Sonoran University of Health Sciences

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Sonoran University of Health Sciences
University seal of Sonoran University of Health Sciences.png
Type Private naturopathic school
Established1993;31 years ago (1993)
President Paul Mittman
Students400
400
Location, ,
United States

33°24′30″N111°53′41″W / 33.408384°N 111.894781°W / 33.408384; -111.894781
Website sonoran.edu

Sonoran University of Health Sciences, formerly Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, is a private alternative medicine school in Tempe, Arizona. Founded in 1993, Sonoran specializes in naturopathy, an amalgamation of health modalities that are considered pseudoscience, quackery, and fake by the scientific and medical communities. [1] [2] [3]

Contents

Sonoran University and similar naturopathic programs are not accredited as medical schools but as special programs that are overseen by a naturopathic council which is not required to be scientific. [4] [5] [6] Naturopathic programs have been accused by critics of misrepresenting their medical rigor and their ability to train primary care clinicians. [1] [7] [8]

A 2024 report found that students in Sonoran's medical doctorate program had the fourth highest debt-to-income ratio among graduate programs in the US, at 585%. [9] [10]

History

Originally incorporated as Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine & Health Sciences (SCNM) in 1992, Sonoran inducted its inaugural class of naturopaths in 1993. When founder, Michael Cronin, first convened his co-founders Kyle Hawk Cronin, Hugh Hawk, Conrad Kail, Dana Keaton, and Deborah Mainville-Knight, the number of licensed naturopaths in Arizona numbered less than 40. [11]

In 2019, Sonoran University’s Academic Programs added the College of Nutrition and subsequently launched two online Master of Science programs: MS Clinical Nutrition and MS Nutrition Business Leadership. [12] Three years later, SCNM rebranded as Sonoran University of Health Sciences. [13]

In 2024, Oregon Public Broadcasting reported that students who pursued doctorates of naturopathic medicine typically took on high levels of debt. For Sonoran, the median loan was $224,000 and the median earnings were $38,297, resulting in a debt to earnings ratio of 585%. This was the fourth highest ratio among graduate programs in the US, with two other naturopathic programs being in the first two positions. [9] [10]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Naturopathy</span> Form of alternative medicine

Naturopathy, or naturopathic medicine, is a form of alternative medicine. A wide array of practices branded as "natural", "non-invasive", or promoting "self-healing" are employed by its practitioners, who are known as naturopaths. Difficult to generalize, these treatments range from the pseudoscientific and thoroughly discredited, like homeopathy, to the widely accepted, like certain forms of psychotherapy. The ideology and methods of naturopathy are based on vitalism and folk medicine rather than evidence-based medicine, although practitioners may use techniques supported by evidence. The ethics of naturopathy have been called into question by medical professionals and its practice has been characterized as quackery.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Quackery</span> Promotion of fraudulent or ignorant medical practices

Quackery, often synonymous with health fraud, is the promotion of fraudulent or ignorant medical practices. A quack is a "fraudulent or ignorant pretender to medical skill" or "a person who pretends, professionally or publicly, to have skill, knowledge, qualification or credentials they do not possess; a charlatan or snake oil salesman". The term quack is a clipped form of the archaic term quacksalver, derived from Dutch: kwakzalver a "hawker of salve" or rather somebody who boasted about their salves, more commonly known as ointments. In the Middle Ages the term quack meant "shouting". The quacksalvers sold their wares at markets by shouting to gain attention.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bastyr University</span> Alternative medicine university

Bastyr University is a private alternative medicine university with campuses in Kenmore, Washington, and San Diego, California. Programs include naturopathy, acupuncture, Traditional Asian medicine, nutrition, herbal medicine, ayurvedic medicine, psychology, and midwifery.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stephen Barrett</span> American psychiatrist (born 1933)

Stephen Joel Barrett is an American retired psychiatrist, author, co-founder of the National Council Against Health Fraud (NCAHF), and the webmaster of Quackwatch. He runs a number of websites dealing with quackery and health fraud. He focuses on consumer protection, medical ethics, and scientific skepticism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Quackwatch</span> American alternative medicine watchdog website

Quackwatch is a United States–based website, self-described as a "network of people" founded by Stephen Barrett, which aims to "combat health-related frauds, myths, fads, fallacies, and misconduct" and to focus on "quackery-related information that is difficult or impossible to get elsewhere". Since 1996 it has operated the alternative medicine watchdog website quackwatch.org, which advises the public on unproven or ineffective alternative medical remedies. The site contains articles and other information criticizing many forms of alternative medicine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Herbert M. Shelton</span> American naturopath

Herbert McGolfin Shelton was an American naturopath, alternative medicine advocate, author, pacifist, vegan, and a supporter of rawism and fasting. Shelton was nominated by the American Vegetarian Party to run as its candidate for President of the United States in 1956. He saw himself as the champion of original natural hygiene ideas from the 1830s. His ideas have been described as quackery by critics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fereydoon Batmanghelidj</span> Iranian naturopath (1931–2004)

Fereydoon Batmanghelidj was an Iranian doctor, naturopath, HIV/AIDS denialist and writer. He is best known for believing increased water consumption is the cure for most disease, a view not supported by clinical evidence and considered quackery by medical experts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Benedict Lust</span> German-born American naturopath

Benedict Lust was a German-American who was one of the founders of naturopathic medicine in the first decades of the twentieth century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National University of Natural Medicine</span> Private school in Portland, Oregon, U.S.

