Sergei Odintsov

Last updated

Sergei Odintsov
Alma mater
Scientific career
Fields
Institutions

Sergei D. Odintsov (born 1959, Shchuchinsk, Kazakhstan, Kokchetav Oblast) is a Russian astrophysicist active in the fields of cosmology, quantum field theory and quantum gravity. He received his master's degree and PhD in Physics at the Tomsk State University [1] . Odintsov is an ICREA Research Professor at the Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (Barcelona) since 2003. He also collaborates as group leader at research projects of the Tomsk State Pedagogical University. He is editor-in-chief of Symmetry, and is a member of the editorial boards of Gravitation and Cosmology , [2] International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics , [3] International Journal of Modern Physics D , [4] Journal of Gravity , [5] Universe, [6] Russian Physics Journal [7] and the Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin . [8] Odintsov also is an advisory panel member of Classical and Quantum Gravity . [9]

Contents

In 2011, Odintsov was included in the list of the top 10 most well-known scientists of Russian origin according to Forbes . [10] In 2014, he was included in the list of The World's Most Influential Scientific Minds: 2014 according to Thomson Reuters. [11]

Bibliography

Odintsov has published 730 research articles with over 70.000 citations [12] with an h-index of 127. [13] [14]

His main scientific results are in the fields of quantum field theory and quantum gravity and include the complete development of renormalization group in curved space, the discovery of asymptotic conformal invariance, and a full description of curvature-induced phase transitions. [15] In cosmology, together with Shin'ichi Nojiri, Odintsov has proposed brane-world inflation (independently from the same proposal by Stephen Hawking). [16] [17] In the study of dark energy cosmology, with Emilio Elizalde and Shin'ichi Nojiri, Odintsov proposed a dark energy model consisting of complex scalar or two scalars (such model was later called quintom) with possibility to realize phantom or quintessence type of acceleration [18] as well as remove finite singularity there by quantum effects. Together with Shin'ichi Nojiri, Odintsov also proposed a generalized holographic dark energy model [19] which includes eventually all possible variations over original holographic dark energy.

In 2002, Salvatore Capozziello proposed a fundamental new perspective of dark energy as caused by a modification of gravitational theory. [20] Based on this idea and further developing it, Odintsov and Shin'ichi Nojiri proposed the first unified picture for the evolution of the universe based on modified gravity. [21] According to this, the evolution of the universe changes the gravitational theory, so that modified gravity changes the evolution of the universe making it to be accelerating at the very early and very late epochs. Later, they also demonstrated that such unified inflationary-dark energy universe may be achieved in modified Gauss-Bonnet gravity [22] and non-local gravity. [23] This picture became even more popular recently due to the increasing possibility that inflation is caused by modified gravity which differs from the usual general relativity.

Awards

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cosmic inflation</span> Theory of rapid universe expansion

In physical cosmology, cosmic inflation, cosmological inflation, or just inflation, is a theory of exponential expansion of space in the very early universe. Following the inflationary period, the universe continued to expand, but at a slower rate. The re-acceleration of this slowing expansion due to dark energy began after the universe was already over 7.7 billion years old.

The holographic principle is a property of string theories and a supposed property of quantum gravity that states that the description of a volume of space can be thought of as encoded on a lower-dimensional boundary to the region – such as a light-like boundary like a gravitational horizon. First proposed by Gerard 't Hooft, it was given a precise string theoretic interpretation by Leonard Susskind, who combined his ideas with previous ones of 't Hooft and Charles Thorn. Susskind said, "The three-dimensional world of ordinary experience—the universe filled with galaxies, stars, planets, houses, boulders, and people—is a hologram, an image of reality coded on a distant two-dimensional surface." As pointed out by Raphael Bousso, Thorn observed in 1978, that string theory admits a lower-dimensional description in which gravity emerges from it in what would now be called a holographic way. The prime example of holography is the AdS/CFT correspondence.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Quantum gravity</span> Description of gravity using discrete values

Quantum gravity (QG) is a field of theoretical physics that seeks to describe gravity according to the principles of quantum mechanics. It deals with environments in which neither gravitational nor quantum effects can be ignored, such as in the vicinity of black holes or similar compact astrophysical objects, as well as in the early stages of the universe moments after the Big Bang.

