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Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of movement disorders that appear in early childhood. Signs and symptoms vary among people and over time, but include poor coordination, stiff muscles, weak muscles, and tremors. There may be problems with sensation, vision, hearing, and speaking. Often, babies with cerebral palsy do not roll over, sit, crawl or walk as early as other children of their age. Other symptoms include seizures and problems with thinking or reasoning, each of which occur in about one-third of people with CP. While symptoms may get more noticeable over the first few years of life, underlying problems do not worsen over time.
Scope is a disability charity in England and Wales that campaigns to change negative attitudes about disability, provides direct services, and educates the public. The organisation was founded in 1952 by a group of parents and social workers who wanted to ensure that their disabled children had the right to a decent education. Originally focused on cerebral palsy, Scope now embraces all conditions and impairment. Scope subscribes to the social model of disability rather than the medical model of disability – that a person is disabled by the barriers placed in front of them by society, not because of their condition or impairment.
Ferryden Park is a north-western suburb of Adelaide 6.3 km from the central business district, in the state of South Australia, Australia. Situated in the City of Port Adelaide Enfield local government area, it is adjacent to Kilkenny, Angle Park, Woodville Gardens, Croydon Park, and Regency Park. It is bounded to the north by Murray Street, west by Liberty Grove and Hassell Street, south by Regency Road and to the east by Days Road.
Spastic diplegia is a form of cerebral palsy (CP) that is a chronic neuromuscular condition of hypertonia and spasticity—manifested as an especially high and constant "tightness" or "stiffness"—in the muscles of the lower extremities of the human body, usually those of the legs, hips and pelvis. Doctor William John Little's first recorded encounter with cerebral palsy is reported to have been among children who displayed signs of spastic diplegia.
Minda Incorporated, established in 1898, provides support to children and adults with disability in Adelaide, South Australia and is the largest non-Government disability support organisation in the state.
ADAPT – Able Disabled All People Together is an Indian non-profit and non-governmental organization, working to help people with neuro-muscular and developmental disabilities. It was started on 2 October 1972 by Mithu Alur, to provide education and treatment services for the "spastics".
In medicine, the adjective spastic refers to an alteration in muscle tone affected by the medical condition spasticity, which is a well-known symptomatic phenomenon seen in patients with a wide range of central neurological disorders, including spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS), as well as conditions such as "spastic colon." The word is derived via Latin from the Greek spastikos.
Over time, the approach to cerebral palsy management has shifted away from narrow attempts to fix individual physical problems – such as spasticity in a particular limb – to making such treatments part of a larger goal of maximizing the person's independence and community engagement. Much of childhood therapy is aimed at improving gait and walking. Approximately 60% of people with CP are able to walk independently or with aids at adulthood. However, the evidence base for the effectiveness of intervention programs reflecting the philosophy of independence has not yet caught up: effective interventions for body structures and functions have a strong evidence base, but evidence is lacking for effective interventions targeted toward participation, environment, or personal factors. There is also no good evidence to show that an intervention that is effective at the body-specific level will result in an improvement at the activity level, or vice versa. Although such cross-over benefit might happen, not enough high-quality studies have been done to demonstrate it.
Cerebral Palsy Alliance is an Australian nonprofit organisation helping babies, children, teenagers and adults living with cerebral palsy and other neurological and physical disabilities. Its therapy teams work with individuals and families to maximise their participation in the community.
Spastic cerebral palsy is the type of cerebral palsy characterized by spasticity or high muscle tone often resulting in stiff, jerky movements. Cases of spastic CP are further classified according to the part or parts of the body that are most affected. Such classifications include spastic diplegia, spastic hemiplegia, spastic quadriplegia, and in cases of single limb involvement, spastic monoplegia.
Spastic hemiplegia is a neuromuscular condition of spasticity that results in the muscles on one side of the body being in a constant state of contraction. It is the "one-sided version" of spastic diplegia. It falls under the mobility impairment umbrella of cerebral palsy. About 20–30% of people with cerebral palsy have spastic hemiplegia. Due to brain or nerve damage, the brain is constantly sending action potentials to the neuromuscular junctions on the affected side of the body. Similar to strokes, damage on the left side of the brain affects the right side of the body and damage on the right side of the brain affects the left side of the body. Other side can be effected for lesser extent. The affected side of the body is rigid, weak and has low functional abilities. In most cases, the upper extremity is much more affected than the lower extremity. This could be due to preference of hand usage during early development. If both arms are affected, the condition is referred to as double hemiplegia. Some patients with spastic hemiplegia only experience minor impairments, where in severe cases one side of the body could be completely paralyzed. The severity of spastic hemiplegia is dependent upon the degree of the brain or nerve damage.
