S. C. Jamir | |
---|---|
24th Governor of Odisha | |
In office 21 March 2013 –20 March 2018 | |
Chief Minister | Naveen Patnaik |
Preceded by | M C Bhandare |
Succeeded by | Satya Pal Malik |
16th Governor of Maharashtra | |
In office 9 March 2008 –22 January 2010 | |
Chief Minister | Vilasrao Deshmukh Ashok Chavan |
Preceded by | S. M. Krishna |
Succeeded by | K. Sankaranarayanan |
Governor of Gujarat | |
In office 30 July 2009 –26 November 2009 | |
Chief Minister | Narendra Modi |
Preceded by | Nawal Kishore Sharma |
Succeeded by | Kamla Beniwal |
12th Governor of Goa | |
In office 17 July 2004 –21 July 2008 | |
Chief Minister | Manohar Parrikar Pratapsingh Rane Digambar Kamat |
Preceded by | Mohammed Fazal |
Succeeded by | Shivinder Singh Sidhu |
6th Chief Minister of Nagaland | |
In office 22 February 1993 –6 March 2003 | |
Governor | Lokanath Misra V. K. Nayar Oudh Narayan Shrivastava Om Prakash Sharma Shyamal Datta |
Preceded by | (President’s Rule) |
Succeeded by | Neiphiu Rio |
In office 25 January 1989 –10 May 1990 | |
Governor | K. V. Krishna Rao Gopal Singh M. M. Thomas |
Preceded by | (President’s Rule) |
Succeeded by | K. L. Chishi |
In office 18 November 1982 –28 November 1986 | |
Governor | S. M. H. Burney K. V. Krishna Rao |
Preceded by | John Bosco Jasokie |
Succeeded by | Hokishe Sema |
In office 18 April 1980 –5 June 1980 | |
Governor | Lallan Prasad Singh |
Preceded by | Vizol Koso |
Succeeded by | John Bosco Jasokie |
Member of Parliament,Rajya Sabha | |
In office 2 July 1987 –2 April 1992 | |
Constituency | Nagaland |
Member of Parliament,Lok Sabha | |
In office 4 March 1967 –27 December 1970 | |
Preceded by | Constituency Established |
Succeeded by | Kevichüsa Angami |
Constituency | Nagaland |
Parliamentary Secretary | |
In office 5 May 1962 –15 January 1966 [1] | |
Appointed by | Jawaharlal Nehru |
Prime Minister | Jawaharlal Nehru |
Personal details | |
Born | Senayangba Chubatoshi Jamir 17 October 1931 Ungma,Naga Hills District,Assam Province,British India (Now in Mokokchung District,Nagaland,India) |
Political party | Indian National Congress |
Other political affiliations | United Democratic Front—Progressive |
Spouse | Imkonglemla (m. 1958) |
Children | 5 including C. Apok Jamir |
Parent(s) | Senayangba Jamir, Takatula |
Alma mater | Scottish Church College, Kolkata Allahabad University University of Cambodia |
Senayangba Chubatoshi Jamir (born 17 October 1931 [2] ) is an Indian politician and former Governor of Odisha. He was Parliamentary Secretary to Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and Deputy Minister under Indira Gandhi. He has served as the Chief Minister of Nagaland, Governor of Maharashtra, Governor of Gujarat & Governor of Goa. He was awarded the third-highest Civilian Award in India, Padma Bhusan in 2020 for his work in public affairs. [3]
Chubatoshi Jamir was born on 17 October 1931 to Senayangba Jamir and Takatula of Ungma Village. [4] Jamir is the grandson of Jungshinokdang, who in the late 19th century, had the providential opportunity to meet the American Christian Missionary Rev. Edwin W. Clark and was instrumental in bringing Christianity to Nagaland. He did his early education in Mokokchung, at Kolkata's Scottish Church College for his intermediate in arts, [5] and higher studies at Allahabad University from where he subsequently obtained his B.A. and LL.B. degrees. [6]
Jamir was a member of the negotiation body that held talks with Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru in 1960 leading to the establishment of Nagaland as a state within India. [7] [2] He was one of the signatories of the 16th Point Agreement which brought about the creation of Nagaland state and is today considered as one of the architects of modern Nagaland.
