Sheffield incest case

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Sheffield Crown Court, where the verdict was announced Sheffield Law Courts.jpg
Sheffield Crown Court, where the verdict was announced

The Sheffield incest case concerns the conviction in November 2008 in Sheffield Crown Court of a 54-year-old English man who, undetected over a period of 25 years, repeatedly raped his two daughters and fathered seven surviving children with them. Apparently unrepentant, he received 25 concurrent life sentences and is required to serve a minimum of fourteen and a half years in prison. His original sentence was life with a minimum period of 19 years 6 months, but this was overturned on appeal having been ruled excessive. After this and a similar incest case in Swindon in 2003, independent inquiries were set up to examine the way in which the case was dealt with by local authorities, the medical profession, and child help agencies.

Contents

"British Fritzl"

The defendant in the case was referred to as the "British Fritzl", [1] "The Gaffer" (a name he called himself), [2] or "Mr. X." [3] Because of a court order to protect his daughters and their seven surviving children [4] his name has not been formally revealed. He was responsible for forcibly impregnating his daughters multiple times from the early 1980s until his arrest in 2008. [5] Parallels were drawn between him and Josef Fritzl, the perpetrator of an Austrian incest case which had come to light a few months earlier. [6]

Prolonged incestuous abuse

The man continued the abuse by frequently relocating his family to keep them isolated, keeping them out of school when they had any visible injuries, [7] and threatening them with violence. The children's mother had left some years before due to the violence she endured.

The sexual abuse began when the girls were eight and ten years old. The perpetrator would call their names in the middle of the night, and even smear "fake blood" on their doors while they were sleeping. He used threatening behaviour to enforce the abuse, including beating the victims and pushing their heads close to a gas fire so they were scorched if they moved away. [7] He threatened to kill both them and their children if they told anyone of the abuse. All the children said he dominated the family. To begin with, the attacks occurred every day, then frequently every two [2] to three days, with the one daughter babysitting while the other was raped. [6] He continued to rape them while they were pregnant. [2]

His two daughters had nineteen pregnancies between them, including five miscarriages, five terminations and two children dying soon after birth. [8] Seven of their children survived. He was said to have 'taken pleasure' from the harm he was inflicting, [6] and the fathering of the children, despite the difficult pregnancies and deaths. [2] If they took contraceptive pills, he told them to stop it and they felt they had to obey. [8]

The women's relationships with their current partners gave them the courage to come forward. Although the man at first denied the crimes, DNA testing confirmed that he was the father of the women's children. The women said that while his imprisonment gave them the knowledge that he could not physically touch them again, the suffering he caused would continue for many years and they now had to concentrate on finding the strength to rebuild their lives. [8]

Response of government and local authorities

Gordon Brown, the Prime Minister at the time, responded to the concerns of MPs from Sheffield, including Nick Clegg the leader of the Liberal Democrats, and David Blunkett by saying he was "outraged at the unspeakable abuse committed", and any changes to the system that were needed would be made.

The case had gone undetected by social services agencies, schools and hospitals, despite the numerous pregnancies, and despite the girls at times having unexplained injuries. Schools attributed facial injuries of the girls to bullying. [3] The victims had hidden from hospitals that the children were fathered by their own father. The man had previously been faced with reports of the incestuous rape of his daughters in a police complaint filed by their brother, but no action was taken by the police, [9] as they considered the brother's word to be hearsay evidence that would not hold up in court, and because the girls would not say anything, due to intimidation.

Family members reported their concerns to the authorities over two decades but nothing was done. Social workers stated that because the father moved the family so often, the girls had little opportunity to form close relationships with teachers, other professionals, or anyone else, reducing the chance of the incest being disclosed. They were known to social services in both Lincolnshire and South Yorkshire, but the abuse was not recognised. In 2008, the family doctor who failed to recognise or report the abuse was suspended by the General Medical Council. [10]

In summing up, the judge stated that although the phrase was overused, it was difficult to imagine a worse case; he had not seen a similar case in forty years of criminal law practice, with no action taken, in spite of obvious signs and agencies' suspicions, and that was why it was going to independent Serious Case Review into the failings of the local authorities and the police. [7] This was conducted by Professor Pat Cantrill, who reported in March 2010. [11]

Medical guidelines

Doctors were said to have failed professional guidelines of the General Medical Council by not informing the authorities, and the handling of the case, together with the failure of institutions to share information with each other, breached recommendations following a review of another case of protracted incest four years before in Swindon. [3]

