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Khadi, derived from khaddar, is a hand spun and woven natural fibre cloth coined in 1918 by Mahatma Gandhi during freedom struggle of the Indian subcontinent, 'Khadi' term is used throughout India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. The first piece of the hand-woven cloth was manufactured in the Sabarmati Ashram during 1917-18. The coarseness of the cloth led Gandhi to call it 'khadi'. The cloth is usually hand spun and woven from cotton. However, it may also include silk or wool, which are all spun into yarn on a spinning wheel called a charkha. It is a versatile fabric, cool in summer and warm in winter. In order to improve its looks, khādī/khaddar is sometimes starched to give it a stiffer feel. It is widely accepted in various fashion circles. Popular dresses are made using khadi cloth such as dhoti, kurta, and handloom sarees such as Puttapaka Saree, Kotpad Handloom fabrics, Chamba Rumal, Tussar silk etc. Gajam Anjaiah, an Indian master handloom designer and a recipient of the Padma Shri, is known for his innovation and development of tie-dye handloom products along with the Telia Rumal technique of weaving products based on the Ikat process.
Swarāj can mean generally self-governance or "self-rule", and was used synonymously with "home-rule" by Maharishi Dayanand Saraswati and later on by Mohandas Gandhi, but the word usually refers to Gandhi's concept of Indian independence from foreign domination. Swaraj lays stress on governance, not by a hierarchical government, but by self-governance through individuals and community building. The focus is on political decentralisation. Since this is against the political and social systems followed by Britain, Gandhi's concept of Swaraj advocated India's discarding British political, economic, bureaucratic, legal, military, and educational institutions. S. Satyamurti, Chittaranjan Das and Motilal Nehru were among a contrasting group of Swarajists who laid the foundation for parliamentary democracy in India.
Shri Krishna Sinha, also known as Shri Babu, was the first chief minister of the Indian state of Bihar (1946–61). Except for the period of World War II, Sinha was the chief minister of Bihar from the time of the first Congress Ministry in 1937 until his death in 1961. Along with the Desh Ratna Rajendra Prasad and Bihar Vibhuti Anugrah Narayan Sinha, Sinha is regarded among the 'Architects of Modern Bihar'. He also led the Dalit entry into the Baidyanath Dham temple, which reflected his commitment towards the upliftment and social empowerment of the Dalits. He was the first chief minister in the country to abolish the zamindari system. He underwent different terms of imprisonment for a total of about eight years in British India. Sinha's mass meetings brought hordes of people to hear him. He was known as Bihar Kesari for his lionlike roars when he rose to address the masses. His close friend and eminent Gandhian Bihar Vibhuti A.N. Sinha in his essay Mere Shri Babu wrote that, "Since 1921, the History of Bihar has been the history of the life of Shri Babu".
Jamnalal Bajaj was an Indian industrialist. He founded the Bajaj Group of companies in the 1920s, and the group now has 24 companies, including six that are listed on the bourses. He was also a close and beloved associate of Mahatma Gandhi, who is known to have often declared that Jamnalal was his fifth son.
Narayan Desai was an Indian Gandhian and author.
Satyam Patel was a social worker and activist for the cause of labourers, farmers, untouchables and religious unity in the western state of Gujarat in India.
Vijayendra Kasturi Ranga Varadaraja Rao was an Indian economist, politician and educator.
Dr. Anugrah Narayan Sinha, known as Bihar Vibhuti, was an Indian nationalist statesman, participant in Champaran Satyagraha, Gandhian & one of the architects of modern Bihar, who was the first Deputy Chief Minister and the Finance Minister of the Indian state of Bihar (1946–1957). He was also a Member of the Constituent Assembly of India, which was elected to write the Constitution of India and served in its first Parliament as an independent nation. He also held a range of portfolios including Labour, Local Self Government, Public Works, Supply & Price Control, Health and Agriculture. A.N. Sinha, affectionately called Babu Saheb, was a very close associate of Mahatma Gandhi during the freedom struggle movement and worked with Bihar Kesari Dr. Sri Krishna Sinha to lead the Gandhian movement in Bihar One of the leading nationalists in the Indian independence movement from Bihar after Dr Rajendra Prasad, he was elected as the Congress Party deputy leader in the state assembly to assume office as first Deputy Chief Minister cum Finance Minister of independent Bihar, and re-elected when the Congress Party won Bihar's first general election with a massive mandate in 1952.
Gandhian economics is a school of economic thought based on the spiritual and socio-economic principles expounded by Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi. It is largely characterised by rejection of the concept of the human being as a rational actor always seeking to maximize material self-interest that underlies classical economic thinking. Where Western economic systems were based on what he called the “multiplication of wants,” Gandhi felt that this was both unsustainable and devastating to the human spirit. His model, by contrast, aimed at the fulfillment of needs – including the need for meaning and community. As a school of economics the resulting model contained elements of protectionism, nationalism, adherence to the principles and objectives of nonviolence and a rejection of class war in favor of socio-economic harmony. Gandhi's economic ideas also aim to promote spiritual development and harmony with a rejection of materialism. The term "Gandhian economics" was coined by J. C. Kumarappa, a close supporter of Gandhi.