Jamir was nominated as the first Lok Sabha Member from the state of Nagaland in year 1961. [8] From 1961 to 1970, he has served as Member of Parliament and during this period he has also served as the Union Deputy Minister of Railways, Labour & Rehabilitation, from 1968 to 1970, served as the Union Deputy Minister of Community Development & Cooperation, Food and Agriculture. [8] He was appointed the Parliamentary Secretary to Jawaharlal Nehru, then Prime Minister who was also in charge of the Ministry of External Affairs. [8] He was a member of UN delegation in 1962.
Having won the previous terms as Member of Parliament uncontested, Jamir faced the electorate in the 1971 Indian general election pitted against Kevichüsa Angami from the newly formed United Front of Nagaland. Jamir was nominated as the candidate of the Naga Nationalist Organisation. In addition to the pledge towards effective measures for the early implementation of unimplemented clauses of the 16 point agreement, the party manifesto said,
...the Naga problem was essentially a political one and a satisfactory settlement acceptable to all sections of Naga people and the Union Government was the only solution. The underground Nagas were an inalienable part of Naga society and they should be associated in the final settlement of the Naga political problem. [9]
The incumbent Deputy Minister of Labour in the Indira Gandhi government was easily defeated by Kevichüsa. [10] In response to his defeat by a novice in electoral politics, Jamir said,
The real cause for this election debacle was the activities of the army in the state and the tantalising offer made by the Opposition candidate to bring independence to Nagaland within a six-month period together with non-compliance of the Government of India with some of the legitimate demands of the ruling party in the State such as vesting the State Government with responsibility of law and order, refusal to give the State a separate Governor, non-integration of continuous Naga areas with Nagaland as demanded by State Government and lack of progress in respect of establishing permanent peace. The seductive calmness that has descended over our state is misleading. Peace hangs by a fragile thread. [11]
In October 1972, Jamir was arrested along with former Nagaland Chief Minister T. N. Angami, and others on the charges of complicity in the assassination attempt on Hokishe Sema in August. [12] The incumbent Chief Minister Hokishe Sema refused to set up an enquiry committee to investigate the details that led to the arrest. Jamir along with others were released when the police could not find sufficient evidence to press charges. Jamir alleged that the confessional statement that led to his arrest was "prepared" by some interested officials "to meet their selfish end." [13]
Jamir served as Chief Minister of Nagaland five times (1980, 1982–1986, 1989–90 and 1993–2003). [7] For his first two terms he was a member of the Progressive United Democratic Front, but by 1989 his party merged with the Indian National Congress. He was a member of the Rajya Sabha from Nagaland for the term 1987–1992, but resigned in 1989. [14]
During the 1991 Indian general election, Jamir directly blamed the incumbent Nagaland Chief Minister Vamüzo Phesao for the ban imposed on National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN) suggesting that it could not have been promulgated without the consultation of the state government. The central government headed by Vishwanath Pratap Singh had outlawed the NSCN along with United Liberation Front of Asom on 28 November 1990. Vamüzo denied that he was ever consulted on the matter. On another occasion, Jamir reteriated that the Naga political problem needed all sections of the Naga people to come together for a durable solution. "No solution was possible through a piecemeal approach," he added. [15]
Two men shot at Jamir in Nagaland House, Delhi on 19 November 1992. [16] Five empty shells were recovered from the spot. [17] He was rushed to the All India Institutes of Medical Sciences where he was admitted into the intensive care unit. [16] This was the third attempt at his life within a year. [17] Several students from Northeast India studying in Delhi were harassed by the police thereafter in the course of the investigation. Students from the Tangkhul Naga community were singled out for special attention. At a press conference, representatives from the Naga People's Movement for Human Rights and the People's Union for Democratic Rights alleged that the police harassing students, ordering them to report at the police station, detaining them, searching their rooms, and confiscating their belonging. Hence, some of the students had returned home while the landlords of others were asking them to leave. [18]
