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Anemia is a blood disorder in which the blood has a reduced ability to carry oxygen. This can be due to a lower than normal number of red blood cells, a reduction in the amount of hemoglobin available for oxygen transport, or abnormalities in hemoglobin that impair its function. The name is derived from Ancient Greek ἀν- (an-) 'not' and αἷμα (haima) 'blood'.
Thalassemias are a group of inherited blood disorders that manifest as the production of reduced or zero quantities of hemoglobin. Symptoms depend on the type of thalassemia and can vary from none to severe, including death. Often there is mild to severe anemia as thalassemia can affect the production of red blood cells and also affect how long the red blood cells live. Symptoms include tiredness, pallor, bone problems, an enlarged spleen, jaundice, pulmonary hypertension, and dark urine. Children's' growth and development may be slower than normal.
Hydroxycarbamide, also known as hydroxyurea, is an antimetabolite medication used in sickle-cell disease, essential thrombocythemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, polycythemia vera, and cervical cancer. In sickle-cell disease it increases fetal hemoglobin and decreases the number of attacks. It is taken by mouth.
Tionne Tenese Watkins, also known by her stage name T-Boz, is an American singer. Watkins rose to fame in the early 1990s as a member of the girl-group TLC. She has won four Grammy Awards for her work with TLC.
Sickle cell trait describes a condition in which a person has one abnormal allele of the hemoglobin beta gene, but does not display the severe symptoms of sickle cell disease that occur in a person who has two copies of that allele. Those who are heterozygous for the sickle cell allele produce both normal and abnormal hemoglobin.
William Bosworth Castle was an American physician and physiologist who transformed hematology from a "descriptive art to a dynamic interdisciplinary science."
James Van Gundia Neel was an American geneticist who played a key role in the development of human genetics as a field of research in the United States. He made important contributions to the emergence of genetic epidemiology and pursued an understanding of the influence of environment on genes. In his early work, he studied sickle-cell disease and acatalasia. conducted research on the effects of radiation on survivors of the Hiroshima atomic bombing.
Sickle cell disease (SCD), also simply called sickle cell, is a group of hemoglobin-related blood disorders that are typically inherited. The most common type is known as sickle cell anemia. Sickle cell anemia results in an abnormality in the oxygen-carrying protein haemoglobin found in red blood cells. This leads to the red blood cells adopting an abnormal sickle-like shape under certain circumstances; with this shape, they are unable to deform as they pass through capillaries, causing blockages. Problems in sickle cell disease typically begin around 5 to 6 months of age. A number of health problems may develop, such as attacks of pain in joints, anemia, swelling in the hands and feet, bacterial infections, dizziness and stroke. The probability of severe symptoms, including long-term pain, increases with age. Without treatment, people with SCD rarely reach adulthood but with good healthcare, median life expectancy is between 58 and 66 years. All of the major organs are affected by sickle cell disease. The liver, heart, kidneys, gallbladder, eyes, bones, and joints can be damaged from the abnormal functions of the sickle cells and their inability to effectively flow through the small blood vessels.
Chi Eta Phi Sorority, Inc. (ΧΗΦ) is an American professional service organization for registered professional nurses and student nurses, representing many cultures and diverse ethnic backgrounds. Sarah Killian, DNP, RN is the current national president.
Marilyn Hughes Gaston is a physician and researcher. She was the first black woman to direct the Bureau of Primary Health Care in the U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration. She is most famous for her work studying sickle cell disease (SCD).
Angella Dorothea Ferguson is an American pediatrician known for her groundbreaking research on sickle cell disease.
Doris Louise Wethers was an American pediatrician known for her research on sickle-cell disease.
Clarice D. Reid is an American pediatrician born in Birmingham, Alabama, who led the National Sickle Cell Disease Program at the U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) at the National Institutes of Health. She went on to become the Director of Division of Blood Diseases and Resources at NHLBI. Reid was a member of the 1985-1986 Taskforce on Black and Minority Health. She has also served as President Emeritus on the American Bridge Association's Education and Charitable Foundation, and has scored a rare perfect bridge score.
Kellyn George is from Dominica and in 2013 created a support foundation to help people with sickle cell anemia in her homeland. In 2015, she was awarded Queen's Young Leader Award for her activism in changing the lives of people in her community.
William Warrick Cardozo (1905–1962) was an accomplished private physician and pediatrician who also served as an instructor at the Howard University College of Medicine and as a school medical inspector for the District of Columbia Board of Health. He is best known for his research on sickle cell anemia, but also published articles about Hodgkin's disease, the gastrointestinal health of children, and the physical development of African American children. Cardozo was an early African-American contributor in the healthcare profession.
El-Mahdi E. Holly is an American politician from the state of Georgia. A member of the Democratic Party, Holly has served in the Georgia House of Representatives for the 111th and 116th district.
Ruth Robertson Berrey was an American pediatrician, educator, and a medical missionary to Nigeria. Berrey was active within the Alabama Pediatric Society and became a fellow in the American Academy of Pediatrics. As a medical missionary, she helped children in Nigeria and helped reduce leprosy in the population. As a public health officer in four Alabama counties, she conducted clinics for the detection of tuberculosis, cancer, diabetes, sickle cell anemia, and other diseases.
Kwaku Ohene-Frempong was a Ghanaian pediatric hematologist-oncologist and an expert in sickle cell disease (SCD). Ohene-Frempong grew up in Ghana and was a standout athlete in track-and-field, later competing for Yale University as well as Ghana at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games. He continued his medical training in the United States, where he completed medical school, pediatrics residency and a pediatric hematology-oncology fellowship. With a professional interest in SCD, Ohene-Frempong was a physician and involved in public health initiatives at Tulane University School of Medicine in New Orleans, Louisiana, and later the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) in Pennsylvania. He continued professional relationships with Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana where he later became a full-time physician after retiring from CHOP. In Ghana, he established public health initiatives for SCD screening in newborns, as well as an SCD clinic for patients with the disease.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Home". Sickle Cell Disease Association of America Inc.
- ↑ "Welcome Walk with the Stars Participants". sicklecellnationalwalk.com. Archived from the original on 14 May 2014.
- ↑ "TLC's T-Boz targets sickle cell disease". usatoday30.usatoday.com.
- ↑ "Tiki Barber sickle cell Archives". Xickle.
- ↑ "Archived copy". www.negenetics.org. Archived from the original on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ "Ryan Clark News, Videos, Photos, and PodCasts - ESPN". ESPN . Archived from the original on 2 February 2009. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
- ↑ "The McCourty Twins". Tackle Sickle Cell.
- ↑ "Sickle Cell Disease Association of America, Inc. - News & Press". www.sicklecelldisease.org. Archived from the original on 16 September 2013. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
- ↑ McMillen, Matt. "Larenz Tate on Sickle Cell Disease". WebMD.
- ↑ "Holmes' son battles sickle cell disease". Newsday. 2011-11-12. Retrieved 2019-06-22.
