The Secord family (originally Sicard or D'Secor) [1] was a prominent loyalist American and Canadian family that traces its origins back to Huguenot Ambroise Sicard Sr. The family founded New Rochelle and was heavily involved in the American War of Independence. After the war, much of the family emigrated to Canada and later became involved in the War of 1812. [2]
Secord family Sicard, D'Secor, Sicar | |
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Current region | New Rochelle, United States, and Canada |
Place of origin | France |
Founded | 17th century |
Founder | Ambroise Sicard Sr. |
Connected families | Van Cortlandt family Nelson family Cartwright family |
The family originally came from La Rochelle in France, where the name was Sicard or D'Secor. The ancient origins of the family are unknown, and although several theories have emerged, nothing has been proven. [3] Ambroise Sicard Sr. came over with his 5 children, became successful in Lumbering, and along with other Huguenot families, escaping religious persecution in France, founded New Rochelle. [3] [4] When the American War of Independence divided the family, those who sided with the British anglicized the name to Secord. [5] [6]
R. Kirk Moulton researched the family and published his findings in a seven-installment series published in the New York Genealogical and Biographical Record . He concluded that all families of Secord in America are descended from this Ambroise Sicard. [7]
Ambroise Sicard was born in Mornac sur Seudre, Saintonge (Charente-maritime), France. He worked in salt fields and owned a Vineyard worth 40 pounds. Sicard was a Huguenot, and he and his children fled France in 1686, although it is unknown how they made their way to New York. In 1688, Sicard settled in New York City, where he was one of the original founders of the French church in New York. The first entry in its records is of the Baptism of Sicard's granddaughter Madeline. In 1692 he moved and was a founder of New Rochelle. In New Rochelle, he acquired several tracts of land and was active within the church and the government. On February 6, 1696, Sicard swore Allegiance to King William and Queen Mary of England. Ambroise Sicard died in about 1712 and left behind 5 children. [8] [7]
In 1775 there was a meeting held on April 13 in Westchester County to determine whether or not they should send delegates to a provincial convention in New York. 312 inhabitants, including Elias, Benjamin, Francis, Israel, and Joshua Secord, signed their allegiance to the King, and refused to send delegates. [6]
Most of the Secord family were loyalists, with seven serving in Butler's Rangers, [10] during the American War of Independence; however, the family was divided. [11] [2] Most Huguenots sided with Britain because of her help in escaping France. [4] After the war, many of the Loyalist Secords were wanted by the Americans for their involvement in the Cherry Valley massacre and the Wyoming Massacre and fled to Canada. [12]
John Secord Sr: John Secord served in the French and Indian War with the 5th Company Militia. During the revolution, he served as a sergeant with Butler's Rangers. He was arrested as a British spy in March 1776 but successfully appealed to the Connecticut government. [13]
Peter Secord Sr: When the war broke out, Peter Secord moved with his family to Fort Niagara. He served as a sergeant in Butler's Rangers from 1777 until his discharge in 1780. He emigrated to Upper Canada, where he was one of the first settlers. [14]
Jacques Secord: Jacques Secord served as a Lieutenant in Butler's Rangers from 1777 to 1782. He moved his family to Fort Niagara and, after the war, settled in Upper Canada. He and his heirs were given 2,000 acres of land for his service during the war. [15]
Solomon Secord: Solomon Secord served as a lieutenant in Butler's Rangers. After the war, he emigrated to Upper Canada, where he died in 1799. [15]
Stephen Secord: Stephen Secord joined Butler's Rangers when he was twenty and would rise to the rank of sergeant. After the war, he emigrated to Upper Canada and died in 1808. [16]
David Secord: David Secord was wounded at the Battle of Fort Stanwix. He was also at the Battle of Wyoming, where he nearly lost his life defending three prisoners. The prisoners were Americans who were part of a party that attacked a Mohawk village and killed the wife of Chief Oneida Joseph. When Joseph heard that the murderers were prisoners, he demanded to be allowed to kill them. Secord would not allow it, to which the Chief replied, "I kill them or kill you," as he thrust his spear through Secord's coat. David Secord became a major during the War of 1812. [2]
James Secord: James Secord was in Butler's Rangers alongside his brothers and father. He would also serve in the War of 1812, where he was wounded. [17]