In 1997, during an interview to Nirmaiya Banerjee of the Times of India, Jamir asserted that peace talks with Naga underground groups would be successful only if the Central Government negotiates with all groups. He said,
Those who understand the reality of the situation in Nagaland will understand that [only] talking to the Isak-Muivah faction of the National Socialist Council of Nagaland will not help. All groups must be invited. [19]
In his opinion, all Naga tribes residing in Nagaland must have a say irrespective of their population. Discussions between different sections of the Naga society should be encouraged. [19]
Jamir served as Governor of Goa from July 2004 to July 2008. [7] Following the resignation of Maharashtra Governor S. M. Krishna, on 6 March 2008, President Pratibha Patil asked Jamir to temporarily take the additional charge of Maharashtra. [7] [20] Jamir was formally appointed Governor of Maharashtra on 8 July 2008, [7] while Shivinder Singh Sidhu was appointed to succeed him in Goa. [21] Jamir was sworn in as Governor of Maharashtra on 19 July 2008. [2] In July 2009 he took additional charge of Gujarat state during the medical absence and subsequent death of Governor-designate Devendra Nath Dwivedi. [7] [22] On 9 March 2013, he was appointed Governor of Odisha. [7] [23]
During his tenure as Chief Minister, The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) unearthed a major financial scandal in the Nagaland state lottery amounting to Rs 38,297 crore. The entire scam took place between October 1993 and November 1997. Jamir denied his government's involvement in the financial scandal but the special audit by the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG), ordered by the Union Home Ministry, indicted both the Nagaland Government and the state's sole distributor of tickets, M.S Associates, for defrauding the public as well as the exchequer of the amount in July 1999. [24] [25] This case continues to be pending in the court till date.
Jamir married Imkonglemla, daughter of Senkalemba in 1958 and they have five children[ citation needed ]. His younger daughter died in 1996, while his mother died in 2016, at the age of 101. [26] He was conferred an honorary doctorate from the University of Cambodia in 2017. [27] In year 2020, Mr Jamir was conferred with the third highest civilian award--Padma Bhushan—in the field of public affairs on the occasion of 71st Republic day. [7]
Neiphiu Guolhoulie Rio is an Indian politician who is serving as the 9th and current Chief Minister of Nagaland since 2018, previously 2003 to 2014 and from 2018 till date. He is the only Nagaland Chief Minister to have served five consecutive terms, and is the longest serving Chief Minister of Nagaland. He was also a Member of Parliament from Nagaland in Lok Sabha from 2014 to 2018.
The Aos are a major Naga ethnic group native to Mokokchung District of Nagaland in Northeast India. Their main territory is from Tsüla (Dikhu) Valley in the east to Tsürang (Disai) Valley in the west in Mokokchung District.
Taditui Rangkau Zeliang is an Indian politician who is currently serving as the Deputy Chief Minister of Nagaland. He has served twice as the Chief Minister of Nagaland, from May 2014 to February 2017 and from July 2017 to March 2018. A leader of the Naga People's Front, T. R. Zeliang previously served as a Member of Parliament, representing Nagaland in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament. He served as the Chairman of United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) and was former leader of the NPF Legislature Party and former Leader of Opposition in Nagaland Legislative Assembly.He represents the Peren Assembly constituency in Nagaland Legislative Assembly since 2008.
The National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN) is a Naga militant and separatist group operating mainly in northeastern part of India, with minor activities in northwest Myanmar (Burma). The main aim of the organisation is allegedly to establish a sovereign Naga state, "Nagalim", which would consist of all the areas inhabited by Naga tribes in Northeast India and northwest Myanmar. India claims that China and Pakistan provide financial support and weaponry to the NSCN. Drug trafficking and extortion are believed to be other major sources of income for the NSCN.
Hokishe Sema was an Indian politician who served as the third Chief Minister of Nagaland and the fourth Governor of Himachal Pradesh. He was also a member of the drafting committee of Naga People's Convention.
Naga nationalism is an ideology that supports the self-determination of the Naga people in India and Myanmar, and the furtherance of Naga culture.
Neiliezhü Üsou was an Indian baptist minister and public leader from Nagaland. He was known for his interpretive skills, sermons and involvement with the State Government.
