Satriena gens

Last updated February 20, 2019

The gens Satriena was an obscure plebeian family at ancient Rome. No members of this gens obtained any of the higher offices of the Roman state, but a number are known from coins and inscriptions.^[1]

The plebs were, in ancient Rome, the general body of free Roman citizens who were not patricians, as determined by the census. The precise origins of the group and the term are unclear, though it may be that they began as a limited political movement in opposition to the elite (patricians) which became more widely applied.

In historiography, ancient Rome is Roman civilization from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, encompassing the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire until the fall of the western empire. The civilization began as an Italic settlement in the Italian peninsula, dating from the 8th century BC, that grew into the city of Rome and which subsequently gave its name to the empire over which it ruled and to the widespread civilisation the empire developed. The Roman empire expanded to become one of the largest empires in the ancient world, though still ruled from the city, with an estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants and covering 5.0 million square kilometres at its height in AD 117.

In ancient Rome, a gens, plural gentes, was a family consisting of all those individuals who shared the same nomen and claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens was called a stirps. The gens was an important social structure at Rome and throughout Italy during the period of the Roman Republic. Much of an individual's social standing depended on the gens to which he belonged. Certain gentes were considered patrician, others plebeian, while some had both patrician and plebeian branches. The importance of membership in a gens declined considerably in imperial times.

Origin

The nomen Satrienus belongs to a class of gentilicia formed from other nomina using the suffix -enus. The root of the name is Satrius , the nomen of a more prominent gens.^[2]^[1]

The gens Satria was a minor plebeian family at ancient Rome. Members of this gens are mentioned in the first century BC, and under the early Empire, but none of them rose higher than the rank of praetor. Otherwise the Satrii are known largely from inscriptions.

Praenomina

The praenomina used by the Satrieni include Publius , Quintus , Gaius , and Lucius , four of the most common names throughout Roman history.

The praenomen was a personal name chosen by the parents of a Roman child. It was first bestowed on the dies lustricus, the eighth day after the birth of a girl, or the ninth day after the birth of a boy. The praenomen would then be formally conferred a second time when girls married, or when boys assumed the toga virilis upon reaching manhood. Although it was the oldest of the tria nomina commonly used in Roman naming conventions, by the late republic, most praenomina were so common that most people were called by their praenomina only by family or close friends. For this reason, although they continued to be used, praenomina gradually disappeared from public records during imperial times. Although both men and women received praenomina, women's praenomina were frequently ignored, and they were gradually abandoned by many Roman families, though they continued to be used in some families and in the countryside.

Publius is a Latin praenomen, or personal name. It was used by both patrician and plebeian families, and was very common at all periods of Roman history. It gave rise to the patronymic gens Publilia, and perhaps also gens Publicia. The feminine form is Publia. The name was regularly abbreviated P.

Quintus is a Latin praenomen, or personal name, which was common throughout all periods of Roman history. It was used by both patrician and plebeian families, and gave rise to the patronymic gentes Quinctia and Quinctilia. The feminine form is Quinta. The name was regularly abbreviated Q.

Branches and cognomina

The Satrieni used a variety of common surnames, including Pollio, a polisher, belonging to a class of cognomina derived from occupations; Salvia and Secunda, old praenomina that came to be regarded as surnames; Juvenalis, youthful, and perhaps Celsa, originally given to one who was particularly tall.^[3]^[4]

A cognomen was the third name of a citizen of ancient Rome, under Roman naming conventions. Initially, it was a nickname, but lost that purpose when it became hereditary. Hereditary cognomina were used to augment the second name in order to identify a particular branch within a family or family within a clan. The term has also taken on other contemporary meanings.

Members

This list includes abbreviated praenomina. For an explanation of this practice, see filiation.