J. C. Kumarappa was an Indian economist and a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi. A pioneer of rural economic development theories, Kumarappa is credited for developing economic theories based on Gandhism – a school of economic thought he coined "Gandhian economics."
Nagarajan Vittal is an Indian civil servant, who has held a number of senior positions in the Government of India, most prominently that of Central Vigilance Commissioner. Over 35 years, he has held a number of positions at the State Government and Central Government level, primarily in the fields of industrial administration, science and technology, and security, as well as posts within public-private sector joint enterprises. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian award, in 2012.
The Institute of Advanced Studies in Education (IASE) is a deemed university in Sardarshahar, Rajasthan, India. The university is accredited as a "B+" institute by the NAAC.it is located in Churu District of Rajasthan.Iase is a deemed university recognised by ugc under section u/s 3 of ugc act-1956vide notification by MHRD no f.9-29/2000-u.3.Govt.of India. iase university is affiliated by govt.of India, MHRD notification on declaring the institute as Deemed to be University under f.9-6/81-u.3 dated 25 October 1983. IASE University's registrar is Dr.R.S Tripathy.
Rajagopal P. V., is an Indian Gandhian activist, is a former Vice Chairman of the Gandhi Peace Foundation, New Delhi. and the president and founding member of Ekta Parishad, Rajagopal started his peace-building by working alongside Gandhian stalwarts J.P. Narayan and Subba Rao to disarm 578 dacoits (outlaws) in Chambal region of India in 1972. Thereafter the young Gandhian turned away from dealing with the direct violence and the cycle of revenge of dacoits, to the indirect violence suffered by Adivasis, bonded labourers and other landless communities affected from poverty and exploitation.
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Moosa Raza is the chairman of the South Indian Educational Trust (S.I.E.T.), which runs six educational institutions; he is also chairman of the executive committee of Coastal Energen Pvt. Ltd. Raza has written a widely read book, Of Nawabs and Nightingales.
Parimal Dhirajlal Nathwani is an Indian politician and industrialist. He was elected to the Rajya Sabha, upper house of the Parliament of India from Andhra Pradesh in the 2020 Rajyasabha elections for the third time earlier he was elected twice from Jharkhand. He was an entrepreneur and a trader until the mid-1990s. He joined Reliance Group in 1997. As of 2016, he was the Group President of Corporate Affairs at Reliance Industries Ltd., a part of the headed by Mukesh Ambani. Nathwani closely worked with Dhirubhai Ambani and now has been working with RIL CMD Mukesh Ambani.He is a key member in the core leadership at RIL. Nathwani helped Dhirubhai Ambani in realizing his dream. He played a pivotal role in land acquisition and setting up the biggest grassroots crude oil refinery on the western coast near Jamnagar in Gujarat.
Mansukh Laxmanbhai Mandaviya is an Indian politician currently serving as the Minister of Health & Family Welfare and Chemical and Fertilizers of India. He is also a Rajya Sabha member from Gujarat.
Acharya Ramamurti was an Indian social activist, gandhian, educationist and academic. He headed the review committee of 1990, popularly known as Ramamurti Review Committee, for evaluating the progress of the National Policy on Education of 1986. He was the director of Shrambharati, a non governmental organization, engaged in community development, adhering to Gandhian ideals. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian award of the Padma Shri in 1999.
Mohanlal Lallubhai Dantwala (1909–1998) was an Indian agricultural economist, academic and writer, considered by many as the father of Indian Agricultural Economics. He was a Gandhian and an Indian independence activist and he suffered incarceration for over six years during the Indian freedom struggle. He authored several books and articles on the agricultural sector of India and was the founder chairperson of the Centre For Development Alternatives (CFDA), a research centre promoting development studies. The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan, in 1969, for his contributions to Indian science and technology.
Annasaheb Sahasrabuddhe was an Indian independence activist, Gandhian, social worker and one of the leaders of Bhoodan movement, initiated by Vinoba Bhave. He was the secretary of Sevagram Trust, Wardha and chaired the Standing Committee of Rural Industries set up by the Government of India, under the aegis of the Planning Commission of India in 1960. When Vinoba Bhave introduced Gramdan program as a part of the Bhoodan movement, Sahasrabuddhe was entrusted with the implementation of the program in Koraput district of Odisha and it was reported that he carried out the scheme successfully. He was a close associate of Baba Amte, a renowned social activist. The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan, in 1970, for his contributions to the society. The story of his life has been documented in his autobiography, Mazi Jadan. The Organic Farming Association of India (OFAI) has instituted an annual award, Annasaheb Sahasrabuddhe Award, in his memory.
References
- ↑ "Governors of Gujarat". worldstatesmen.
- ↑ "Shriman Narayan". Rajbhavan Gujarat (Govt. of Gujarat). Retrieved 16 May 2012.
- ↑ "Members Bioprofile". loksabhaph.nic.in. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
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