John Secord: John Secord (known as 'Deaf John' due to his hearing loss from a cannon shot) was listed as a private in Butler's Rangers. In a certificate attached to a petition, he is described as "a brave man, having after the Battle of Wyoming, when the Loyalists were retreating towards Niagara (and found it necessary to have a better supply of Provisions) returned by desire of the commanding officer to Wyoming, with only eight men and brought from the Enemy, One Hundred and forty head of Cattle – upwards of ninety Head were drove to Aughquaga, and there issued to the troops, and the others used for an immediate Supply." [18]
Daniel Secord IV: Daniel Secord IV served Butler's Rangers and fought with Brant's volunteers. He was discharged as a sergeant in Nova Scotia in 1783. [15]
Pierre Secord: Pierre Secord served during the French and Indian War as a captain in the Westchester County 5th militia and in Butler's Rangers during the American Revolution. [19]
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Isaac, Josiah, and David Secord went against their family and fought for the Americans in the Dutchess County Militia. [20] [21] [22]
The house is believed to have been constructed in the 1770s by Israel Secord on land given to him by his father, James. During the Revolutionary War, William Howe, commander of British forces, made his headquarters in the farmhouse before marching his troops to the Battle of White Plains in October 1776. In the rear of the home stood the "hanging tree," an oak tree from the 1700s reportedly used to execute prisoners during the Revolutionary War. [23]
Main Article: The War of 1812
During the War of 1812, the Secords actively defended their country. On the militia role at the archives in Ottawa are listed: Major David Secord, Captains Elijah and Peter Secord, Lieutenants Cortlandt and John Secord, Ensign James Secord, Quartermaster Daniel Secord, Abraham, William John, Solomon, Stephen, David, Joseph, Isaac, Peter, Sergeant James Secord, and William Secord. [24]
After the revolutionary war, loyalist members of the family emigrated chiefly to upper Canada but to New Brunswick also. [3] The Township of Louth was first settled in 1777 by the Secord brothers, who the Americans wanted for their involvement in the Cherry Valley Massacre. [12] According to his land petition, Peter Secord was the first settler of Niagara. [14] He and his brother James operated a mill that is still there today. The king granted many of the Secords lands for their service in the American Revolution. [13]
Laura Secord was the wife of James Secord, the great-great-grandson of Ambroise Sicard. She is the most famous of the name Secord for her 30 km from Queenstown to Beaver Dams to warn British Lieutenant James FitzGibbon that the Americans were planning to attack his outpost. Laura Secord has become mythologized in Canada History, and Laura Secord Chocolates was named for her. [25]
James Secord was a merchant in Canada who served in the war of 1812. He was the Husband of Laura Secord. [25]
Major David Secord was the great-great-grandson of Ambroise Sicard. He served in the revolutionary war alongside his father and brothers in Butler's rangers. After the war, he emigrated to Upper Canada, where st. Davids was named for him. He was justice of the peace in 1796 and represented 2nd lincoln in the 5th parliament of Canada from 1809 to 1812. He claimed to have fought in every significant engagement in Niagara during the war of 1812 and commanded his regiment at the Battle of Lundy's Lane. [26]
George Secord was an Upper Canada political figure who represented Monck, as a conservative, in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1867 to 1871. [27]
John Secord QC was a lawyer and political figure who represented Regina in the 1st Council of the North-West Territories and south Regina in the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories. [28]
Richard Secord was a politician in western Canada who served in the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories. He and John McDougall founded Secord & McDougall, which advertised itself as general merchants. He was also a land speculator who dealt in Métis scrap dealing. by the time Alberta became a province in 1905, he and his partner had become millionaires. Secord was known for his philanthropy. [29]
Richard Vernon Secord is a United States Air Force officer who rose to the rank of major general. He was involved in the Vietnam War, the secret war in Laos, and the Battle of Lima Site 85. He is particularly known for his involvement in the Iran–Contra affair. [30]
Sir Richard Nelson was a Canadian Air force officer who served in the RAF during and after World War II. He is descended from Rachel Secord, who married Isaac Nelson. He rose to the rank of Air-Marshal, was director general of the RAF medical service, and was honorary physician to the Queen. [31]
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The Peter Secord house is located in St. Davids and is open today as an inn. [32]
St. Davids, Ontario is a town in Ontario that is named for David Secord [14]
Secord, Edmonton, is a neighborhood in Edmonton that was named for Richard Secord. There is also a Richard Secord elementary school in Edmonton named for him. [29]