Satriena C. f.,^{[lower-roman 1]} buried at Narbo in Gallia Narbonensis, together with Gaius Aemilius Philonicus and his wife, Aemilia Secunda.^[5]
Satriena P. f., buried at Rome.^[6]
Satrienus, named in an inscription from Aquinum in Latium.^[7]
Lucius Satrienus C. f., named in an inscription from Aquinum.^[8]
Publius Satrienus, as triumvir monetalis , minted coins bearing the head of Mars, or perhaps Pallas, on the obverse, and a she-wolf on the reverse.^[9]
Quintus Satrienus Cosmus, named in an inscription from Rome.^[10]
Satrienus Juvenalis, a military tribune in the eleventh legion, named in an inscription from the present site of Altenburg, formerly part of Germania Superior.^[11]
Quintus Satrienus Pollio, named in a first-century inscription from Rome.^[12]
Satriena P. l. Salvia, a freedwoman, and the wife of Quintus Pompeius Sosus, the freedman of Bithynicus, named in a funerary inscription from Rome.^[13]
Satriena Q. l. Secunda, a freedwoman buried at Rome.^[14]

Narbonne is a commune in southern France in the Occitanie region. It lies 849 km (528 mi) from Paris in the Aude department, of which it is a sub-prefecture. It is located about 15 km (9.3 mi) from the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and was historically a prosperous port, but declined from the 14th century following a change in the course of the Aude River. It is marginally the largest commune in Aude, although the prefecture is the slightly smaller commune of Carcassonne.

Gallia Narbonensis was a Roman province located in what is now Languedoc and Provence, in southern France. It was also known as Provincia Nostra, from its having been the first Roman province north of the Alps, and as Gallia Transalpina, distinguishing it from Cisalpine Gaul in northern Italy. It became a Roman province in the late 2nd century BC. Its boundaries were roughly defined by the Mediterranean Sea to the south and the Cévennes and Alps to the north and west. The western region of Gallia Narbonensis was known as Septimania.

Aquino is a town and comune in the province of Frosinone, in the Lazio region of Italy, 12 kilometres (7 mi) northwest of Cassino.

Footnotes

↑ Or perhaps Satriena Celsa.

Related Research Articles

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References

1 2 Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. III, p. 722 ("Publius Satrienus").
↑ Chase, p. 118.
↑ Chase, pp. 111, 141, 150, 151, 172.
↑ New College Latin & English Dictionary, s. v. juvenalis.
↑ CIL XII, 4552, CIL XII, 5120.
↑ CIL VI, 38865a.
↑ CIL X, 5522.
↑ AE 1988, 264.
↑ Eckhel, vol. v, p. 300.
↑ CIL VI, 21048.
↑ Finke, "Neue Inschriften", p. 106.
↑ CIL VI, 23548.
↑ CIL VI, 33087.
↑ CIL VI, 25875.

Bibliography

Joseph Hilarius Eckhel, Doctrina Numorum Veterum (The Study of Ancient Coins, 1792–1798).
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology , William Smith, ed., Little, Brown and Company, Boston (1849).
Theodor Mommsen et alii, Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (The Body of Latin Inscriptions, abbreviated CIL), Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften (1853–present).
René Cagnat et alii, L'Année épigraphique (The Year in Epigraphy, abbreviated AE), Presses Universitaires de France (1888–present).
George Davis Chase, "The Origin of Roman Praenomina", in Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, vol. VIII, pp. 103–184 (1897).
Hermann Finke, "Neue Inschriften" (New Inscriptions), in Berichte der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission, vol. 17, pp. 1–107, 198–231 (1927).
John C. Traupman, The New College Latin & English Dictionary, Bantam Books, New York (1995).

Joseph Hilarius Eckhel was an Austrian Jesuit priest and numismatist.

The Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology is an encyclopedia/biographical dictionary. Edited by William Smith, the dictionary spans three volumes and 3,700 pages. It is a classic work of 19th-century lexicography. The work is a companion to Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities and Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography.

Sir William Smith was an English lexicographer. He also made advances in the teaching of Greek and Latin in schools.

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[5] Or perhaps Satriena Celsa.

[DGRBM_P_Satrienus-1] 1 2 Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. III, p. 722 ("Publius Satrienus").

[2] Chase, p. 118.

[3] Chase, pp. 111, 141, 150, 151, 172.

[4] New College Latin & English Dictionary, s. v. juvenalis.

[6] CIL XII, 4552, CIL XII, 5120.

[7] CIL VI, 38865a.

[8] CIL X, 5522.

[9] AE 1988, 264.

[10] Eckhel, vol. v, p. 300.

[11] CIL VI, 21048.

[12] Finke, "Neue Inschriften", p. 106.

[13] CIL VI, 23548.

[14] CIL VI, 33087.

[15] CIL VI, 25875.