The family doctor who failed to recognise the signs had already been suspended by the GMC four years before, due to his falling below the minimum standard to the extent that he was exposing patients to risk. Before this doctor's suspension and subsequent departure from practice, the father would bring his daughters with the complications from their nineteen pregnancies and other injuries to him if they needed to see a doctor, even when they moved out of the area. [10] The County Council's director of children's services said treatment of such cases was now handled differently from when the childhood abuse occurred. [3]

Child protection

The case coincided with several other cases in the United Kingdom which highlighted possible problems with the efficiency of child protection services. [4] Prime Minister Gordon Brown stated that the whole country was appalled at the crime and the many chances there may have been for the abuse – which continued for 28 years – to be stopped.[ citation needed ]

The father was said by his sister-in-law to have been motivated in part by wanting to keep for himself the money paid to him by the state in welfare benefits for the numerous children. There were said to have been 150 opportunities for authorities to notice what was happening. [10] For several months, the women tried to pay their father to stop him raping them by giving him £100 a month. They gave him whisky, hoping his drinking would lead to his death. [6] They had called ChildLine, but the organisation was unable to guarantee that their children would not be taken from them, which their father had said would happen, so they ended the call.

See also

Related Research Articles

Incest is sex between close relatives, for example a brother or sister or cousins. This typically includes sexual activity between people in consanguinity, and sometimes those related by lineage. It is condemned and considered immoral in most societies, given that it can lead to an increased risk of genetic disorders in children in case of pregnancy from incestuous sex.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Warren Jeffs</span> American sex offender and cult leader (born 1955)

Warren Steed Jeffs is an American cult leader who is serving a life sentence in Texas for child sexual assault following two convictions in 2011. He is the president of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, a polygamous cult based in Arizona. The FLDS Church was founded in the early-20th century when its founders deemed the renunciation of polygamy by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints to be apostate. The LDS Church disavows any relation between it and the FLDS Church, although there are significant historical ties.

The Golers are a clan of poor, rural families in Canada, on Nova Scotia's South Mountain, near Wolfville, known for inter-generational poverty and the conviction in the 1980s of many family members for sexual abuse and incest.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fritzl case</span> Long-term captivity and abuse of Austrian Elisabeth Fritzl

The Fritzl case emerged in 2008, when a woman named Elisabeth Fritzl informed investigators in the city of Amstetten, Lower Austria, that she had been held captive for 24 years by her father, Josef Fritzl. Fritzl had assaulted, sexually abused and raped his daughter countless times during her imprisonment inside a concealed area in the cellar of the family home.

Lydia Gouardo is a French woman, born in Maisons-Alfort, Val-de-Marne, who was imprisoned for 28 years, raped, and tortured by her father, Raymond Gouardo, in their home in Meaux and Coulommes in Seine et Marne. The abuse took place from 1971 to 1999.

Michele Mongelli is a man from Turin, Italy, who was arrested on 27 March 2009 for allegedly sexually abusing his daughter over 25 years. His son Giuseppe was also arrested on the allegation of abusing his sister and his own four daughters. Because of the similarities, this case has been compared to the Fritzl case in Austria and the Sheffield incest case in Britain.

The Álvarez incest case was uncovered late March 2009 when 59-year-old Arcedio Álvarez was arrested in Mariquita, Colombia, accused of imprisoning and sexually abusing his daughter Alba Nidia Álvarez over a period of 25 years, beginning from when she was nine years old. The daughter also gave birth to 14 children, six of whom died due to lack of medical care.

The Moe incest case emerged in February 2007 when a woman, identified only as "M" for legal reasons, reported to Victoria Police in the Australian town of Moe, Victoria that her 63-year-old father, RSJ, had raped her, physically abused her and kept her prisoner in her own home between 1977 and 2005.

Armando Lucero was an Argentine man arrested in 2009 on charges of raping one of his daughters over a period of 20 years. He was alleged to have fathered seven children with her, and also to have raped two of his other daughters. He was arrested when his daughter went to the police after fears he would abuse her own children.

Kishore Chauhan is a man from Mumbai, India, who was arrested on March 22, 2009, for allegedly sexually abusing his daughters since they were 12 and 9 years old. Also charged were his wife Anjana Chauhan and an astrologer, Hansmukh Rathod. The older victim, aged 21, told police "I want to kill my parents".

The Rochdale child sex abuse ring involved underage teenage girls in Rochdale, Greater Manchester, England. Nine men were convicted of sex trafficking and other offences including rape, trafficking girls for sex and conspiracy to engage in sexual activity with a child in May 2012. This resulted in Greater Manchester Police launching Operation Doublet and other operations to investigate further claims of abuse. As of January 2024 a total of 42 men had been convicted resulting in jail sentences totalling 432 years. Forty-seven girls were identified as victims of child sexual exploitation during the initial police investigation. The men were British Pakistanis, which led to discussion on whether the failure to investigate them was linked to the authorities' fear of being accused of racial prejudice. The girls were mainly White British.