Secord Township, Michigan, is named for Marvel Secord, the son of Isaac and Sarah Secord, who settled the town in 1861. Throughout the town several buildings are named for him. [33]
Ambroise the Huguenot was written by Esther Cleveland, a direct descendent of Ambroise Sicard, in 2007. The book tells the story of Ambroise and his family's journey from France to the new world. [34]
The Secord Mill was built in 1782 and was operated by Peter and James Secord. It was one of the first "kings mills" in Upper Canada and may be the only surviving 18th-century Banal mill in Ontario. [35]
Laura Secord Chocolates is named for Laura Secord. [25] The Laura Secord Legacy Trail is a 32-kilometer trail as a monument to Laura Secord's journey. [36] The Laura Secord Homestead still stands, a short walk from Queenston heights park. [37]
Niagara-on-the-Lake is a town in Ontario, Canada. It is located on the Niagara Peninsula at the point where the Niagara River meets Lake Ontario, across the river from New York, United States. Niagara-on-the-Lake is in the Niagara Region of Ontario and is the only town in Canada that has a lord mayor. It had a population of 19,088 as of the 2021 Canadian census.
Laura Secord was a Canadian woman involved in the War of 1812. She is known for having walked 20 miles (32 km) out of American-occupied territory in 1813 to warn British forces of an impending American attack. Her contribution to the war was little known during her lifetime, but since her death she has been frequently honoured in Canada. Though Laura Secord had no relation to it, most Canadians associate her with the Laura Secord Chocolates company, named after her on the centennial of her walk.
John Butler was an American-born military officer, landowner, colonial official in the British Indian Department, and merchant. During the American Revolutionary War, he was a prominent Loyalist who led the provincial regiment known as Butler's Rangers. Born in Connecticut, he moved to New York with his family, where he learned several Iroquoian languages and worked as an interpreter in the fur trade. He was well-prepared to work with the Mohawk and other Iroquois nations who became allies of the British during the rebellion.
Butler's Rangers (1777–1784) was a Loyalist provincial military unit of the American Revolutionary War, raised by American loyalist John Butler. Most members of the regiment were Loyalists from upstate New York and northeastern Pennsylvania. Their winter quarters were constructed on the west bank of the Niagara River, in what is now Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario. The Rangers fought principally in New York and Pennsylvania, but ranged as far west as Ohio and Michigan, and as far south as Virginia and Kentucky.
Queenston is a compact rural community and unincorporated place 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north of Niagara Falls in the Town of Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, Canada. It is bordered by Highway 405 to the south and the Niagara River to the east; its location at the eponymous Queenston Heights on the Niagara Escarpment led to the establishment of the Queenston Quarry in the area. Across the river and the Canada–US border is the village of Lewiston, New York. The Lewiston-Queenston Bridge links the two communities. This village is at the point where the Niagara River began eroding the Niagara Escarpment. During the ensuing 12,000 years the Falls cut an 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) long gorge in the Escarpment southward to its present-day position.
The Battle of Beaver Dams took place on 24 June 1813, during the War of 1812. A column of troops from the United States Army marched from Fort George and attempted to surprise a British outpost at Beaver Dams, billeting themselves overnight in the village of Queenston, Ontario. Laura Secord, a resident of Queenston, had earlier learned of the American plans from several Americans billeted at her house and had struck out on a long and difficult trek to warn the British at Decou's stone house near present-day Brock University. When the Americans resumed their march, they were ambushed by Kahnawake and other native warriors and eventually surrendered to a small British detachment led by Lieutenant James FitzGibbon. About 500 U.S. troops, including their wounded commander, were taken prisoner.
Thomas Ingersoll (1749–1812) was an early settler in Upper Canada, later Ontario. He is best known as the father of Laura Secord, who warned the British of an impending American attack on Upper Canada during the War of 1812.
Ball's Falls also known as Balls Mills, Louthe Mills and Glen Elgin, is a historical ghost town located in what is now a part of Jordan in the Niagara region, Ontario, Canada, which dates back to the early 19th century. It is now preserved as a conservation area operated by the Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority.
Richard Cartwright was a businessman, judge and political figure in Upper Canada.
