A family tree, also called a genealogy or a pedigree chart, is a chart representing family relationships in a conventional tree structure. More detailed family trees, used in medicine and social work, are known as genograms.
The Bully Kutta is a type of large dog that originated in the Indian subcontinent, dating back to the 16th century. The Bully Kutta is a working dog used for hunting and guarding. The type is popular in the Punjab region of India and Pakistan, including Haryana and Delhi, as well as in Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu.
Chak, a Punjabi word, is the land revenue settlement/assessment circle marking a contiguous block of land. The word Chak comes from Chakar referring to a wheel in Punjabi, specifically a wheel associated with a water well. Historically there was one water well allotted per village and every village number allotted as per water-well wheel. Now the individual chak circles have come to be associated with the name of the village founded within the revenue circle. Chak circles are based on the British Raj era revenue collection system. To enhance the government revenue during the British Raj, new canals were built to bring the barani (rainfed) areas under cultivation by introducing the irrigation to the bangar (upland) areas of Punjab region. Block of contiguous land irrigated by the specific Rajwaha were given a unique chak number each. The migrant farmers were brought in to settle into those newly irrigated areas around the core of new villages [which started out as dhanis]. Those new villages were called by the same name as their corresponding irrigation circle chak number. Government left it to those residents to give "chaks" a proper village name later. In due time, the term "chak" became synonymous with the term "village".
Nambardaar a head of the village who is responsible for certifying land ownership records for governmental purposes, especially in India and Pakistan. This practice dates back to British rule in India. The Nambardaar is also responsible for certifying birth and death. He collects chula tax or Abiana for revenue department in Pakistan from the villagers/farmers and deposits it to the government. The Nambardaar keeps a fixed percentage of the collection as his income. Some people use the term Lambardaar for the same purpose.
Kahuta Tehsil is one of the seven tehsils (subdivisions) of Rawalpindi District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The neighbouring tehsil of Kallar Sayedan used to be part of Kahuta, but was later created as separate tehsil. The name Kahuta was derived from "Koh" a local medicinal tree and "Boota". Perhaps "Koh Boota" was shortened to Kohuta/Kahuta over the passage of time.
Numbardar or Lambardar is a title in the Indian subcontinent which applies to powerful families of zamindars of the village revenue estate, a state-privileged status which is hereditary and has wide-ranging governmental powers share in it, the collaboration with the police for maintaining law and order in the village, and it comes with the associated social prestige. In contrast, the Zaildar who was the grand jagirdar and usually had the power over 40 to 100 villages. The Zail and Zaildar system of British Raj was abolished in 1952 in India but the lambardar system still continues in Pakistan and in some places in India.
Mohinder Singh Randhawa or M. S. Randhawa was an Indian historian, civil servant, botanist, and author. He played major roles in the establishment of agricultural research in India, the Green Revolution in India, resettling Punjabis uprooted by Partition as the Director-General of Rehabilitation, establishing the city of Chandigarh and documenting the arts of Punjab, the history of agriculture in India. A biographer, Gulzar Singh Sandhu, gave him the sobriquet Punjab da Chhewan Dariya, the sixth river of Punjab.
Shiv Kumar Batalvi was an Indian poet, writer and playwright of the Punjabi language. He was most known for his romantic poetry, noted for its heightened passion, pathos, separation and lover's agony, due to that he was also called Birha Da Sultan.
Zaildar was the title of the grand jagirdars (landlords) of the area, who were in charge of a Zail which was an administrative unit of group of villages during the British Indian Empire. The Settlement Officer, with the advice of the Deputy Commissioner, was responsible for appointing Zaildars from amongst the men of the tribe or the area, thus reinforcing his preexisting social authority with the official sanction as the representative of the government. Each Zail was an administrative unit, extending between 40 and 100 villages. Each village was headed by the Lambardar who was assisted by the Safedposh Zamindars of the village. Zaildars were the revenue-collecting officers and were also responsible for maintaining law and order. The Lambardar and Safedposh assisted the Zaildar. The Zaildar in turn assisted the Deputy Commissioner. The Zaildar was more influential than the Lambardar because a Zail included several villages.