In physics, quintessence is a hypothetical form of dark energy, more precisely a scalar field minimally coupled to gravity, postulated as an explanation of the observation of an accelerating rate of expansion of the universe. The first example of this scenario was proposed by Ratra and Peebles (1988) and Wetterich (1988). The concept was expanded to more general types of time-varying dark energy, and the term "quintessence" was first introduced in a 1998 paper by Robert R. Caldwell, Rahul Dave and Paul Steinhardt. It has been proposed by some physicists to be a fifth fundamental force. Quintessence differs from the cosmological constant explanation of dark energy in that it is dynamic; that is, it changes over time, unlike the cosmological constant which, by definition, does not change. Quintessence can be either attractive or repulsive depending on the ratio of its kinetic and potential energy. Those working with this postulate believe that quintessence became repulsive about ten billion years ago, about 3.5 billion years after the Big Bang.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brane cosmology</span> Several theories in particle physics and cosmology related to superstring theory and M-theory

Brane cosmology refers to several theories in particle physics and cosmology related to string theory, superstring theory and M-theory.

In particle physics, the hypothetical dilaton particle is a particle of a scalar field that appears in theories with extra dimensions when the volume of the compactified dimensions varies. It appears as a radion in Kaluza–Klein theory's compactifications of extra dimensions. In Brans–Dicke theory of gravity, Newton's constant is not presumed to be constant but instead 1/G is replaced by a scalar field and the associated particle is the dilaton.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hierarchy problem</span> Unsolved problem in physics

In theoretical physics, the hierarchy problem is the problem concerning the large discrepancy between aspects of the weak force and gravity. There is no scientific consensus on why, for example, the weak force is 1024 times stronger than gravity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black hole information paradox</span> Puzzle of disappearance of information in a black hole

The black hole information paradox is a paradox that appears when the predictions of quantum mechanics and general relativity are combined. The theory of general relativity predicts the existence of black holes that are regions of spacetime from which nothing—not even light—can escape. In the 1970s, Stephen Hawking applied the semiclassical approach of quantum field theory in curved spacetime to such systems and found that an isolated black hole would emit a form of radiation. He also argued that the detailed form of the radiation would be independent of the initial state of the black hole, and depend only on its mass, electric charge and angular momentum.

In physical cosmology, fractal cosmology is a set of minority cosmological theories which state that the distribution of matter in the Universe, or the structure of the universe itself, is a fractal across a wide range of scales. More generally, it relates to the usage or appearance of fractals in the study of the universe and matter. A central issue in this field is the fractal dimension of the universe or of matter distribution within it, when measured at very large or very small scales.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dark fluid</span> Reconciliation between dark energy and dark matter

In astronomy and cosmology, the dark fluid theory attempts to explain dark matter and dark energy in a single framework, as suggested by cosmologist Alexandre Arbey in 2005. The theory proposes that dark matter and dark energy are not separate physical phenomena, nor do they have separate origins, but that they are strongly linked together and can be considered as two facets of a single fluid. At galactic scales, the dark fluid behaves like dark matter, and at larger scales its behavior becomes similar to dark energy.

In mathematical physics, de Sitter invariant special relativity is the speculative idea that the fundamental symmetry group of spacetime is the indefinite orthogonal group SO(4,1), that of de Sitter space. In the standard theory of general relativity, de Sitter space is a highly symmetrical special vacuum solution, which requires a cosmological constant or the stress–energy of a constant scalar field to sustain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cosmological constant problem</span> Concept in cosmology

In cosmology, the cosmological constant problem or vacuum catastrophe is the substantial disagreement between the observed values of vacuum energy density and the much larger theoretical value of zero-point energy suggested by quantum field theory.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Entropic gravity</span> Theory in modern physics that describes gravity as an entropic force

Entropic gravity, also known as emergent gravity, is a theory in modern physics that describes gravity as an entropic force—a force with macro-scale homogeneity but which is subject to quantum-level disorder—and not a fundamental interaction. The theory, based on string theory, black hole physics, and quantum information theory, describes gravity as an emergent phenomenon that springs from the quantum entanglement of small bits of spacetime information. As such, entropic gravity is said to abide by the second law of thermodynamics under which the entropy of a physical system tends to increase over time.

