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There are differing definitions of service-learning. Weigert states that in service-learning "three of the elements focus more on the community side of the equation; the other three focus more on the campus side. On the community side: the student provides some meaningful service, that meets a need or goal, that is defined by a community (or some of its members). On the campus side: the service provided by the student flows from and into course objectives, is integrated into the course by means of assignments that require some form of reflection on the service in light of course objectives, and the assignment is assessed and evaluated accordingly." [1]
Many universities, community colleges, and K-12 schools offer programs that focus on service-learning. Some schools have a well-embedded program that offers credit, while others may utilize it as a classification on a transcript or as a certificate. Below is a list of examples (not all inclusive) of different service-learning programs offered throughout the United States. The universities listed (in alphabetical order) have exemplified service-learning as an academic philosophy on their campus.
Boise State University's service-learning center supports faculty, students, and community organizations to connect classroom learning with hands-on community engagement. BSU believes service-learning "enhances student learning, addresses critical community issues, and builds students’ capacities to be change makers in their local, national and global communities." [2] [3] [4] Boise State University also offers a Service-Learning Exhibit [5] in Fall and Spring that allows students to showcase their service-learning project through a professional poster or video. [6]
Duke University's service-learning program focuses specifically on assistance to faculty members interested in integrating service-learning into their courses. This includes consultation, training, research opportunities, funding, resources, and advocacy for the work of university faculty, staff, and students as they work with communities. [7] [8]
The Kernodle Center for Civic Life at Elon University focuses on inspiring and preparing students to work with diverse communities while addressing local and global concerns and issues. Their goal is to help students become active and civic members in their community. The Center emphasizes student learning opportunities that specifically address the common good." [9] [10]
Georgetown University's Center for Social Justice (CSJ) designates community-based learning courses. Community-based activities have been called “service-learning.” Students must complete a specific amount of 20 to 40 hours of community-based work which includes course assignments." [11] [12] Some universities do not require specific hours.
The Center of Service-Learning and Civic Engagement at Michigan State "provide active, service-focused, community-based, mutually beneficial, integrated, learning opportunities for students, building and enhancing their commitment to academics, personal and professional development, and civic responsibility." [13] [14] MSU provides a toolkit for faculty and instructors interested in incorporating service-learning into their classrooms. [15]
The Student Community Engagement Center (SCEC) at Portland State believe that community members can create social change. They encourage engagement activities/opportunities in order to support this cause. [16] [17] [18] Portland State University also offers one of the few graduate certificates in the United States that focuses on service-learning. [19]
At Purdue University, service-learning focused on the education and academic aspect of service-learning: a) participate in an organized service activity that meets community-identified needs; b) use knowledge and skills directly related to a course, discipline and/or specific learning outcomes; and c) reflect on the service activity in such a way as to gain further understanding of course content and/or learning outcomes and an enhanced sense of personal values and civic responsibility." [20] [21] Purdue University provides students the opportunity to showcase their service-learning and community based projects in an undergraduate journal titled Puarning and International Engagementrdue Journal of Service-Learning. [22] [23] Purdue University also has a service-learning program specifically in the engineering department called EPICS (de-abbreviate). [24] [25] [26] [27]
Tulane University writes believes in “learning by doing” which enables students to apply academic knowledge and critical thinking skills to meet genuine community needs. Through deep reflection and assessment, students gain deeper understanding of course content and the importance of civic engagement. The university focuses on a research agenda that encompasses students, faculty, and community partners. [28] [29] [30]
APPLES Service-Learning [31] is a student-led program at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill that transforms educational experiences by connecting academic learning and public service. Since 1990, APPLES has strengthened civic engagement by bringing together students, faculty and communities in sustained and mutually beneficial partnerships". [32] [33] [34]
The McGrath Institute for Church Life at the University of Notre Dame provides opportunities to be in several different service learning activities that include Catholic theology, ministry, spirituality, and formation. [35] [36] [37] The university offers a unique experience called the Echo Graduate Service Program [38] where you can earn a Masters of Arts in theology.
At Vanderbilt University, community engagement pedagogies, often called “service learning,” are ones that combine learning goals and community service in ways that can enhance both student growth and the common good. Vanderbilt University creates collaborative projects between faculty and community partners where students apply course content to community-based activities. [39] [40] [41]
English as a second or foreign language is the use of English by speakers with different native languages, often with students whose native language is not English and are learning to speak and write English, commonly among students. Language education for people learning English may be known as English as a foreign language (EFL), English as a second language (ESL), English for speakers of other languages (ESOL), English as an additional language (EAL), or English as a new language (ENL), which refers to the practice of studying English in a country where it is not the dominant language. These programs, especially ESL, are usually an academic subject, course, or program designed to teach English to students who are not yet proficient in the language. While some people only refer to learning in an English-speaking country, learning this language can also entail learning in a non-English speaking or non-native nation.
Experiential education is a philosophy of education that describes the process that occurs between a teacher and student that infuses direct experience with the learning environment and content. This concept is distinct from experiential learning, however experiential learning is a subfield and operates under the methodologies associated with experiential education. The Association for Experiential Education regards experiential education as "a philosophy that informs many methodologies in which educators purposefully engage with learners in direct experience and focused reflection in order to increase knowledge, develop skills, clarify values, and develop people's capacity to contribute to their communities". The Journal of Experiential Education publishes peer-reviewed empirical and theoretical academic research within the field.
Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) is a public research university in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. It is a collaboration between Indiana University and Purdue University that offers undergraduate, graduate, and professional degrees from both universities. Administered primarily through Indiana University as a core campus and secondarily through Purdue University as a regional campus, it is Indiana's primary urban research and academic health sciences institution. IUPUI is located in downtown Indianapolis along the White River and Fall Creek.
Service-learning is an educational approach that combines learning objectives with community service in order to provide a pragmatic, progressive learning experience while meeting societal needs.
Residence Life is the comprehensive program that surrounds the experience of living "on and off campus" in a residence hall at a college or university. Residence Life is usually structured with planned events, a code of conduct and ethics, and a relatively large array of staff.
Second language writing is the study of writing performed by non-native speakers/writers of a language as a second or foreign language. According to Oxford University, second language writing is the expression of one's actions and what one wants to say in writing in a language other than one's native language. The process of second language writing has been an area of research in applied linguistics and second language acquisition theory since the middle of the 20th century. The focus has been mainly on second-language writing in academic settings.
Civic engagement or civic participation is any individual or group activity addressing issues of public concern. Civic engagement includes communities working together or individuals working alone in both political and non-political actions to protect public values or make a change in a community. The goal of civic engagement is to address public concerns and promote the quality of the community.
A learning community is a group of people who share common academic goals and attitudes and meet semi-regularly to collaborate on classwork. Such communities have become the template for a cohort-based, interdisciplinary approach to higher education. This may be based on an advanced kind of educational or 'pedagogical' design.
Team-based learning (TBL) is a collaborative learning and teaching strategy that enables people to follow a structured process to enhance student engagement and the quality of student or trainee learning. The term and concept was first popularized by Larry Michaelsen, the central figure in the development of the TBL method while at University of Oklahoma in the 1970s, as an educational strategy that he developed for use in academic settings, as in medical education. Team-based learning methodology can be used in any classroom or training sessions at school or in the workplace.
Campus Compact is a coalition of colleges and universities committed to fulfilling the public purposes of higher education.
LGBT student centers and services are administrative offices of a college, university or students' union that provide resources and support for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) students. LGBT has expanded to LGBTQ2IA+ to include lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, two-spirit, intersex, asexual and other identities.
Temple University, Japan Campus is an international campus of Temple University. TUJ is located in Setagaya-ku, Tokyo and Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan. It is the oldest and largest foreign university in Japan, with approximately 1,840 matriculated undergraduate students, of which approximately 40% are from Japan.
Student engagement occurs when "students make a psychological investment in learning. They try hard to learn what school offers. They take pride not simply in earning the formal indicators of success, but in understanding the material and incorporating or internalizing it in their lives."
Academic advising is, according to the National Academic Advising Association, "a series of intentional interactions with a curriculum, a pedagogy, and a set of student learning outcomes. Academic advising synthesizes and contextualizes students' educational experiences within the frameworks of their aspirations, abilities and lives to extend learning beyond campus boundaries and timeframes."
Teaching and learning centers are independent academic units within colleges and universities that exist to provide support services for faculty, to help teaching faculty to improve their teaching and professional development. Teaching centers also routinely provide professional development for graduate students as they prepare for future careers as teaching faculty. Some centers also may provide learning support services for students, and other services, depending on the individual institution. Teaching and learning centers may have different kinds of names, such as faculty development centers, teaching and learning centers, centers for teaching and learning, centers for teaching excellence, academic support centers, and others; a common abbreviation is TLC.
William Marmaduke Plater is an American higher education consultant and Indiana University Chancellor's Professor Emeritus of Public Affairs, Philanthropy, and English, and Executive Vice Chancellor and Dean of the Faculties Emeritus at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI).
Robert L. Selman is an American-born educational psychologist and perspective-taking theorist who specializes in adolescent social development. He is currently a professor of Education and Human Development at the Harvard Graduate School of Education, and a professor of psychology in Medicine at Harvard University. He is also known as the author of the 1980s G.I. Joe public service announcements.
Renee Hobbs is an American scholar and educator who works in the field of media literacy education. She is Professor of Communication Studies at the Harrington School of Communication and Media,University of Rhode Island and founder of the Media Education Lab.
Teaching English as a second (TESL) orforeign language (TEFL) and teaching English to speakers of other languages (TESOL) are terms that refer to teaching English to students whose first language is not English. The terms TEFL, TESL, and TESOL distinguish between a class's location and student population, and have become problematic due to their lack of clarity. TEFL refers to English-language programs conducted in countries where English is not the primary language, and may be taught at a language school or by a tutor. For some jobs, the minimum TEFL requirement is a 100-hour course; the 120-hour course is recommended, however, since it may lead to higher-paid teaching positions. TEFL teachers may be native or non-native speakers of English.
Karl A. Smith is a metallurgical engineer, academic and author. He is an emeritus Cooperative Learning Professor of Engineering Education at Purdue University's School of Engineering Education, as well as an emeritus Professor of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, Morse-Alumni Distinguished University Teaching Professor, and Faculty Member at the Technological Leadership Institute at the University of Minnesota.
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