The Niagara Parks Commission, commonly shortened to Niagara Parks, is an agency of the Government of Ontario which maintains the Ontario shoreline of the Niagara River.
Effingham is a hamlet on 12 Mile Creek, in the northern part of the Town of Pelham in Ontario, Canada. Located on the Niagara Escarpment, it has few roads which wind through the Escarpment's forests.
Vrooman's Point is a geographical feature in Ontario, Canada, near the border with the United States. The point projects out into the course of the Niagara River, and is located about a mile north of the town of Queenston, Ontario. The point is also near the city of Lewiston, New York across the river. It was either named after Sergeant Adam Vrooman of the Loyalist Regiment, Butler's Rangers, who originally acquired the property, or after his eldest son, Solomon, who inherited it in 1810 and lived there in 1812.
Richard Pierpoint, also known as Black Dick, Captain Dick, Captain Pierpoint, Pawpine, and Parepoint was a British soldier of Senegalese descent. Brought to America as an enslaved person, he was granted freedom to fight on the side of the British in the American Revolution. After the war, he settled in a Black community in Upper Canada, where he was given some land. He also participated in the War of 1812.
William Green, otherwise known as Billy Green the Scout, was key to the British-Upper Canadian victory at the Battle of Stoney Creek. Billy Green was born February 4, 1794, in the Saltfleet Township in Upper Canada, and died March 15, 1877. His father was a New Jersey Loyalist named Ensign Adam Green. His mother, Martha Green, died a year or so after Billy was born, so he was raised by his oldest sister. He was the last born of the eleven children in his family. According to local tradition, he is believed the first white child born in the vicinity of Stoney Creek, Ontario.
John DeCew (1766–1855), was a United Empire Loyalist, an early settler in the Niagara Peninsula of Upper Canada, a commissioned militia officer in the War of 1812, and a founding member of the Welland Canal Company.
Maria Hill was a involved in battles in the War of 1812 including the Battle of Queenston Heights, the Battle of Lundy's Lane and the Battle of Chippawa. She was a surgeon's assistant, while her husband fought in the war. After the war, she became an early settler of what is now Ottawa, Ontario and attended to the Governor General of Canada, Charles Lennox, 4th Duke of Richmond when he died in her village of Richmond, Upper Canada.
Captain Peter Hare was a company officer in Butler's Rangers, a militia unit during the American Revolutionary War, and British Loyalist. After the war ended Hare emigrated and settled with his family in Lincoln County, Ontario where he farmed until his death in 1834.
Laura Secord Legacy Trail is a 32-kilometer trail as a monument to Laura Secord's journey and legacy. It includes the Laura Secord Commemorative Walk that was established in 2013. Secord embarked on a journey in June 1813 during the War of 1812 from the Secord Homestead in Queenston, Niagara-on-the-Lake to deliver a message on 22 June 1813 to Lt. James FitzGibbon at the DeCew House in Thorold, Ontario.
James Badeau Secord was an British America-born merchant, soldier, and later public servant in Upper Canada. He served in the 1st Lincoln Militia in the war of 1812, where he was wounded at the Battle of Queenston Heights. He was married to Laura Secord from 1797 until he died in 1841.
Laura Secord Secondary School, also known simply as Laura Secord, is a public secondary school in St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada. It is located near the corner of Niagara and Carlton Streets. Laura Secord is a part of the District School Board of Niagara (DSBN). The school was founded in 1966.
Leavy, Peggy Dymond (2012-05-12). Laura Secord: Heroine of the War of 1812. ISBN 978-1-4597-0366-7
Ontario, United Empire Loyalists' Association of (1897). Annual Transactions. Hunter, Rose Company, Limited, printers
Chadwick, Edward Marion (1898). Ontarian Families: Genealogies of United-empire-loyalists and Other Pioneer Families of Upper Canada. Rolph. Smith & Company.
Moulton, R. Kirk. "Early Sicard-Secor Families of New York: Origins of United Empire Loyalist William Secord." New York Genealogical and Biographical Record, Vol. 150 (2019), Issue 1
Secord, Jeanne M. The creation of a family tree : covering the following family names: Secord, Reed, Robinson, Brown, Graham, Parkhurst, Ingell, Wamsley, Strong, Vanderfuf. FamilySearch International.