Longri Ao (1906–1981), also known by name Longritangchetha, was an indigenenous Baptist missionary from the North-Eastern state of India, Nagaland. He was a missionary to the Konyak people and a peacemaker. He is known to have risked his life to restore peace in Nagaland, and to negotiate a ceasefire agreement between the Government of India and underground leaders fighting for Nagaland secession from India.
P. Shilu Ao was an Indian politician who was involved in the negotiations leading to the creation of Nagaland, in the north-eastern part of India, as one of the states and territories of India in December 1963. Ao then served as the first Chief Minister of Nagaland until August 1966. Ao played a part in persuading the Indian Government and the Lok Sabha to grant Nagaland separate statehood but was not able to reconcile many Naga nationalists who regarded him and his party, as stooges of the central government.
Thepfülo-u Nakhro was an Indian politician from Nagaland who served as the first Speaker of the Nagaland Legislative Assembly and the second Chief Minister of the North East Indian state of Nagaland.
R. S. Pandey is a politician and a former Indian Administrative Service officer. He was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) from December 2013 - October 2019, and a special invitee member of the BJP National Executive since March 2015. He has been a senior bureaucrat having held key positions across central and Nagaland state government administration.
The Naga Peace Accord is a peace treaty, signed, on 3 August 2015, between the Government of India, and the National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN), to end the insurgency in the state of Nagaland in Northeast India. The Government’s interlocutor for Naga Peace Talks, R. N. Ravi signed it on behalf of the Government of India, whereas Lt. Isak Chishi Swu, Chairman and Thuingaleng Muivah, General Secretary signed on behalf of the NSCN, in presence of the Indian Prime Minister, Narendra Modi.
Mülhüpra Vero (1934–2020) was an Indian politician and the first member of parliament from among the Naga people. He was the recipient of the Padma Shri, India's fourth highest civilian award, in 2006 for his contribution to the social work.
Vizol Vitso-n Koso was an Indian politician from Nagaland who served as the 4th Chief Minister of Nagaland twice from February 1974 until March 1975 and November 1977 until April 1980. He became the Chief Minister of Nagaland as part of the United Democratic Front (Nagaland).
Isak Chishi Swu was the chairman of the Nationalist Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN). He along with Thuingaleng Muivah and S. S. Khaplang were instrumental in the creation of NSCN on 31 January 1980 after opposing the 'Shillong Accord' signed by the then Naga National Council (NNC) with the Indian government. He was unable to attend the historic Naga Framework Agreement signed on 4 August 2015 due to health conditions.
Padma Shri Piyong Temjen Jamir was a noted Hindi scholar and littérateur from Longsa village under Mokokchung district in Nagaland state of India. He was conferred the Padma Sri honour by the President of India, Ram Nath Kovind, in 2018 for the promotion of Hindi language and social work.
Ravindra is an Indian politician and former bureaucrat serving as the current and 15th governor of Tamil Nadu. Ravi served as the 18th governor of Nagaland from 1 August 2019 to 9 September 2021 and as Governor of Meghalaya from 18 December 2019 to 26 January 2020.
The history of the Nagas dates back centuries, but first appear in written records of Ahom kingdom during the medieval period of Indian history. Aside from developing contacts with the Ahom kingdom, which was established in 1228 in Assam, the Nagas generally lived an isolated existence from the outside world. This changed in the 19th century, when the Burmese Empire launched several invasions of Assam between 1817 and 1826, which led the Nagas to briefly fall under Burmese rule. However, the neighboring British Empire annexed Assam in 1828 following the 1826 Treaty of Yandabo.
Elections to the Nagaland Legislative Assembly were held in February 1998 to elect members of the 60 constituencies in Nagaland, India. The Indian National Congress won a majority of the seats and S. C. Jamir was re-appointed as the Chief Minister of Nagaland. The number of constituencies was set as 60 by the recommendation of the Delimitation Commission of India.
Imchalemba is an Indian politician from Nagaland. He was elected as the Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha twice, representing the state in the 10th Lok Sabha and 11th Lok Sabha. He was also the founding editor of the defunct newspaper, Nagaland Times.
{{cite magazine}}
: Unknown parameter |agency=
ignored (help)