The Ming dynasty,officially the Great Ming,was an imperial dynasty of China,ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last imperial dynasty of China ruled by the Han people,the majority ethnic group in China. Although the primary capital of Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng,numerous rump regimes ruled by remnants of the Ming imperial family—collectively called the Southern Ming—survived until 1662.
The Haijin (海禁) or sea ban were a series of related isolationist policies in China restricting private maritime trading and coastal settlement during most of the Ming dynasty and early Qing dynasty. The policy introduced by the Ming founder Zhu Yuanzhang significantly hampered the growth of China's domestic trade,although the Ming was not able to enforce the policy in full despite official proclamations,and trade continued in forms such as smuggling until the late Ming government opened the port of Yuegang for trade. Initially imposed to deal with Japanese piracy amid the neutralization of Yuan dynasty partisans,the sea ban was completely counterproductive:by the 16th century,piracy and smuggling were endemic and mostly consisted of Chinese who had been dispossessed by the policy. China's foreign trade was limited to irregular and expensive tribute missions,and the military pressure from the Mongols after the disastrous Battle of Tumu led to the scrapping of Zheng He's fleets. Piracy dropped to negligible levels only upon the end of the policy in 1567.
The Six Arts formed the basis of education in ancient Chinese culture. These were made and practiced by the Confucians.
Imperial Academy may refer to:
The Red Turban Rebellions were uprisings against the Yuan dynasty between 1351 and 1368,eventually leading to its collapse. Remnants of the Yuan imperial court retreated northwards and is thereafter known as the Northern Yuan in historiography.
Taixue,or sometimes called the "Imperial Academy","Imperial School","Imperial University" or "Imperial Central University",was the highest rank of educational establishment in Ancient China created during the Han dynasty. The Sui dynasty instituted major reforms,giving the imperial academy a greater administrative role and renaming it the Guozijian (國子監). As the Guozijian,the institution was maintained by successive dynasties until it was finally abolished in 1905 near the end of the Qing dynasty.
The Ming dynasty,officially the Great Ming,founded by the peasant rebel leader Zhu Yuanzhang,known as the Hongwu Emperor,was an imperial dynasty of China. It was the successor to the Yuan dynasty and the predecessor of the short-lived Shun dynasty,which was in turn succeeded by the Qing dynasty. At its height,the Ming dynasty had a population of 160 million people,while some assert the population could actually have been as large as 200 million.
The Cambridge History of China is a series of books published by the Cambridge University Press (CUP) covering the history of China from the founding of the Qin dynasty in 221 BC to 1982 AD. The series was conceived by British historian Denis Twitchett and American historian John King Fairbank in the late 1960s,and publication began in 1978. The complete History will contain 15 volumes made up of 17 books with volumes 5 and 9 consisting of two books each.
The Beijing Guozijian,located on Guozijian Street in Beijing,China,was China's national university during the Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties,and the last Guozijian of China. Most of the Beijing Guozijian's buildings were built during the Ming Dynasty and it remains an important heritage site in China. During the Hundred Days' Reform of the Qing Dynasty,the education and administration of education functions of Guozijian was mainly replaced by the Imperial University of Peking,later known as Peking University. The Guozijian was shut down in 1905.
The military of the Ming dynasty was the military apparatus of China from 1368 to 1644. It was founded in 1368 during the Red Turban Rebellion by Zhu Yuanzhang. The military was initially organised along largely hereditary lines and soldiers were meant to serve in self-sufficient agricultural communities. They were grouped into guards (wei) and battalions (suo),otherwise known as the wei-suo system. This hereditary guard battalion system went into decline around 1450 and was discarded in favor of mercenaries a century later.
For millennia,Chinese archery has played a pivotal role in Chinese society. In particular,archery featured prominently in ancient Chinese culture and philosophy:archery was one of the Six Noble Arts of the Zhou dynasty;archery skill was a virtue for Chinese emperors;Confucius himself was an archery teacher;and Lie Zi was an avid archer. Because the cultures associated with Chinese society spanned a wide geography and time range,the techniques and equipment associated with Chinese archery are diverse. The improvement of firearms and other circumstances of 20th century China led to the demise of archery as a military and ritual practice,and for much of the 20th century only one traditional bow and arrow workshop remained. However,at the beginning of the 21st century,there has been a revival in interest among craftsmen looking to construct bows and arrows,as well as a practice technique in the traditional Chinese style.
The House of Zhu was the imperial house that ruled the Ming dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644. Rump states of the Ming dynasty continued in the southern region until 1662,but the territory gradually decreased. The Ming dynasty was the last imperial dynasty of China ruled by the Han people. After its downfall,China was conquered by the Manchu-led Qing dynasty (1644–1912). The Han-led state was only restored after the fall of the Qing dynasty,with the establishment of the Republic of China as a nation state in 1912.
The Imperial Clan Court or Court of the Imperial Clan was an institution responsible for all matters pertaining to the imperial family under the Ming and Qing dynasties of imperial China. This institution also existed under the Nguyễn dynasty of Vietnam where it managed matters pertaining to the Nguyễn Phúc clan.
A xunfu was an important imperial Chinese provincial office under both the Ming and Qing dynasties. However,the purview of the office under the two dynasties differed markedly. Under the Ming dynasty,the post originated around 1430 as a kind of inspector-general and ad hoc provincial-level administrator;such a xunfu is usually translated as a grand coordinator. However,since the mid-17th century,xunfu became the title of a regular provincial governor overseeing civil administration in the Qing dynasty.
The Peking Field Force was a modern-armed military unit that defended the Chinese imperial capital Beijing in the last decades of the Qing dynasty (1644–1912). Its troops were on duty in the Imperial City,Beijing,as one of the units of the Qing emperor's Imperial Guard.
Events from the year 1646 in China.
The Defense of Jingshi,also known as the Defense of Beijing,was a battle that took place between the Northern Yuan dynasty and the Ming dynasty in 1449.
Ma Shiying,courtesy names Yaocao and Chongran,was a notorious government official who lived in the late Ming dynasty. He served under the Southern Ming Hongguang regime and was best known for instigating internecine conflict within the court.
