Goryeo was a Korean state founded in 918,during a time of national division called the Later Three Kingdoms period,that unified and ruled the Korean Peninsula until 1392. Goryeo achieved what has been called a "true national unification" by Korean historians as it not only unified the Later Three Kingdoms but also incorporated much of the ruling class of the northern kingdom of Balhae,who had origins in Goguryeo of the earlier Three Kingdoms of Korea. The name "Korea" is derived from the name of Goryeo,also romanized as Koryŏ,which was first used in the early 5th century by Goguryeo. According to Korean historians,it was during the Goryeo period that the individual identities of Goguryeo,Baekje and Silla were successfully merged into a single entity that became the basis of the modern-day Korean identity. Goryeo was the successor state to Later Goguryeo and Goguryeo.
Joseon,officially Great Joseon State,was the last dynastic kingdom of Korea,lasting just over 500 years. It was founded by Yi Seong-gye in July 1392 and replaced by the Korean Empire in October 1897. The kingdom was founded following the aftermath of the overthrow of Goryeo in what is today the city of Kaesong. Early on,Korea was retitled and the capital was relocated to modern-day Seoul. The kingdom's northernmost borders were expanded to the natural boundaries at the rivers of Amrok and Tuman through the subjugation of the Jurchens.
Korean Confucianism is the form of Confucianism that emerged and developed in Korea. One of the most substantial influences in Korean intellectual history was the introduction of Confucian thought as part of the cultural influence from China.
Kaesong is a special city in the southern part of North Korea,and the capital of Korea during the Taebong kingdom and subsequent Goryeo dynasty. The city is near the Kaesong Industrial Region close to the border with South Korea and contains the remains of the Manwoldae palace. Called Songdo while it was the ancient capital of Goryeo,the city prospered as a trade centre that produced Korean ginseng. Kaesong now functions as North Korea's light industry centre.
Seongjong of Goryeo,personal name Wang Ch'i,was the sixth ruler of the medieval Korean kingdom of Goryeo.
Education in the Joseon dynasty of Korea was largely aimed at preparing students for government service. The ultimate goal of most students was successful passage of the state examinations,known as gwageo.
The Gukhak,was the sole recorded institution of higher learning in the Silla period of medieval Korean history. It provided training in the Chinese classics. An earlier institution,the Taehak,had been founded in 372.
Chungnyeol of Goryeo was the 25th ruler of the medieval Korean kingdom of Goryeo from 1274 to 1308. He was the son of Wonjong,his predecessor on the throne. Chungnyeol was king during the Mongol Invasions of Japan,reluctantly aiding in the offensives.
Gwangjong of Goryeo,personal name Wang So,was the fourth monarch of Korea's Goryeo dynasty.
The gwageo (Korean: 과거) or kwagŏ were the national civil service examinations under the Goryeo (918–1392) and Joseon (1392–1897) periods of Korea. Typically quite demanding,these tests measured candidates' ability of writing composition and knowledge of the Chinese classics. The form of writing varied from literature to proposals on management of the state. Technical subjects were also tested to appoint experts on medicine,interpretation,accounting,law etc. These were the primary route for most people to achieve positions in the bureaucracy.
Kim Mu-ch'e was a scholar and educator under the Goryeo Dynasty,and founder of one of the Twelve Assemblies of Goryeo. He passed the literary examination in 1035,and rose to a position of rank. Under the reign of Munjong,Kim opened a private academy called Seowondo,which became one of the leading educational institutions of the kingdom. This and the other Twelve Assemblies came to be preferred over the national academy.
Munmyo is Korea's primary temple of Confucius. It is located in central Seoul,South Korea,on the campus of Sungkyunkwan University.
This article explains the history of the Joseon dynasty,which ruled Korea from 1392 to 1897.
Gyeongguk daejeon is a code of law that comprises all the laws,customs and decrees released since the late Goryeo Dynasty to the early Joseon Dynasty. Sorted according to the relevant Ministries (Yukyo),it had been a basis for over 500 years of Joseon Dynasty politics.
Goryeo missions to Imperial China were the diplomatic ventures of Kingdom of Goryeo which were intermittently sent in the years 918–1392,representing a significant aspect of the international relations of mutual Goryeon-Chinese contacts and communication.
Ch'oe Sŭng-no (Korean: 최승로;Hanja: 崔承老;927 –17 June 989 was a politician,Confucian scholar,poet,and literary writer in the early Goryeo dynasty. He came from the Gyeongju Choe clan,one of the third class noble families of Silla. He was famous for proposing 28 policies to King Seongjong,most of which were accepted and a became an important basis for state affairs such as Goryeo's political system and local government.
The history of education in Korea can be traced back to the Three Kingdoms of Korea,or even back to the prehistoric period. Both private schools and public schools were prominent. Public education was established as early as the 400 AD. Historically,the education has been heavily influenced by Confucianism and Buddhism.
The Songgyungwan was the highest educational institution established in Korea during the Koryo and Choson Dynasties. It opened in 992. The institution consists of the Taesong Temple,Myongnyun Hall and 20 other buildings,including one of the largest wooden buildings to still exist in the DPRK.
Seonggyungwan was the foremost educational institution in Seoul,Joseon Dynasty.
