Goryeo was a Korean state founded in 918,during a time of national division called the Later Three Kingdoms period,that unified and ruled the Korean Peninsula until the establishment of Joseon in 1392. Goryeo achieved what has been called a "true national unification" by Korean historians as it not only unified the Later Three Kingdoms but also incorporated much of the ruling class of the northern kingdom of Balhae,who had origins in Goguryeo of the earlier Three Kingdoms of Korea. According to Korean historians,it was during the Goryeo period that the individual identities of Goguryeo,Baekje and Silla were successfully merged into a single entity that became the basis of the modern-day Korean identity. The name "Korea" is derived from the name of Goryeo,also romanized as Koryŏ,which was first used in the early 5th century by Goguryeo;Goryeo was a successor state to Later Goguryeo and Goguryeo.
Joseon,officially Great Joseon State,was a dynastic kingdom of Korea that existed for 505 years. It was founded by Taejo of Joseon in July 1392 and replaced by the Korean Empire in October 1897. The kingdom was founded following the aftermath of the overthrow of Goryeo in what is today the city of Kaesong. Early on,Korea was retitled and the capital was relocated to modern-day Seoul. The kingdom's northernmost borders were expanded to the natural boundaries at the rivers of Amnok and Tuman through the subjugation of the Jurchens.
Korean Confucianism is the form of Confucianism that emerged and developed in Korea. One of the most substantial influences in Korean intellectual history was the introduction of Confucian thought as part of the cultural influence from China.
Kaesong is a special city in the southern part of North Korea,and the capital of Korea during the Taebong kingdom and subsequent Goryeo dynasty. The city is near the Kaesong Industrial Region close to the border with South Korea and contains the remains of the Manwoldae palace. Called Songdo while it was the ancient capital of Goryeo,the city prospered as a trade centre that produced Korean ginseng. Kaesong now functions as North Korea's light industry centre.
Korean architecture refers to an architectural style that developed over centuries in Korea. Throughout the history of Korea,various kingdoms and royal dynasties have developed a unique style of architecture with influences from Buddhism and Korean Confucianism.
Sungkyunkwan (Korean: 성균관) was the foremost educational institution in Korea during the late Goryeo and Joseon Dynasties. Today,it sits in its original location,at the south end of the Humanities and Social Sciences Campus of Sungkyunkwan University in Seoul,South Korea. Twice a year,in May and September,the ceremonial rite Seokjeon Daeje is performed in the Munmyo Shrine,to honor Confucius and the Confucian sages of China and Korea.
Koryo Songgyungwan University (고려성균관) or University of Light Industry is an educational institution in North Korean city of Kaesong. The university was founded in 992 with the name Kukchagam. It was renamed Songgyungam in 1298 and Songgyungwan in 1308.
Manwoldae,or Mangwoldae,was the main palace of the Goryeo Dynasty of Korea. It did not have an official name,such as "Gyeongbokgung",because it was an imperial palace like the imperial palaces of China. Located in the Goryeo capital of Kaesong,the palace was burned in 1011,1126,1171,1225,and 1362. The name "Manwoldae" was given to the ruins of the palace during the 14th or 15th century of the Joseon period.
Sŏnjuk Bridge is a Koryo-dynasty stone bridge located in Kaesong,North Korea. Built in 1290,it is famous as the place where famed Confucian scholar and statesman Chŏng Mong-ju was assassinated,allegedly on the orders of the Yi Pang-wŏn,son of the first king of the Joseon Dynasty,Yi Sŏng-gye. It is also the bridge on which the forces of Yi Bang-won confronted the forces of Yi Bang-gan during the Second Princes' Rebellion.
Sungyang Hall is a fourteenth-century Confucian academy located on the side of Mt. Janam in Kaesong,North Korea. The hall was constructed in the late fourteenth century for the home of the famously loyal statesman and Confucian scholar Chŏng Mong-ju,whose 1392 assassination by the agents of the later Taejo of Joseon marked the end of the Koryo dynasty. In 1573,the building was transformed into a Confucian academy.
Joseon diplomacy was the foreign policy of the Joseon dynasty of Korea from 1392 through 1910;and its theoretical and functional foundations were rooted in Neo-Confucian scholar-bureaucrats,institutions and philosophy.
Gyorin was a neo-Confucian term developed in Joseon Korea. The term was intended to identify and characterize a diplomatic policy which establishes and maintains amicable relations with neighboring states. It was construed and understood in tandem with a corollary term,which was the sadae or "serving the great" policy towards Imperial China.
The Royal Tombs of the Goryeo Dynasty are a group of tombs of members of the Korean Goryeo Dynasty.
Martina Deuchler is a Swiss academic and author. She was a professor of Korean studies at the SOAS University of London from 1991 to 2001.
The history of education in Korea can be traced back to the Three Kingdoms of Korea,or even back to the prehistoric period. Both private schools and public schools were prominent. Public education was established as early as the 400 AD. Historically,the education has been heavily influenced by Confucianism and Buddhism.
The Walled City of Kaesong surround the royal castle,Manwoldae. The walls have a total length of 23 km and are partially preserved.
The Kaesong Chomsongdae Observatory is located in Songak-dong,Kaesong,North Korea. It was an astronomical observatory during the Koryo period. Now only a granite platform remains,the sides of which coincide with the main cardinal points.
Seonggyungwan was the foremost educational institution in Seoul,Joseon Dynasty.
Imperial titles were used in various historical Korean states before the 14th century and at the turn of the 20th century:Early Korean states used "great king","greatest king",and "holy king";later Korean states used "emperor". Korean monarchs who used imperial titles had political and religious authority over a realm or domain. The Chinese concept of tianxia,pronounced "cheonha" in Korean,was variously adopted and adapted to Korean views of the world from period to period.
Historic Monuments and Sites in Kaesong is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Kaesong,North Korea. The site consists of 12 separate components,which together testify to the history and culture of the Koryo Dynasty from the 10th to 14th centuries. The geomantic layout of the former capital city of Kaesong,its palaces,institutions and tomb complex,defensive walls and gates embody the political,cultural,philosophical and spiritual values of a crucial era in the region's history. The monuments inscribed also include an astronomical and meteorological observatory,two schools and commemorative steles. The site testifies to the transition from Buddhism to neo-Confucianism in East Asia and to the assimilation of the cultural,spiritual,and political values of the states that existed prior to Korea's unification under the Koryo Dynasty. The integration of Buddhist,Confucian,Taoist and geomantic concepts is manifest in the planning of the site and the architecture of its monuments. The World Heritage Site was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 2013 under criteria (ii) and (iii). The site has an area of 494.2 ha with a buffer zone of 5,222.1 ha.