Anzhong Wang is a theoretical physicist who specializes in gravitation, cosmology and astroparticle physics. He is on the Physics faculty of Baylor University.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Light front holography</span> Technique used to determine mass of hadrons

In strong interaction physics, light front holography or light front holographic QCD is an approximate version of the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) which results from mapping the gauge theory of QCD to a higher-dimensional anti-de Sitter space (AdS) inspired by the AdS/CFT correspondence proposed for string theory. This procedure makes it possible to find analytic solutions in situations where strong coupling occurs, improving predictions of the masses of hadrons and their internal structure revealed by high-energy accelerator experiments. The most widely used approach to finding approximate solutions to the QCD equations, lattice QCD, has had many successful applications; It is a numerical approach formulated in Euclidean space rather than physical Minkowski space-time.

The Bousso bound captures a fundamental relation between quantum information and the geometry of space and time. It appears to be an imprint of a unified theory that combines quantum mechanics with Einstein's general relativity. The study of black hole thermodynamics and the information paradox led to the idea of the holographic principle: the entropy of matter and radiation in a spatial region cannot exceed the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy of the boundary of the region, which is proportional to the boundary area. However, this "spacelike" entropy bound fails in cosmology; for example, it does not hold true in our universe.

Raphael Bousso is a theoretical physicist and cosmologist. He is a professor at the Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics in the Department of Physics, UC Berkeley. He is known for the Bousso bound on the information content of the universe. With Joseph Polchinski, Bousso proposed the string theory landscape as a solution to the cosmological constant problem.

The asymptotic safety approach to quantum gravity provides a nonperturbative notion of renormalization in order to find a consistent and predictive quantum field theory of the gravitational interaction and spacetime geometry. It is based upon a nontrivial fixed point of the corresponding renormalization group (RG) flow such that the running coupling constants approach this fixed point in the ultraviolet (UV) limit. This suffices to avoid divergences in physical observables. Moreover, it has predictive power: Generically an arbitrary starting configuration of coupling constants given at some RG scale does not run into the fixed point for increasing scale, but a subset of configurations might have the desired UV properties. For this reason it is possible that — assuming a particular set of couplings has been measured in an experiment — the requirement of asymptotic safety fixes all remaining couplings in such a way that the UV fixed point is approached.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Extended theories of gravity</span>

Extended theories of gravity are alternative theories of gravity developed from the exact starting points investigated first by Albert Einstein and Hilbert. These are theories describing gravity, which are metric theory, "a linear connection" or related affine theories, or metric-affine gravitation theory. Rather than trying to discover correct calculations for the matter side of the Einstein field equations, it is instead proposed to change the gravitational side of the equation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Riccardo Rattazzi</span> Italian theoretical physicist and professor

Riccardo Rattazzi is an Italian theoretical physicist and a professor at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. His main research interests are in physics beyond the Standard Model and in cosmology.

