A.T. Still University

Last updated

A.T. Still University
ATSU logo.svg
Former names
American School of Osteopathy (1892–1922)

A.T. Still College of Osteopathy and Surgery (1922–1924)
Kirksville Osteopathy College (1924–1926)
Kirksville College of Osteopathy and Surgery (1926–1971) [1]

Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine (1972–2003)

Contents

[2]
Type Private medical school
Established1892;132 years ago (1892)
Accreditation Higher Learning Commission
Endowment US $53.6 million [3] (2006)
President Craig M. Phelps, DO
Academic staff
234 full time
511 part time [4]
Students3,717 [5] [6]
Location
40°11′37″N92°34′46″W / 40.193611°N 92.579444°W / 40.193611; -92.579444
CampusKirksville, MO
Mesa, AZ
Santa Maria, CA
Colors   Blue
  Aqua
Website atsu.edu

A.T. Still University (ATSU) is a private medical school based in Kirksville, Missouri, with a second campus in Arizona and third campus in Santa Maria, California. It was founded in 1892 by Andrew Taylor Still and was the world's first osteopathic medical school. [7] [8] It is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. ATSU includes three campuses on 200 acres with seven schools and colleges.

History

Missouri

In 1892 in Kirksville, Missouri, Dr. Andrew Taylor Still founded the first osteopathic medical school in the world. [8] [7] Originally known as the American School of Osteopathy (ASO), the inaugural class of 21 students graduated in 1894. [9] In 1892 Still hired William Smith, a formally trained Scottish physician, to serve as the first anatomy professor of the school. [10] Several other early osteopathic schools eventually merged with Still's school including the Atlantic School of Osteopathy (1898–1905), which had been based in Wilkes Barre, Pennsylvania and then Buffalo, New York. [11] [12]

In 1908, the school established a nursing program. [13] In 1922, the school was renamed the "A.T. Still College of Osteopathy and Surgery." Two years later, in 1924, ASO merged with another osteopathic medical school (Andrew Taylor Still College of Osteopathy and Surgery), becoming the Kirksville Osteopathic College. [14] In 1925, the school was renamed the Kirksville College of Osteopathy and Surgery. [13] In 1949, the first rural clinic was established in Gibbs, Missouri. [14] As of 1960, the rural clinics program operated 10 clinics and served 43,000 patients. [14] In 1960, the Rockefeller family donated resources to build the Timken-Burnett Research building. [14] In 1971, the school was again renamed to the "Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine." [13] In 1999, the College of Graduate Health Sciences opened (ATSU-CGHS). In 2001, the schools were organized under the new name AT Still University. [13] In 2013, a dental school opened at the Kirksville campus (ATSU-MOSDOH). [13]

Arizona

In 1995, the university established the Arizona School of Health Sciences. In 2000, a second ATSU campus opened in Mesa, which became the primary Arizona campus for ATSU. In 2003, the Arizona School of Dentistry and Oral Health opened and began accepting students. In 2006, the School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona (ATSU-SOMA) opened and began accepting students the following year. In 2014, the Center of Advanced Oral Health opened at the Mesa campus. It provides dentistry for those with advanced oral health needs, and developed in response to the complex needs of patients in underserved communities. [15]

California

In September 2021, the university initiated the Central Coast Physician Assistant program in Santa Maria, California, matriculating 90 students in the inaugural class. [16] In January 2022, the Higher Learning Commission approved ATSU's third campus, the College for Health Communities, in Santa Maria, California. [17]

Campus and locations

ATSU operates three campuses (Kirksville, MO, Mesa, AZ, and Santa Maria, CA) on more than 200 acres with seven schools, offering degree programs in a wide spectrum of health sciences. [18]

Missouri campus

ATSU's main campus is located on 150 acres in Kirksville, Missouri. Kirksville's population is more than 17,000 and is approximately 180 miles to Kansas City and 214 miles to St. Louis. The campus houses the Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, and includes a human patient simulation lab, study rooms for standardized patient encounters, classrooms, and labs. It also houses the Gutensohn Clinic, the Museum of Osteopathic Medicine, the A.T. Still Memorial Library, the Northeast Missouri Area Health Education Center, and the A.T. Still Research Institute. [19]

