Guozijian

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ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡳ
ᠵᡠᠰᡝ ᠪᡝ
ᡥᡡᠸᠠᡧᠠᠪᡠᡵᡝ
ᠶᠠᠮᡠᠨ
Guozijian
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese 國子監
Simplified Chinese 国子监
Literal meaningDirectorate for the Sons of the Nation
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin Guózǐjiàn
Wade–Giles Kuo2-tzŭ3-chien4
IPA [kwǒ.tsɹ̩̀.tɕjɛ́n]
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutping Gwok3-zi2-gaam1
IPA [kʷɔk̚˧.tsi˧˥.kam˥]
Möllendorff gurun-i juse be hūwašabure yamun

During the Ming dynasty, the Hongwu Emperor promoted the study of law, math, calligraphy, equestrianism, and archery at the Guozijian. [11]

Qing

The Guozijian was abolished in 1907. [5]

Locations

The Guozijian was located in the national capital of each Chinese dynasty, such as Chang'an, Luoyang, Kaifeng, and Hangzhou. In early years of the Ming, the Guozijian was in Nanjing. Afterwards, the Ming had two capitals, so there were two Guozijians: one in Nanjing (claimed as the parent institution of Southeast University, Nanjing University, and National Central University) and one in Beijing. During the Qing dynasty, the sole Guozijian was in Beijing.

The Beijing Guozijian, located on Guozijian Street in the Dongcheng District, was an or the imperial college during the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties. Most of the current buildings were built during the Ming dynasty. [2] It was the last Guozijian in China and is reckoned as the predecessor of Peking University.

Vietnam

Entrance of the imperial academy in Hue, central Vietnam Imperial Academy of Hue.jpg
Entrance of the imperial academy in Huế, central Vietnam
Altar to Chu Van An, rector of the imperial academy Institut des Fils de lEtat (Temple de la litterature, Hanoi) (4356119550).jpg
Altar to Chu Văn An, rector of the imperial academy

In Vietnam, a year after the first Confucian examinations established by Lý Nhân Tông (李仁宗), the Guozijian (Vietnamese : Quốc tử giám, chữ Hán: 國子監) was built in 1076 on the site of the Temple of Literature. [12] It was Vietnam's first university, it lasted from 1076 to 1779. In 1802, the Nguyễn dynasty founded the Huế capital where they established a new imperial academy in the new capital. Several notable rectors of the Quốc tử giám in Hanoi were Chu Văn An, Nguyễn Phi Khanh, and Vũ Miên.

See also

References

Citations

  1. Yuan (1994), p. 194.
  2. 1 2 "Guozijian", Official site, Princeton: James P. Geiss & Margaret Y. Hsu Foundation, 2005.
  3. Lan (2022), p. 12.
  4. Langlois (1988) , p.  131.
  5. 1 2 3 Theobald, Ulrich (2011), "guozijian 國子監, the Directorate of Education", China Knowledge, Tübingen{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link).
  6. 1 2 3 4 Theobald, Ulrich (2011), "Taixue 太學 The National University", China Knowledge, Tübingen{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link).
  7. 1 2 Yuan (1994), p. 193.
  8. Lan (2022), pp. 12–13.
  9. 1 2 Lan (2022), p. 13.
  10. Theobald, Ulrich (2016), "sanshefa 三舍法, law on the three colleges", China Knowledge, Tübingen{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link).
  11. Langlois (1988) , p.  122.
  12. Ngô, Tự Lập (2016). "Higher education internationalization in Vietnam: unintended socio-political impacts of joint programs seen as special free academic zones" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 4, 2024.

Sources