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References
Citations
- ↑ "In the translation of Chinese titles, I have followed the method of H.H. Dubs. R. de Crespigny has published a booklet which facilitates that process.... I have tried to standardize the translations as much as possible, and to render the multitude of additional titles in a compatible fashion." Bielenstein, vii.
- ↑ De Crespigny, Military Organisation, 1; Civil Administration, 1.
- ↑ Dubs's introduction to his translation of the Book of Han states "The reader's indulgence is asked for the translations of Chinese official titles.... [O]ur translations are merely intended to be suggestive; in each case the reader is asked to refer to the Glossary [never published] for a more exact meaning of the title." Dubs, xii.
- ↑ Bielenstein, in reference to de Crespigny's index of Dubs's titles, speaks of its "inconsistencies, awkwardness, and errors in the translations. At other times, Dubs abandoned earlier renderings for new ones." Bielenstein, vii.
- ↑ For example, the rather idiosyncratic – and highly not English-sounding – rendering of 謁者 as "internuncio". Wang, 187.
- ↑ Bielenstein, 7.
- ↑ Hulsewé, 169.
- ↑ Hucker, v–vi.
- ↑ Hucker, vii.
- ↑ De Crespigny, Civil Administration, 5.
- ↑ Loewe, 757.
- ↑ Loewe, 765.
- ↑ Bielenstein, 207–230.
- ↑ Dull, 3–46.
- ↑ De Crespigny, Civil Administration, 5–7; Military Organisation, 7–9; Biographical Dictionary, 1217-1241
- ↑ Hucker, 103–599.
- ↑ Loewe, 758–765.
Sources
- Bielenstein, Hans (1980). The Bureaucracy of Han Times. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-22510-6.
- de Crespigny, Rafe (1967). Official Titles of the Former Han Dynasty as Translated and Transcribed by H.H. Dubs. Canberra: Australian National University Press.
- de Crespigny, Rafe (2007). A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23 – 220 AD). Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-15605-0.
- de Crespigny, Rafe (2007), An Outline of the Civil Administration of the Later Han Empire, Australia National University, archived from the original on September 3, 2007
- de Crespigny, Rafe (2007), An Outline of the Military Organisation of the Later Han Empire, Australia National University, archived from the original on September 3, 2007
- Dubs, Homer H. (1938). The History of the Former Han Dynasty. Baltimore: Waverly Press.
- Dull, Jack L. (2006), Official Titles of the Han Dynasty: A Tentative List (PDF), University of Washington, archived from the original (PDF) on July 1, 2018
- Hucker, Charles O. (1985). Dictionary of Official Titles of Imperial China. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
- Hulsewé, A.F.P. (1971). "review of Rafe de Crespigny's The Last of the Han, 1969". T'oung Pao. Brill. 57 (1): 168–171.
- Loewe, Michael (2000). A Biographical Dictionary of the Qin, Former Han, and Xin Periods (221 BC – AD 24). Leiden: Brill. ISBN 90-04-10364-3.
- Mayers, William Frederick (1878). The Chinese Government: A Manual of Chinese Titles. Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press.
- Wang Yuquan (June 1949). "An outline of the central government of the Former Han Dynasty". Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies. Harvard–Yenching Institute. 12 (1/2): 134–187. doi:10.2307/2718206. JSTOR 2718206.
