoc County.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pontotoc, Mississippi</span> City in Mississippi, United States

Pontotoc is a city in and the county seat of Pontotoc County, Mississippi, located to the west of the larger city of Tupelo. The population was 5,625 at the 2010 census. Pontotoc is a Chickasaw word that means, “Land of the Hanging Grapes.” A section of the city largely along Main Street and Liberty Street has been designated the Pontotoc Historic District and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Treaty of Pontotoc Site is also listed on the National Register. The Treaty of Pontotoc Creek, part of U.S. president Andrew Jackson's Indian Removal policy, ceded millions of acres of Native American lands and relocated the Chicakasaw west of the Mississippi River.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chickasha, Oklahoma</span> City in Oklahoma, United States

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">East Central University</span> Public university in Ada, Oklahoma

East Central University is a public university in Ada, Oklahoma. It is part of Oklahoma's Regional University System. Beyond its flagship campus in Ada, the university has courses available in McAlester, Shawnee, and Durant, as well as online courses. Founded as East Central State Normal School in 1909, its present name was adopted in 1985. Some of its more prominent alumni include former Microsoft COO B. Kevin Turner, Modernist painter Leon Polk Smith, former NFL player Mark Gastineau, past governors Robert S. Kerr and George Nigh, former U.S. Representative Lyle Boren, Oklahoma Supreme Court Justice Tom Colbert, and U.S. Army General James D. Thurman.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chickasaw Nation</span> Native American tribe based in Oklahoma

The Chickasaw Nation is a federally recognized Native American tribe with headquarters in Ada, Oklahoma, in the United States. They are an Indigenous people of the Southeastern Woodlands, originally from northern Mississippi, northwestern Alabama, southwestern Kentucky, and western Tennessee. Today, the Chickasaw Nation is the 13th largest tribe in the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chickasaw Turnpike</span> Highway in Oklahoma

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bill Anoatubby</span> 30th Governor of the Chickasaw Nation

Billy Joe Anoatubby is the 30th Governor of the Chickasaw Nation, a position he has held since 1987. From 1979 to 1987, Anoatubby served two terms as Lieutenant Governor of the Chickasaw Nation in the administration of Governor Overton James, after being popularly elected to office. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

<i>The Innocent Man: Murder and Injustice in a Small Town</i> 2006 true crime book by John Grisham

The Innocent Man: Murder and Injustice in a Small Town is a 2006 true crime book by John Grisham, his only nonfiction title as of 2020. The book tells the story of Ronald 'Ron' Keith Williamson of Ada, Oklahoma, a former minor league baseball player who was wrongly convicted in 1988 of the rape and murder of Debra Sue Carter in Ada and was sentenced to death. After serving 11 years on death row, he was exonerated by DNA evidence and other material introduced by the Innocence Project and was released in 1999.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ron Williamson</span> American baseball player wrongly convicted of murder (1953–2004)

Ronald Keith Williamson was a former minor league baseball catcher/pitcher who was one of two men wrongly convicted in 1988 in Oklahoma for the rape and murder of Debra Sue "Debbie" Carter. His former friend Dennis Fritz was sentenced to life imprisonment, while Williamson was sentenced to death. Both were released 11 years later when DNA evidence proved their innocence. Their story became the subject of bestselling author John Grisham's first nonfiction book, The Innocent Man: Murder and Injustice in a Small Town (2006), and the adapted Netflix docu-series of the same name.