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Pregnancy is a potential result of rape. It has been studied in the context of war, particularly as a tool for genocide, as well as in other unrelated contexts, such as rape by a stranger, statutory rape, incest, and underage pregnancy. The scientific consensus is that rape is at least as likely to lead to pregnancy as consensual sexual intercourse, with some studies suggesting rape may actually result in higher rates of pregnancy than consensual intercourse.

The Derby child sex abuse ring was a group of men who sexually abused up to a hundred girls in Derby, England. In 2010, after an undercover investigation by Derbyshire police, members of the ring were charged with 75 offences relating to 26 girls. Nine of the 13 accused were convicted of grooming and raping girls between 12 and 18 years old. The attacks provoked fierce discussion about race and sexual exploitation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rotherham child sexual exploitation scandal</span> Sexual abuse scandal in Rotherham, England

The Rotherham child sexual exploitation scandal consists of the organised child sexual abuse that occurred in the town of Rotherham, South Yorkshire, Northern England, from the late 1980s until 2013 and the failure of local authorities to act on reports of the abuse throughout most of that period. Researcher Angie Heal, who was hired by local officials and warned them about child exploitation occurring between 2002 and 2007, has since described it as the "biggest child protection scandal in UK history", with one report estimating that 1,400 girls were abused by "grooming gangs" between 1997 and 2013. Evidence of the abuse was first noted in the early 1990s, when care home managers investigated reports that children in their care were being picked up by taxi drivers. From at least 2001, multiple reports passed names of alleged perpetrators, several from one family, to the police and Rotherham Council. The first group conviction took place in 2010, when five British-Pakistani men were convicted of sexual offences against girls aged 12–16.

The Colt family incest case concerns an Australian family discovered in 2012 to have been engaging in five generations of incest beginning with June's parents being brother and sister. June then met Tim and married, who then emigrated from New Zealand in the 1970s. They all lived on a farm near Boorowa, New South Wales. The family members' true identities remain unknown to the public; the name "Colt" is a pseudonym used by New South Wales courts and government agencies, as are all of the family's given names.

In October 2019, a 61 year-old man from South Wales was sentenced for 33 years for serious sexual offences against three of his daughters, spanning 20 years, one of whom was also his granddaughter. He frequently raped his daughters from the ages of 12, 13, or 14, fathering six of his own grandchildren with one. He also arranged for other men to rape his daughters.

The Birmingham bathing cult was a cult based in Birmingham, England that committed serious sexual offences against children for over 20 years. Its leader Michael Oluronbi gave children "holy baths" as cover for the abuse and was jailed for 34 years.

On June 30, 2022, a ten-year-old girl from Columbus, Ohio, United States, traveled to Indiana to get an abortion because abortion law in Ohio did not provide an exception for minor children who became pregnant because of rape. Her case drew national attention and commentary from public figures, due in part to its proximity to the June 24, 2022, decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, which overturned Roe v. Wade and allowed states, including Ohio, to impose substantial limitations on abortion.

References

  1. ↑ Brown, Jonathan; Green, Chris (3 July 2020). "The 'British Fritzl' and his 27-year reign of terror". The Independent .
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Horrors of the 'Evil British Fritzl' who raped pregnant daughters". Metro . 26 November 2008. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Brown, David; Rose, David; Bennett, Rosemary (27 November 2008). "Daughters of Sheffield Mr X rapist were failed by doctors and authorities" . The Times . Retrieved 3 July 2020.
  4. 1 2 "Gordon Brown demands answers in 'British Fritzl' case" . The Times. 26 November 2008. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
  5. ↑ Swaine, Jon (26 November 2008). "Investigation launched after 'British Josef Fritzl' jailed". The Daily Telegraph . Archived from the original on 25 March 2009. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
  6. 1 2 3 4 "Life for father who raped daughters". ITN . 25 November 2008. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  7. 1 2 3 Esther Addley and agencies (26 November 2008). "Authorities under fire over 'British Fritzl' daughter rape case". The Guardian . Retrieved 3 July 2020.
  8. 1 2 3 "Rapist father given life sentence". BBC News . 25 November 2008. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
  9. ↑ "PM 'outrage at unspeakable abuse'". BBC News. 26 November 2008. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
  10. 1 2 3 Lakhani, Nina (30 November 2008). "Doctor linked to 'British Fritzl' case suspended by GMC". The Independent. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
  11. ↑ Davies, Caroline (10 March 2010). "Lost opportunities: how daughters' rape torment went unchecked". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
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