Putonghua Proficiency Test | |||||||
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Simplified Chinese | 普通话水平测试 | ||||||
Traditional Chinese | 普通話水平測試 | ||||||
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The Putonghua Proficiency Test or Putonghua Shuiping Ceshi (PSC) is an official test of spoken fluency in Standard Chinese (Mandarin) intended for native speakers of Chinese languages. The test was developed in October 1994 by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China,the Institute of Applied Linguistics at Beijing Language and Culture University and the State Administration of Press,Publication,Radio,Film and Television. [1] Specified standards of achievement in the test are required for many jobs in broadcasting,education and government. [2]
The test consists of five sections: [1] [3]
There are sixty literary selections used in the fourth section of the test, [4] including:
Candidates who pass the test are given a Certificate of Putonghua Proficiency Level at levels 1,2 or 3,each of which is subdivided into grades A and B: [8] [9]
By 2010,the test had been taken more than 35 million times. As it requires strict adherence to the phonology of Standard Chinese,including such features as retroflex initials, erhua and the neutral tone,the test gives an advantage to native speakers of the Beijing dialect and closely related varieties over speakers of varieties lacking these features. [8]
Standard Chinese is a modern standard form of Mandarin Chinese that was first codified during the republican era (1912‒1949). It is designated as the official language of mainland China and a major language in the United Nations,Singapore,and Taiwan. It is largely based on the Beijing dialect. Standard Chinese is a pluricentric language with local standards in mainland China,Taiwan and Singapore that mainly differ in their lexicon. Hong Kong written Chinese,used for formal written communication in Hong Kong and Macau,is a form of Standard Chinese that is read aloud with the Cantonese reading of characters.
Tōshōdai-ji (唐招提寺) is a Buddhist temple of the Risshūsect in the city of Nara,in Nara Prefecture,Japan. The Classic Golden Hall,also known as the kondō,has a single story,hipped tiled roof with a seven bay wide facade. It is considered the archetype of "classical style".
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Zhu Ziqing,born Zhu Zihua,was a renowned Chinese poet and essayist. Zhu studied at Peking University,and during the May Fourth Movement became one of several pioneers of modernism in China during the 1920s. Zhu was a prolific writer of both prose and poetry,but is best known for essays like "Retreating Figure",and "You. Me.". His best known work in verse is the long poem "Destruction" or Huimie.
The Nationwide Unified Examination for Admissions to General Universities and Colleges (普通高等学校招生全国统一考试),commonly abbreviated as Gaokao,is the annual national undergraduate admission exam of China,held in early June. The exam is held by provincial governments under directions from the Ministry of Education and is required for undergraduate admissions to all higher education institutions in the country. The Gaokao is taken by high school seniors at the end of their final year.
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Ouhai District is a district of Wenzhou,Zhejiang. It is an outlying district of Wenzhou urban area.
Haiyang,is a coastal city in the Shandong province in eastern China,located on the Yellow Sea (southern) coast of the Shandong Peninsula. It is a county-level city under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Yantai.
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The Public English Test System is a test developed by the National Education Examinations Authority (NEEA) of Mainland China. The PETS is the edition of the Quanguo Waiyu Shuiping Kaoshi (WSK) for the English language. It is available in five levels:PETS-1 through PETS-5. PETS testing is open to persons of all professions,ages,and academic backgrounds.
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Xie Mian is a contemporary Chinese writer and literary scholar based in Beijing. His piece "People that Read are Happy People" included in his 1997 book Eternal Campus (永远的校园) and originally published in the July 19,1995 edition of the China Reader's Report (中华读书报) is one of the potential reading selections for Putonghua Proficiency Test test-takers.
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峻青,原名孙俊卿,1922年出生于烟台海阳市郭城镇西楼子村,当代著名作家、画家。
1923年朱自清先生来温州执教,同年先后两次来到仙岩梅雨潭景区,被仙岩浓厚的人文气息和那醉人的女儿绿深深吸引,于是就写下了脍炙人口的美文名篇《绿》。