The university runs the Museum of Osteopathic Medicine at its Kirksville campus. [20] The museum was founded in 1934 [20] and holds more than 80,000 artifacts, documents, and books relating to osteopathic medicine. [21]

Arizona campus

A.T. Still University School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona, located in the city of Mesa, was established in the 1990s and is located on a 59-acre campus approximately 25 miles from Phoenix. The School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona (ATSU-SOMA) is housed at the Mesa campus, which includes a 100,000-square-foot (9,300 m2) building on the 22-acre (8.9 ha) campus of ATSU in Mesa, Ariz. The campus is the anchor of the Arizona Health and Technology Park, a 132-acre (53.4 ha) education, healthcare, and technology triangle owned by ATSU and Vanguard Health Systems. Long terms for the new park include hospitals, long-term care facilities, professional offices, and product development research facilities. [22]

California campus

The university's Santa Maria campus is a 25,000 square feet (2,300 m2) facility intended to support pre-clinical education. It includes clinical simulation rooms, a library, a student lounge, and a recreation area. [23]

Patient care

A.T. Still University provides patient care in several locations in Missouri and Arizona. At the Mesa campus, ATSU provides medical, dental, balance and hearing services. [24] The university provides primary care services in Kirksville and dental services in St. Louis, Missouri. [24]

Academics

CollegeFoundedAccreditation
ATSU1892 Higher Learning Commission [25]
Health Sciences1995 American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) [26]
American Physical Therapy Association [27]
Accreditation Review Commission on Education for the PA [28]
Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education [29]
Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education [30]
Dental Medicine2003 American Dental Association [31]
Osteopathic Medicine1892 American Osteopathic Association COCA [32]

ATSU currently offers 30 graduate and post-professional programs among its schools and colleges. All programs at ATSU are post-baccalaureate and focused on health sciences. ATSU-KCOM is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission, a commission of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools (NCA). [25] Individual programs also hold accreditation by their respective national accrediting bodies.

Doctoral degrees include the Doctor of Audiology, Doctor of Dental Medicine, Doctor of Occupational Therapy, Doctor of Physical Therapy, and Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine. Master of Science programs are offered in Athletic Training, Biomedical Sciences, Orthodontics, Occupational Therapy, and Physician Assistant Studies. Several certificate programs are offered in various subjects, including athletic sciences, global health, education and leadership. Several degree programs are offered online.

Community health centers and medical education

SOMA educates osteopathic medicine students under a relatively new medical educational model, which links osteopathic training to community health centers in the U.S. [33] A partnership exists between ATSU and the National Association of Community Health Centers. [34] The ATSU-ASDOH implemented a model integrating state of the art training with patient care needs in community health centers (CHCs). ATSU-SOMA works in partnership with eleven sites to integrate medical education with preparation for the most complex healthcare careers. [35] A hometown program exists to offer an opportunity for medical students previously connected to CHCs to gain admission. [36]

Research

Through the AT Still Research Institute, the university conducts research in several areas. In cooperation with the National Center for Community Health Research, ATSU conducts research on social determinants in health, particularly in regions served by community health centers. ATSU also conducts research on assessing trainees skills in the subject of osteopathic manipulative medicine. The Center for Oral Health Research conducts research in the field of dentistry. Research is funded in part by the National Institute for Health. [37]

Student life

ATSU has an average annual enrollment of more than 3,100 students from 35 countries. [38] In the 2018–19 academic year, a total of 3,717 students were in attendance at ATSU, [4] from 35 countries. [38] In that academic year, 77% of students were full time, while 23% were enrolled on a part-time basis. [4] 57% of students were female and 43% were male. [4] 56% were White, 14% Asian, 9% Hispanic/Latino, 7% black or African-American, 1% Native American, 1% Native Hawaiian, 5% two or more races, and the remaining students were of unknown ethnicity (6%). [4]

Students at ATSU participate in 143 clubs and extracurricular organizations on campus. [39] Organizations include an active student government association and the professional fraternities Sigma Sigma Phi and Delta Sigma Delta. The Still-Well Student Wellness Program is designed to encourage students' health and wellness. Additional clubs and organizations on campus include: [40]

