The measurement of land in Punjab, India is an important aspect of agriculture and land management in the region. Punjab has a unique system of measuring land, typically done in units of bigha and acre. The measurements can vary slightly depending on the specific region and local customs.
The following are the basic measurements of land used in the Punjab region, divided between Indian and Pakistani Punjab and many parts of North India and Pakistan in ascending order. The measurement system is covered in detail in Punjab Weight and Measurement Act 1976.[1]
A commonly used land measurement unit in Punjab is karam or square karam.[3] Other units include the Sarsahi and units listed.[4] This the current system of measurement of farm land.
one 'killa' is of 8 kanaals = 8x605 = 4840sq.yd. (gajz)
one 'murabba' is 25 killas (1,089,000 sq ft = 25 acres)
1 hectare is 2.47 Acres
Killa or acre measurements
A killa or Acre is measured rectangularly, reckoned as an area 36 karams (198ft) x 40 karams (220ft) or 43,560 square feet. Around 1⁄5 killa or acre is known as Bigha.
Kothis (residential homes) and havelis (traditional mansions) are measured in marlas and kanaals.[5][6] Most are two to four kanaals but the big ones can be anything from four to six kanaals.
Units of measurements in Haryana
Following are the current units of measurement as per HALRIS.[7] Different areas have different size of Bigha,[7] hence this system is no longer used since 1957 when it was replaced by the standardised Acre-Kanal-Marla based meter system.
Acre-Kanal-Marla system (currently used, standardised metre system)
20 Marlas or 1 Kanal = 604.99996 Sq yard (say 605 Sq yard).
160 Marlas or 8 Kanal = 4839.99998 Sq yard (say 4,840 Sq yard or 1 acre or 1 killa)
Non-consolidated areas
These areas have been all consolidated as per the standard system now. These are older measurements from during the British Raj prior to these areas were consolidated. In the areas consolidated on the basis of the local measUte and the non-consolidated areas of Amritsar, Gurdaspur, (except Shahpur Hill Circle and Chak Andar in Pathankot tehsil), Ferozepur (except Fazilka) and the erstwhile princely State of Faridkot. Also applicable for Lahore (Pakistan):
1 Karam 60 inches
1 Sq. Karam or Sarsahi 2.777777 Sq. yds.
9 Sarsahies or 1 Marla 24.999999 Sq. yards say 25 Sq.yards.
20 Marlas or 1 Kanal 499.9999 Sq. yards say 500 Sq.yards
In the areas consolidated on the basis of the local measure and the non-consolidated areas of Hoshiarpur, Jalandhar, Anandpur Sahib (Ropar) and the Shahpur hill Circle in Gurdaspur District during the British Raj.
1 Karam 57.5 inches
1 Sq. Karam or Sarsahi 2.5511188 Sq.yds.
9 Sarsahies or 1 Marla 22.960069 Sq.yards say 22.96 Sq.yds
20 Marlas or 1 Kanal 459.20138 Sq.yards say 459 Sq.yards.
210.8 Marlas 10.54 Kanals 1 Acre or 4840 Sq.yds
Consolidated areas based on non-standard measures in erstwhile princely State of Kapurthala
In the area consolidated on the basis of the local measure and the non-consolidated areas of the erstwhile princely State of Kapurthala:
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