The National University of Natural Medicine (NUNM) is a private university of naturopathic medicine, Classical Chinese medicine, and nutrition located in Portland, Oregon. The school has approximately 553 students.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert O. Young</span> American naturopathic practitioner

Robert Oldham Young is an American naturopathic practitioner and author of alternative medicine books promoting an alkaline diet. His most popular works are the "pH Miracle" series of books, which outline his beliefs about holistic healing and an "alkalarian" lifestyle. Young came to prominence after appearances on The Oprah Winfrey Show featured his treatment of Kim Tinkham for breast cancer. Tinkham and Young both claimed that he had cured her, but she died of her disease shortly afterward. He was arrested in January 2014 and convicted in 2016 on two out of three charges of theft and practicing medicine without a license. He spent several months in jail in 2017.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ann Wigmore</span> American holistic health practitioner

Ann Wigmore was a Lithuanian–American holistic health practitioner, naturopath and raw food advocate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Siddha medicine</span> System of traditional medicine originating in southern India

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kurt Donsbach</span> American chiropractor

Kurt Walter Donsbach was a convicted felon and controversial alternative medicine figure who was twice convicted of practicing medicine without a license. At other times he also faced charges of misbranding drugs for sale, unlawfully dispensing drugs as a cure for cancer, tax evasion, practicing medicine without a license, and falsely representing a cure for cancer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Naturopathic Physicians Licensing Examinations</span>

The Naturopathic Physicians Licensing Examinations (NPLEX) are professional licensing exams administered by the North American Board of Naturopathic Examiners (NABNE). Graduates of naturopathic programs accredited by the Council on Naturopathic Medical Education (CNME) are required to pass the exams before being permitted to practice naturopathic medicine in a U.S. state or Canadian province that licenses naturopaths.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine</span>

The Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine (CCNM) is a private, not-for-profit institution with two campus locations: the CCNM -Toronto Campus in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and the CCNM -Boucher Campus in New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada.

Orthopathy or natural hygiene (NH) is a set of alternative medical beliefs and practices originating from the Nature Cure movement. Proponents claim that fasting, dieting, and other lifestyle measures are all that is necessary to prevent and treat disease.

Randolph Stone was an Austrian-American chiropractor, osteopath and naturopath who founded polarity therapy, a technique of alternative medicine. He had an interest in philosophy and religions, and encountered Ayurvedic philosophy on a trip to India. His background in chiropractic was shaped by his studies of various Eastern concepts of energy medicine, including Ayurveda, traditional Chinese medicine, yoga, and reflexology.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Britt Marie Hermes</span> American former naturopathic doctor and blogger (born 1984)

Britt Marie Hermes is an American former naturopathic doctor who became a critic of naturopathy and alternative medicine. She is the author of a blog, Naturopathic Diaries, where she writes about being trained and having practiced as a licensed naturopath and about the problems with naturopaths as medical practitioners.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adolphus Hohensee</span> Fraudulent nutritionist

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References

  1. 1 2 Atwood, Kimball C. IV (2003). "Naturopathy: A critical appraisal" . Medscape General Medicine. 5 (4): 39. PMID   14745386.
  2. Barrett, Stephen (November 26, 2013). "A close look at naturopathy". QuackWatch . Retrieved 28 October 2024.
  3. Sisson, Paul (8 December 2012). "Med school embraces natural remedies". San Diego Union-Tribune. Archived from the original on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 28 June 2016.
  4. Barrett, Stephen; Jarvis, William T. (1993). The Health Robbers: A Close Look at Quackery in America . Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books. p.  236. ISBN   0-87975-855-4.
  5. Massachusetts Medical Society (17 November 2015). "MMS Testimony in Opposition to H. 1992 and S. 1205, An Act to Create a Board of Registration in Naturopathy". www.massmed.org. Massachusetts Medical Society. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  6. Hermes, Britt (29 August 2015). "ND Confession, Part II: The Accreditation of Naturopathic "Medical" Education". Science-Based Medicine . Retrieved 30 September 2016.
  7. Thielking, Megan (20 October 2016). "'Essentially witchcraft:' A former naturopath takes on the field". STAT . Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  8. LeMieux, Julianna (16 November 2016). "Why 'Naturopathic Medicine' is an oxymoron". American Council on Science and Health. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
  9. 1 2 Camhi, Tiffany (30 August 2024). "Oregon alternative medicine students face a long road to loan forgiveness". OPB. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
  10. 1 2 U.S. Department of Education. "Most Recent Data by Field of Study". U.S. Department of Education College Scorecard. Archived from the original on 9 September 2024.
  11. "History".
  12. "SCNM Launches Executive Master of Science in Nutrition Business Leadership Program". AP NEWS. 2021-07-28. Retrieved 2023-02-13.
  13. Sonoran University of Health Sciences (September 26, 2022). "Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine is Now Sonoran University of Health Sciences". PR Newswire. Retrieved 28 October 2024.