The so-called Scotch settlement of Mississippi, United States was located in the southeastern section of Jefferson County. There was also a lesser-known Scotch settlement in Wayne County, Mississippi.
The so-called Scotch settlement of Mississippi, United States was located in the southeastern section of Jefferson County. There was also a lesser-known Scotch settlement in Wayne County, Mississippi.
The area considered the Scotch settlement was about 20 miles long and ten miles wide, and extended into what later became Lincoln County, Mississippi. [1] Scottish Gaelic was the common language for at least the first half of the 19th century. [2] The colony was established in 1806 when immigrants from the Highlands of Scotland by way of North Carolina inquired with Judge Peter Bryan Bruin of Bayou Pierre about the prospects for settling in Natchez, in what was then Mississippi Territory. [3] One of the visitors, Dugald Torrey, found Bruin in the company of Waterman Crane and a Presbyterian minister he knew from North Carolina known as Rev. Mr. Brown. [3] They started farming lands in the east end of the county, and "in a few years, over one hundred Highland-Scotch Presbyterian families settled in their vicinity. Most of them spoke the Gaelic language [and] had been taught the Shorter Catechism." [3] Many of the migrants came from Robeson County, North Carolina. [1] Some of the surnames of the settlers were Gilcrist, Baker, Cameron, McIntyre, McLauchlin, McLaurin, Buie, Cato, Brown, Smith, Patterson, Watson, Galbreath, Smylie, Trimble, McClutchie, Farley, Curie, Wilkinson, McCormick, McMillan, McClean, Henderson, McCallum, McCutchens, McIntyre, Montgomery, McPherson, Curry, and Torrey. [2] [3]
According to a history published in 1906, the heyday of the settlement began about 15 years after the founding:
"The period between 1820 and 1830 might be called the romance days of the Scotch settlement. Everything was young, bright, fresh, and full of life and vigor. The country abounded in game and the streams in fish. The lowlands and sometimes the hills were covered with canebrakes. Farming was an easy matter at that day. Burn away the brakes and plant your corn and you would be sure of a harvest. Natchez was the market town for all the country and Union Church was a point on the highway between the eastern counties and Natchez, and in the fall of the year long trains of wagons pulled by teams of heavy oxen were strung out a hundred miles from the interior of the State to the Mississippi River. It is forty-five miles from Union Church to Natchez, and it was a great occasion for a farmer to yoke up his oxen and start to market with the whole week before him for going and returning. Some of the old Scotch were not averse to strong drink, and coming back with a jug of Scotch whisky their animal spirits would be stirred on the way and their home coming would be loudly advertised. But such an one would unfailingly be brought before his brethren in the church and he would be certain of a reprimand and would probably be excommunicated for a while." [1]
However, the success of the settlement was based on widespread ownership of slaves and "to them the civil war with its results was exceedingly disastrous. When their slave property was lost their lands became useless. Their splendid carriages, wagons and teams rapidly disappeared. The price of cotton was not remunerative, the old men gradually died and the young men left the farms, so that the glory of this part of the Scotch settlement is mainly in the past." [1]
The Rev. James Smylie (1780–1853), whom Harriet Beecher Stowe once castigated for his religiously argued pro-slavery pamphlet, was from this community. [4] Stowe wrote of the domestic slave trade in A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin, "Mr. Lindsey is going to be receiving, from time to time, all the season, and will sell as cheap as anybody; so there's no fear of the supply falling off...Query: Are these Messrs. Sanders & Foster, and J. W. Lindsey, and S. N. Brown, and McLean, and Woodroof, and McLendon, all members of the church, in good and regular standing? Does the question shock you? Why so? Why should they not be? The Rev. Dr. Smylie, of Mississippi, in a document endorsed by two Presbyteries, says distinctly that the Bible gives a right to buy and sell slaves." [5]
There was also community of immigrants from Scotland in Wayne County, Mississippi. In 1812 the Wayne County Scots established a school where Gaelic was the primary language. [6]
Natchez, officially the City of Natchez, is the only city in and the county seat of Adams County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 14,520 at the 2020 census. Located on the Mississippi River across from Vidalia in Concordia Parish, Louisiana, Natchez was a prominent city in the antebellum years, a center of cotton planters and Mississippi River trade.
Harriet Elisabeth Beecher Stowe was an American author and abolitionist. She came from the religious Beecher family and wrote the popular novel Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852), which depicts the harsh conditions experienced by enslaved African Americans. The book reached an audience of millions as a novel and play, and became influential in the United States and in Great Britain, energizing anti-slavery forces in the American North, while provoking widespread anger in the South. Stowe wrote 30 books, including novels, three travel memoirs, and collections of articles and letters. She was influential both for her writings as well as for her public stances and debates on social issues of the day.
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Winchester is a ghost town in Wayne County, Mississippi, United States.
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John W. Lindsey was a slave trader based in Montgomery, Alabama, United States in the 1840s and 1850s.
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Peter Bryan Bruin was a landowner and judge in Mississippi Territory, United States. A veteran of the American Revolutionary War who served as an officer with Daniel Morgan and worked as an aide-de-camp to John Sullivan, he settled in the Natchez District shortly after the conclusion of the American revolution. He was later a host to a young Andrew Jackson and Rachel Donelson Robards, on what may have amounted to their honeymoon circa 1790. In 1798 Bruin was signatory to the "Memorial to Congress by Permanent Committee of the Natchez District," which encouraged the U.S. Congress to annex the Natchez District from Spain and to preserve and extend slavery in the region. After the Mississippi Territory was organized, he was appointed to be a judge by John Adams. Bruin was tangentially connected to Aaron Burr's still-mysterious shenanigans in the lower Mississippi River valley in 1806. In 1808, the Mississippi Territorial Legislature passed a resolution condemning Bruin's conduct on the bench, and delegate George Poindexter requested that the U.S. Congress open an impeachment investigation into Bruin. Bruin resigned his judgeship amidst public charges of alcoholism and dereliction of judicial duty.
Philander Smith was a colonial-era settler of the Natchez District of Mississippi in North America. He was involved in the political movement to make the district an American territory rather than a Spanish colony. In 1807 he served as foreperson of the grand jury in the Aaron Burr treason indictment. He served in the Mississippi territorial legislature from 1804 to 1811.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain . 
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain . This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .