Ski jumping hill

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Overview of a ski jumping hill Ski jumping hill schematic.svg
Overview of a ski jumping hill

A ski jumping hill is a sports venue used for ski jumping. They vary in size from temporary handmade snow structures to permanent competition venues. At the top is an in-run where the jumper runs down to generate sufficient speed, before reaching the jump. The skier is then airborne until landing on the landing slope. The last part of the hill is the out-run, which may be either flat or even uphill, allowing the jumper to stop. The steepest point of the hill is the construction point, which is used to determine the score of a particular length.[ clarification needed ] The size of a hill is measured in the hill size. Hills with a hill size exceeding HS185 are designated ski flying hills; there are five such hills in the world.

Contents

Structure

The twin hills of Lysgardsbakken in Lillehammer, Norway: the normal HS100 hill to the right, the large HS138 hill to the left Lysgard.JPG
The twin hills of Lysgårdsbakken in Lillehammer, Norway: the normal HS100 hill to the right, the large HS138 hill to the left
Ski jump at Puijo in Kuopio, Finland Kuopio PuijoTower 01.jpg
Ski jump at Puijo in Kuopio, Finland
View of the sports complex <<Raubichi>> from top of the ski jump in Minsk, Belarus Centr alimpijskaj padrychtouki Raubicy.jpg
View of the sports complex «Raubichi» from top of the ski jump in Minsk, Belarus

The top of the hill is the start. This allows the jury to regulate the speed of the jumpers in varying wind conditions, by shortening or lengthening the distance along the in-run. The platform has a bar across it, which the jumper sits on. By leaning forward, the jumper will naturally start to glide down the prepared tracks along the in-run. The in-run normally has an angle of 38 to 36 degrees, which then curves into a transition; the last part of the in-run, the take-off, typically has an angle between 7 and 12 degrees downhill. The landing slope has a smooth curve which closely follows the profile of the ski jump; this means that the skier is never more than about 6 meters (20 ft) above the ground. The skier will land on the landing slope, and the rules allow jumpers to land up to ten percent past the construction point. Past the landing slope is the outrun, which is either flat or even uphill, where the skier can slow down. [1] The speed of the skier is normally measured about 10 meters (33 ft) before the end of the takeoff; jumpers can reach speeds of 95 kilometers per hour (59 mph) on large hills and 105 kilometers per hour (65 mph) on ski flying hills. [2]

In 2004, the International Ski Federation replaced the calculation point as the measurement of the size of a hill with hill size. [3] The hill size is the length from the takeoff in a straight line to the knoll and then along the level of the landing slope to the hill size point. The hill size point is calculated based on the technical data of a hill based on radius, angle of inclination and record distance. The calculation point or K-point is slightly further up in the hill and denotes the point where the landing slope is the steepest. It is still used for the calculation of distance points, which along with style points determine the winner of an event. For hills up to large, the scoring system grants 60 points to jumps which reach the critical point. For ski flying hills, 120 points are granted for the critical point length. Based on the hill's length, distance points are calculated, which are added for each meter beyond the critical point and subtracted for each point shorter than the critical point. A meter has more distance points in smaller hills. Hills also have a fall line; a jumper who falls or otherwise touches the ground with their body after the fall line is not penalized. [4]

The measuring of a distance in a hill was traditionally done by people who were positioned along the hill, who would signal where the skier landed. This has been supplanted by an advanced video system, which allows measurements in 0.5-meter increments. [5]

Classification

ClassConstruction point Hill size [4]
Small hill<45<50
Medium hill45–7450–84
Normal hill75–9985–109
Large hill100–169110–184
Ski flying hill≥170≥185

See also

Related Research Articles

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Ski flying is a winter sport discipline derived from ski jumping, in which much greater distances can be achieved. It is a form of competitive individual Nordic skiing where athletes descend at high speed along a specially designed takeoff ramp using skis only; jump from the end of it with as much power as they can generate; then glide – or 'fly' – as far as possible down a steeply sloped hill; and ultimately land within a target zone in a stable manner. Points are awarded for distance and stylistic merit by five judges. Events are governed by the International Ski Federation.

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Pine Mountain Jump

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Vikersundbakken Ski flying hill in Norway

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Okurayama Ski Jump Stadium

The Ōkurayama Ski Jump Stadium, also known as the Ōkurayama-Schanze is a ski jumping venue located in the Miyanomori area in Chūō-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaidō, Japan. Owned mostly by Sapporo City, the ski jump is on the eastern slope of the Mt. Okura. The stadium has hosted a number of winter sports events including 1972 Winter Olympics and FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2007. The area of stadium consists of the Winter Sports Museum, the Ōkurayama Crystal House, and the Mt. Okura Observation Platform, as well as the ski jump.

Trampolino Olimpico Ski jumping hill in Cortina dAmpezzo, Italy

Trampolino Olimpico Italia is a ski jumping hill (K90), built in 1955 in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy. It was the site of the ski jumping, Nordic combined (K90/15.0) and team events for the 1956 Winter Olympics. The Nordic combined event used a shorter in-run to allow average jumps between 60 and 70 meters while the upper starting points on the in-run were calculated to allow jumps of 70 to 80 meters. The 1956 profile had a safety limit of 14.5 m beyond the critical point of 72 m.. Among many national and international competitions starting with the 1927 World Championships, was the inauguration of the FIS Ski Jumping World Cup in 1979. Since the venue lost its FIS-certification in 1990, the installation lies dormant. In its day, the Cortina Ski Jumping hill was regarded as one of the most innovative and still today as one of the most architecturally beautiful examples still in existence. The stadium holds a maximum of 40,000 spectators in the arena and an additional 10.000 in the stands on each side of the hill.

The men's normal hill individual ski jumping competition for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, Canada was held on 12 and 13 February 2010 at Whistler Olympic Park in Whistler, British Columbia. It was the first medal event of the 2010 Games.

Papoose Peak Jumps Ski jumping hill located at Palisades Tahoe

Papoose Peak Jumps was a ski jumping hill located at Palisades Tahoe in the US state of California. The hill consisted of three jumps, with K-points of 80, 60 and 40 meters, respectively. Constructed upon the hill-side of Little Papoose Peak, it was built for the 1960 Winter Olympics; the 80-meter hill hosted the ski jumping event and the 60-meter hill the Nordic combined event. The jump was designed by Heini Klopfer and opened in 1958. After the Olympics the venue saw little use; it was renovated for the 1976 US National Ski Jumping Championships, but has since fallen into disrepair and demolished to make room for the Far East Express ski lift.

Hill size

The hill size (HS) is the most important measurement for the size of a ski jumping hill. It is defined as the distance between the takeoff table and the end of the landing area, which is called hill size point. It is not measured as a straight line but on the surface of the hill.

Construction point

The construction point, also known as the K-point or K-spot and formerly critical point, is a line across a ski jumping hill. It is used to calculate the number of points granted for a given jump. It is therefore also called calculation point or calculation line.

Kiremitliktepe Ski Jump

The Kiremitliktepe Ski Jump, or officially Türk Telekom Ski Jumping Towers, is a ski jumping venue located on the Kiremitlik Hill at the base of Palandöken Mountain just southwest of Erzurum in eastern Turkey. Completed in September 2010, the complex consists of a large hill (K-125) and a normal hill (K-95) jumping tower, as well as three additional smaller slopes of K-65, K-40 and K-20 for training purposes and for use by young jumpers.

This glossary of skiing and snowboarding terms is a list of definitions of terms and jargon used in skiing, snowboarding, and related winter sports.

References

  1. ↑ Eastern Ski Jumping & Nordic Combined Foundation. "Facts about Ski Jumping hills". Archived from the original on 17 March 2011. Retrieved 15 February 2011.
  2. ↑ Denny, Mark, 1953- (2011). Gliding for gold : the physics of winter sports. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN   978-1-4214-0268-0. OCLC   794700363.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ↑ "Hoppbakkene bort fra K-punkt til HS-punkt" (in Norwegian). Norwegian News Agency. 29 June 2004.
  4. 1 2 Gasser, Hans-Heini (February 2018). "Implementing Provisions for Art. 411 of the ICR Ski Jumping" (PDF). Fédération Internationale de Ski.
  5. ↑ Gartland, Dan. "You need a special license to measure ski jump distance". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
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