References

  1. ↑ Odintsov, Sergei. "Sergei D Odintsov Curriculum Vitae".
  2. ↑ "Editorial Board of Gravitation and Cosmology" (Online access). Springer. Retrieved 9 July 2019.
  3. ↑ "Editorial Board of International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics" (Online access). World Scientific Publishing . Retrieved 9 July 2019.
  4. ↑ "Editorial Board of International Journal of Modern Physics D" (Online access). World Scientific Publishing . Retrieved 9 July 2019.
  5. ↑ "Journal of Gravity — an Open Access Journal". Archived from the original on 7 July 2014. Retrieved 30 June 2014.
  6. ↑ "Editorial Board of Universe" (Online access). MDPI Publishing. 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  7. ↑ "Russian Physics Journal". SpringerLink. Retrieved 21 January 2025.
  8. ↑ "Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin :: Editorial Board".
  9. ↑ "Advisory panel – Classical and Quantum Gravity – IOPscience".
  10. ↑ "10 самых известных в мире ученых русского происхождения. Сергей Одинцов | Новости". 20 October 2011. Archived from the original on 6 July 2014. Retrieved 30 June 2014.
  11. ↑ "The World's Most Influential Scientific Minds 2014 | Thomson Reuters". Archived from the original on 7 October 2014. Retrieved 9 October 2014.
  12. 1 2 "Odintsov, Sergei page at ICREA". ICREA.
  13. ↑ "Inspire".
  14. ↑ "Sergei D. Odintsov".
  15. ↑ Buchbinder, I. L., Odintsov, S. D., & Shapiro, I. L. (1992). Effective action in quantum gravity. (Tomsk Pedagogical Inst.) Published in Bristol, UK: IOP (1992) 413 p
  16. ↑ Nojiri, Shin'Ichi; Odintsov, Sergei D.; Zerbini, Sergio (2000). "Quantum (in)stability of dilatonic AdS backgrounds and the holographic renormalization group with gravity". Physical Review D. 62 (6): 064006. arXiv: hep-th/0001192 . Bibcode:2000PhRvD..62f4006N. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.62.064006. S2CID   15133708.
  17. ↑ Nojiri, Shin'Ichi; Odintsov, Sergei D. (2000). "Brane world inflation induced by quantum effects". Physics Letters B. 484 (1–2): 119–123. arXiv: hep-th/0004097 . Bibcode:2000PhLB..484..119N. doi:10.1016/S0370-2693(00)00629-8. S2CID   2379752.
  18. ↑ Elizalde, Emilio; Nojiri, Shin'Ichi; Odintsov, Sergei D. (2004). "Late-time cosmology in a (phantom) scalar-tensor theory: Dark energy and the cosmic speed-up". Physical Review D. 70 (4): 043539. arXiv: hep-th/0405034 . Bibcode:2004PhRvD..70d3539E. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.70.043539. S2CID   8695371.
  19. ↑ Nojiri, Shin'Ichi; Odintsov, Sergei D. (2006). "Unifying phantom inflation with late-time acceleration: Scalar phantom–non-phantom transition model and generalized holographic dark energy". General Relativity and Gravitation. 38 (8): 1285–1304. arXiv: hep-th/0506212 . Bibcode:2006GReGr..38.1285N. doi:10.1007/s10714-006-0301-6. S2CID   119380235.
  20. ↑ Capozziello, Salvatore (2002). "Curvature Quintessence". International Journal of Modern Physics D. 11 (4): 483–491. arXiv: gr-qc/0201033 . Bibcode:2002IJMPD..11..483C. doi:10.1142/S0218271802002025. S2CID   7662085.
  21. ↑ Nojiri, Shin'Ichi; Odintsov, Sergei D. (2003). "Modified gravity with negative and positive powers of curvature: Unification of inflation and cosmic acceleration". Physical Review D. 68 (12): 123512. arXiv: hep-th/0307288 . Bibcode:2003PhRvD..68l3512N. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.68.123512. S2CID   8970997.
  22. ↑ Nojiri, Shin'Ichi; Odintsov, Sergei D. (2005). "Modified Gauss–Bonnet theory as gravitational alternative for dark energy". Physics Letters B (Submitted manuscript). 631 (1–2): 1–6. arXiv: hep-th/0508049 . Bibcode:2005PhLB..631....1N. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2005.10.010. S2CID   119453685.
  23. ↑ Nojiri, Shin'Ichi; Odintsov, Sergei D. (2008). "Modified non-local-F(R) gravity as the key for the inflation and dark energy". Physics Letters B. 659 (4): 821–826. arXiv: 0708.0924 . Bibcode:2008PhLB..659..821N. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2007.12.001. S2CID   119273009.
  24. ↑ "Utenlandske medlemmer naturvitenskapelig klasse | DKNVS". Archived from the original on 22 December 2013. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
  25. ↑ "Sergei D. Odintsov receives the Amaldi Medal | News - ICE - INSTITUT DE CIÈNCIES DE l'ESPAI". Archived from the original on 15 July 2015. Retrieved 30 June 2014.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.