HALRIS (Haryana Land Record Information System) is a Visual Basic/Microsoft SQL Server based software system used by the Haryana government for the computerisation of land records in its tehsils. It was developed by National Informatics Centre - Haryana State unit. The project was inaugurated on 1 November 2003 by Hon’ble Chief Minister Ch. Om Prakash Chautala in Sirsa District on the occasion of Haryana Day. HALRIS has been implemented in all Tehsils and subtehsils of Haryana.
Sahota, also Sihota, is a Jat agricultural clan native to the Punjab region and hilly regions of India and Pakistan. as well as Jalandhar district of Punjab. During the early 16th century, in the southern region of Doaba, five brothers from the Sahota clan founded and established the village Kuleta alongside villages such as Dhuleta,Bahopur, Rurka Khurd, and Atta.
A Village Accountant or Karanam, Patwari, Talati, Lekhpal is a government role in rural areas of the Indian subcontinent. Introduced during the early 16th century, it was maintained by the British Raj. The official, as a representative of the state, is responsible for keeping land records, agricultural records and collecting taxes and acting as the revenue police in certain areas where they were given special jurisdiction.
Khādir or Khadar and Bangar, Bāngur or Bhangar are terms used in Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi and Sindhi in the Indo-Gangetic plains of North India and Pakistan to differentiate between two types of river plains and alluvial soils. Bangur and Khadir areas are commonly found in the doab regions. Some villages may have both Khadar and Bangar areas within their revenue boundaries. Bhangar soils are less fertile as they are above flood level whereas Khadar soils are more fertile as they are below the flood level. Bhanger is full of kankers while khadar soil is composed of fine silt and clay. It is fertile land as it contains alluvial soil deposited by rivers.
Kali Bair is an old village situated in the suburbs of Nankana Sahib city, Punjab province, Pakistan. On the world map the location of the village comes at 31’24’16.19’’N and 73’44’54.62’’E. Kali Bair word refers to a black hackberry tree which is usually not black. Kali means Black and Bair means hackberry or nettle tree. Arabic word for Bair is Sidrah. There was a black hackberry (Bair) tree here which is rare to find in any area. That’s why the place started to be known by that very tree. Formerly it had been in the jurisdiction of Sheikhupura district, however during the presidential period of Pervez Musharraf, Nankana Sahib was promoted from Tehsil level to a district. Now the village has been announced to be the part of the municipal corporation.
A Khasra Girdawari is a legal Revenue Department document used in India and Pakistan that specifies land and crop details. It is often used in conjunction with a shajra, which is a family tree of owner ;used for reference map of the village that administers the land described by the khasra girdawari. Khasras traditionally detail "all the fields and their areas, measurement, who owns and what cultivators he employs, what crops, what sort of soil, what trees are on the land.". In Indian Land record system, "Khatauni" is an account book, "Khasra girdawari" is a survey book and "Sajra" is the village map. At village level, patwari is appointed to update and maintain these land records.
Baden Henry Powell, latterly known as Baden Henry Baden-Powell, CIE FRSE, was an English civil servant in Bengal who served as a conservator of forests in Punjab and as a Chief Court Judge. He became an Additional Commissioner at Lahore and was made Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire in 1883. He wrote on a variety of topics including land tenure, forest conservation and law.
Nawab Iftikhar Hussain Khan of Mamdot was a Pakistani politician and an advocate of the Pakistan Movement in British India. After Pakistan's Independence, He served as the 1st Chief Minister of West Punjab and later as the Governor of Sindh.
Bhadani is a village in Jhajjar Tehsil in Jhajjar district of Haryana State, India. It belongs to Rohtak Division. Bhadani and Khera (Bhadana) are two villages adjacent to each other and Kheri Asra, Surkhpur, Jhajjar, Shekhupur and Kablana, Chudani are nearby villages. It is located 10 km towards East from District headquarters Jhajjar. 10 km from Jhajjar. 269 km from State capital Chandigarh. Its Pin code is 124104 and postal head office is Nehru College Jhajjar.
Mahil Gaila in the district of Jullundur, Punjab, India is the ancestral village of the Mahal family.
Afsar is a 2018 Indian Punjabi film directed by Gulshan Singh, starring Tarsem Jassar, Nimrat Khaira, Gurpreet Ghuggi and Karamjit Anmol. The film is based on the concept that Kanungo is a higher post than Patwari, but higher respect is given to the Patwari rather than Kanungo. The film is produced by Amiek Virk & Manpreet Johal. it is the debut film for director Gulshan Singh and the debut in a lead role for Nimrat Khaira.
