The Ming dynasty,officially the Great Ming,was an imperial dynasty of China,ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last imperial dynasty of China ruled by the Han people,the majority ethnic group in China. Although the primary capital of Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng,numerous rump regimes ruled by remnants of the Ming imperial family—collectively called the Southern Ming—survived until 1662.
Hongwu Emperor,also known by his temple name as the Emperor Taizu of Ming (明太祖),personal name Zhu Yuanzhang,courtesy name Guorui,was the founding emperor of the Ming dynasty,reigning from 1368 to 1398.
The Six Arts formed the basis of education in ancient Chinese culture. These were made and practiced by the Confucians.
The Battle of Shanhai Pass,fought on May 27,1644 at Shanhai Pass at the eastern end of the Great Wall,was a decisive battle leading to the beginning of the Qing dynasty rule in China proper. There,the Qing prince-regent Dorgon allied with former Ming general Wu Sangui to defeat rebel leader Li Zicheng of the Shun dynasty,allowing Dorgon and the Qing army to rapidly conquer Beijing.
The Red Turban Rebellions were uprisings against the Yuan dynasty between 1351 and 1368,eventually leading to its collapse. Remnants of the Yuan imperial court retreated northwards and is thereafter known as the Northern Yuan in historiography.
Taixue,or sometimes called the "Imperial Academy","Imperial School","Imperial University" or "Imperial Central University",was the highest rank of educational establishment in Ancient China created during the Han dynasty. The Sui dynasty instituted major reforms,giving the imperial academy a greater administrative role and renaming it the Guozijian (國子監). As the Guozijian,the institution was maintained by successive dynasties until it was finally abolished in 1905 near the end of the Qing dynasty.
The Ming dynasty,officially the Great Ming,founded by the peasant rebel leader Zhu Yuanzhang,known as the Hongwu Emperor,was an imperial dynasty of China. It was the successor to the Yuan dynasty and the predecessor of the short-lived Shun dynasty,which was in turn succeeded by the Qing dynasty. At its height,the Ming dynasty had a population of 160 million people,while some assert the population could actually have been as large as 200 million.
The Cambridge History of China is a series of books published by the Cambridge University Press (CUP) covering the history of China from the founding of the Qin dynasty in 221 BC to 1982 AD. The series was conceived by British historian Denis Twitchett and American historian John King Fairbank in the late 1960s,and publication began in 1978. The complete History will contain 15 volumes made up of 17 books with volumes 5 and 9 consisting of two books each.
Mounted archery is a form of archery that involves shooting arrows while on horseback. A horse archer is a person who does mounted archery. Archery has occasionally been used from the backs of other riding animals. In large open areas,mounted archery was a highly successful technique for hunting,for protecting herds,and for war. It was a defining characteristic of the Eurasian nomads during antiquity and the medieval period,as well as the Iranian peoples such as the Alans,Sarmatians,Cimmerians,Scythians,Massagetae,Parthians,and Persians in Antiquity,and by the Hungarians,Mongols,Chinese,and Turkic peoples during the Middle Ages. The expansion of these cultures have had a great influence on other geographical regions including Eastern Europe,West Asia,and East Asia. In East Asia,horse archery came to be particularly honored in the samurai tradition of Japan,where horse archery is called Yabusame.
The Beijing Guozijian,located on Guozijian Street in Beijing,China,was China's national university during the Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties,and the last Guozijian of China. Most of the Beijing Guozijian's buildings were built during the Ming Dynasty and it remains an important heritage site in China. During the Hundred Days' Reform of the Qing Dynasty,the education and administration of education functions of Guozijian was mainly replaced by the Imperial University of Peking,later known as Peking University. The Guozijian was shut down in 1905.
Nguyễn An,known in Chinese as Ruan An (pinyin) or Juan An (Wade-Giles),was a Ming dynasty architect and hydraulics specialist between the first and fifth decades of the 15th century. According to some sources,he was a key architect in designing,planning and constructing of the Forbidden City during the Ming dynasty. Born in Vietnam,he was taken as tribute to China and later became a eunuch and architect in service to the Chinese emperors. He,along with other architects,such as master designers and planners Cai Xin (蔡信),Kuai Xiang (蒯祥),Chen Gui (陳珪),and Wu Zhong (吳中),was a builder of the Forbidden City in Beijing.
The military of the Ming dynasty was the military apparatus of China from 1368 to 1644. It was founded in 1368 during the Red Turban Rebellion by Zhu Yuanzhang. The military was initially organised along largely hereditary lines and soldiers were meant to serve in self-sufficient agricultural communities. They were grouped into guards (wei) and battalions (suo),otherwise known as the wei-suo system. This hereditary guard battalion system went into decline around 1450 and was discarded in favor of mercenaries a century later.
For millennia,Chinese archery has played a pivotal role in Chinese society. In particular,archery featured prominently in ancient Chinese culture and philosophy:archery was one of the Six Noble Arts of the Zhou dynasty;archery skill was a virtue for Chinese emperors;Confucius himself was an archery teacher;and Lie Zi was an avid archer. Because the cultures associated with Chinese society spanned a wide geography and time range,the techniques and equipment associated with Chinese archery are diverse. The improvement of firearms and other circumstances of 20th century China led to the demise of archery as a military and ritual practice,and for much of the 20th century only one traditional bow and arrow workshop remained. However,at the beginning of the 21st century,there has been a revival in interest among craftsmen looking to construct bows and arrows,as well as a practice technique in the traditional Chinese style.
The Imperial Clan Court or Court of the Imperial Clan was an institution responsible for all matters pertaining to the imperial family under the Ming and Qing dynasties of imperial China. This institution also existed under the Nguyễn dynasty of Vietnam where it managed matters pertaining to the Nguyễn Phúc clan.
The Prince of Ning rebellion was a rebellion that took place in China in 1519 during the Ming dynasty. It was started by Zhu Chenhao,Prince of Ning and a fifth-generation descendant of Zhu Quan,and was aimed at overthrowing the Zhengde Emperor. The Prince of Ning revolt was one of two princely rebellions during the Zhengde Emperor's reign;it was preceded by the Prince of Anhua rebellion in 1510.
A xunfu was an important imperial Chinese provincial office under both the Ming and Qing dynasties. However,the purview of the office under the two dynasties differed markedly. Under the Ming dynasty,the post originated around 1430 as a kind of inspector-general and ad hoc provincial-level administrator;such a xunfu is usually translated as a grand coordinator. However,since the mid-17th century,xunfu became the title of a regular provincial governor overseeing civil administration in the Qing dynasty.
The Peking Field Force was a modern-armed military unit that defended the Chinese imperial capital Beijing in the last decades of the Qing dynasty (1644–1912).
Events from the year 1646 in China.
Ma Shiying,courtesy names Yaocao and Chongran,was a notorious government official who lived in the late Ming dynasty. He served under the Southern Ming Hongguang regime and was best known for instigating internecine conflict within the court.
Fang Guozhen was a rebel leader in the late Yuan dynasty of China. He dominated the coast of Zhejiang and surrendered to Zhu Yuanzhang in 1367.