Rudolph Hargrave served as a justice of the Oklahoma Supreme Court from 1978 until his retirement on December 31, 2010. Before being elevated to the highest court, he was a superior court and district judge for Seminole County from 1969 to 1978.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Central Oklahoma</span>

South Central Oklahoma is an amorphous region in the state of Oklahoma, perhaps encompassing 10 counties. It is centered on the Arbuckle Mountains, an ancient, eroded range traversing some 70 miles (110 km) across the region, and surrounded by rivers and lakes, notably Lake Texoma, Lake Murray and Lake of the Arbuckles. For tourism purposes, the Oklahoma Department of Tourism has more narrowly defined South Central Oklahoma, which they refer to as Chickasaw Country, as being a seven-county region including Pontotoc, Johnston, Marshall, Garvin, Murray, Carter, and Love counties. A ten-county definition might also include Coal, Atoka, and Bryan counties, although the Department of Tourism includes those in Choctaw Country. The Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma covers the eastern third of the region. Its headquarters is in Durant, and its capitol building, now a museum, is in Tuskahoma. The Chickasaw Nation lies within the region, with the tribal capitol building located at Tishomingo and its headquarters in Ada. The Chickasaw Nation, which runs "Chickasawcountry.com"., promotes the idea of Chickasaw Country as the 13 south-central Oklahoma counties that comprise the Chickasaw Nation, being the Tourism Department’s seven counties plus Coal, Bryan, Jefferson, Stephens, Grady, and McClain counties.

References

  1. ↑ "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
  2. 1 2 U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Ada, Oklahoma
  3. 1 2 "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  4. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  5. 1 2 3 "About Ada". August 12, 2007. Archived from the original on August 12, 2007. Retrieved September 12, 2018.
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  7. 1 2 3 4 5 "OHS Publications Division". May 5, 2016. Archived from the original on May 5, 2016. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
  8. ↑ "After Negroes in Ada, I.T." Arkansas City Daily Traveler . Arkansas City, Kansas. March 30, 1904. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com. Until recently the people of Ada, a town of 300, have refused to allow negroes to reside within the corporation. As district court is held there it became necessary to secure some place where negro witnesses might stay during the session. Judge Townsend induced the people to allow a negro restaurant to be established. Following this barber shops, stores and hotels were put up by negroes. Notices were served on these people by unknown parties that unless they left the town immediately they must suffer the consequences. They refused to leave and last night a negro restaurant was blown up by dynamite and an occupant of the building seriously injured. ... As a cotton compress is to begin operations here next fall considerable negro labor will be required, and most citizens now believe negroes should be allowed to live there.
  9. ↑ "Used Dynamite". Alexandria Daily Town Talk. Alexandria, Louisiana. March 31, 1904. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com. Unknown parties dynamited the house of Lum Williams, seriously injuring one negro and demolishing the building. The negroes occupying the house had been warned several times not to let the sun go down on them in Ada. The card of warning was signed 'Old Danger.' Heretofore negroes were not allowed to live in Ada, and these were only allowed to stay to accommodate the negroes attending court. After court they refused to leave.
  10. ↑ "Considers Conspiracy Law". The Wagoner Echo. Wagoner, Indian Territory. November 19, 1904. p. 5 – via Newspapers.com. Now in Durant and other towns in the Central District, and for that matter, in Holdenville, Ada and other towns in the territory notices had been posted for the Negroes not to let the sun go down on them in said towns.
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  45. ↑ Oral Roberts, Tulsa World Special Projects Page (accessed July 26, 2013)
  46. ↑ Puit, Glenn (April 4, 2017). "Ole Red Blake Shelton launches new bar/restaurant in downtown Tishomingo". theadanews.com. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
  47. ↑ "This Oklahoma student is excited she's reading a textbook used by Blake Shelton. Her mother is not". wkbw.com. CNN. April 6, 2018. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
  48. ↑ Leon Polk Smith Scholarship, Art Department Scholarships Archived 2014-08-12 at the Wayback Machine , East Central University. (accessed July 26, 2013)
  49. ↑ Dwyer, Jim. "Ronald Williamson, Freed From Death Row, Dies at 51," New York Times, December 9, 2004. (accessed July 26, 2013)
  50. ↑ "ADA". Crossword Tracker. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
  51. ↑ Frontline: burden of innocence (accessed November 13, 2008)
  52. ↑ The Innocence Project Archived 2008-09-19 at the Library of Congress Web Archives (accessed November 13, 2008).
  53. ↑ Grisham's Folly Archived 2008-10-21 at the Wayback Machine (accessed November 13, 2008).
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