Para-cycling classification is the process of classifying participants in para-cycling covering four functional disability types. The classification system includes classes for handcycles for people who have lower limb mobility issues. The sport is governed by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI).
Mithu Alur is the founder chairperson of The Spastic Society of India – now rechristened ADAPT – Able Disable All People Together. She is an educator, disability rights activist, researcher, writer and published author on issues concerning people with disability in India.
Ashford House, located in the Adelaide suburb of Ashford, South Australia, was originally built in 1838 by Dr Charles Everard, and is amongst the oldest historic buildings in South Australia.
Spastic Society of Gurgaon covers within its scope the programs on occupational therapy, counseling, vocational training and psychotherapy of the children with autism, cerebral palsy, intellectual disability and multiple disabilities in Haryana, India. It is India's first non-profit disability sector organization which was awarded ISO certification by United Kingdom Accreditation Service: United Registrar of Systems for quality of services rendered by it. It also works in the field of imparting counseling and psychotherapy to the parents and guardians of the disabled children. Mass camps are conducted for welfare of children with disabilities. Multiple single window services like assistance in issuance of disability certificates, NIRAMAYA cashless insurance cards, medical check ups, distribution of medicines and medical aids are rendered to disabled people in such camps. Being sponsored by Haryana Government it undertakes disability audits of organizations for assessing accessibility compliance by them.
Daphne Lorraine Gum MBE, OA was an Australian pioneer in the care and education of children with cerebral palsy.
Claudia Portia Burton Bradley was an orthopaedist, paediatrician and pharmacist. Her main area of work and research was cerebral palsy, which led her to become the first medical director of the Spastic Centre of New South Wales and the founder of the Australian Cerebral Palsy Association.
Novita is a South Australian disability organisation, providing support, services and equipment to children, teens and young adults living with disability, their families and carers. In August 2019, it was announced that scosa was to merge into Novita.
Elizabeth Catherine Usher AO (1911–1996) was a speech disorders therapist and academic. She was the first person from Queensland to study speech therapy.
References
- ↑ Cerebral Palsy Australia
- ↑ (19 Aug 2019), SA NDIS providers Novita, scosa finalise merger after members approval, The Advertiser (subscription required)
- ↑ (22 Aug 2019), One big family Novita and scosa in alliance, The Advertiser, pg. 25
- ↑ Gum, Daphne Lorraine (1916 - ) at The Australian Women's Register, Retrieved 2 March 2016
- 1 2 History of scosa - scosa has had an influential role in the evolution of disability services and support in SA since 1946 at the Wayback Machine (archived 30 October 2022)
- ↑ "Opening Of Spastic Home". The Advertiser (Adelaide) . Vol. 95, no. 29, 333. South Australia. 16 October 1952. p. 14. Retrieved 2 March 2016– via National Library of Australia.
- ↑ History - Community Accommodation and Respite Agency, (2014) CARA Inc, Retrieved 2 March 2016
- ↑ South Australian Spastic Paralysis Welfare Association (1948 - 1983) at Find & Connect, Retrieved 2 March 2016
- ↑ Spastic Centres of South Australia, SCOSA (1983 - ) at Find & Connect, Retrieved 2 March 2016
- ↑ Woodville Spastic Children's Home (1952 - 1960?) at Find & Connect, Retrieved 2 March 2016
- ↑ Woodville Spastic Children's Home (1952 - 1960?) at Find & Connect, Retrieved 2 March 2016
- ↑ Dew Street Cottage (1986 - 1991) at Find & Connect, Retrieved 2 March 2016
- ↑ Albara Road Cottage (1982 - ) at Find & Connect, Retrieved 2 March 2016
- ↑ About Us - Miss Australia, Cerebral Palsy Alliance website.
- Linn, Rob; Spastic Centres of South Australia Inc (1994), Perseverance : the story of Spastic Centres of South Australia, Spastic Centres of South Australia, ISBN 978-0-646-18453-1