People

ATSU employs 234 full time faculty and 511 part time faculty. [4] Some notable alumni, faculty and staff include:

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Midwestern University</span> Graduate university in Illinois and Arizona, US

Midwestern University (MWU) is a private medical and professional school with campuses in Downers Grove, Illinois and Glendale, Arizona. As of the 2022–23 academic year, a total of 2,758 students were enrolled at the Downers Grove campus and 3,782 were enrolled at the Glendale campus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences</span> Medical school of Oklahoma State University

Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences (OSU-CHS) is a public medical school in Tulsa, Oklahoma. It also has a branch campus in Tahlequah, Oklahoma. Founded in 1972, OSU-CHS is part of the Oklahoma State University System. OSU-CHS offers a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) and over fifteen other different graduate degrees.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine</span> Osteopathic medical school in Virginia, USA

The Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM) is a private osteopathic medical school on the campus of Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, Virginia, with branch campuses in Spartanburg, South Carolina, Auburn, Alabama, and Monroe, Louisiana. VCOM also recently added Bluefield University to its list of campuses. Founded in 2002, VCOM graduated its first class of 139 students in June 2007.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">American Osteopathic Association</span> American professional association

The American Osteopathic Association (AOA) is the representative member organization for the more than 197,000 osteopathic medical doctors (D.O.s) and osteopathic medical students in the United States. The AOA is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, and is involved in post-graduate training for osteopathic physicians. Beginning in 2015, it began accrediting post-graduate education as a committee within the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, creating a unified accreditation system for all DOs and MDs in the United States. The organization promotes public health, encourages academic scientific research, serves as the primary certifying body for D.O.s overseeing 18 certifying boards, and is the accrediting agency for osteopathic medical schools through its Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation. As of October 2015, the AOA no longer owns the Healthcare Facilities Accreditation Program (HFAP), which accredited hospitals and other health care facilities.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Western University of Health Sciences</span> Private medical university in Pomona, California

Western University of Health Sciences (WesternU) is a private medical university in Pomona, California. With an enrollment of 3,724 students (2022–23), WesternU offers more than twenty academic programs in multiple colleges. It also operates an additional campus in Lebanon, Oregon.

James J. McGovern is an American academic, who served as president of A.T. Still University (ATSU) from 1997 to 2008. He was also a professor in the university's Department of Family Medicine and Community Health.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Touro University California</span> Jewish health graduate school in Vallejo, California,

Touro University California is a private graduate school focused primarily on health professions and located on Mare Island in Vallejo, California. It is part of the Touro College and University System and is jointly administered with its sister campus Touro University Nevada.

The Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine is a public medical school located in Stratford, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Founded in 1976, Rowan-Virtua SOM is one of two medical schools associated with Rowan University. Rowan-Virtua SOM confers the Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine degree (DO), and is one of the top medical schools for geriatric care and primary care as ranked by the U.S. News & World Report.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kansas City University</span> American osteopathic medical school

Kansas City University (KCU) is a private medical school with its main campus in Kansas City, Missouri and an additional campus in Joplin, Missouri. Founded in 1916, KCU is one of the original osteopathic medical schools in the United States. It consists of both a College of Osteopathic Medicine and a College of Biosciences. KCU is one of the largest medical schools in the nation by enrollment.

Most physicians in the United States hold either the Doctor of Medicine degree (MD) or the Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine degree (DO). Institutions awarding the MD are accredited by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME). Institutions awarding the DO are accredited by the Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation (COCA). The World Directory of Medical Schools lists both LCME accredited MD programs and COCA accredited DO programs as US medical schools. Foreign-trained osteopaths do not hold DO degrees and are not recognized as physicians in the United States or in other jurisdictions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine</span> Medical school based in New York state

The New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine (NYIT-COM) is a private medical school located primarily in Old Westbury, New York. It also has a degree-granting campus in Jonesboro, Arkansas. Founded in 1977, NYIT-COM is an academic division of the New York Institute of Technology. Formerly the New York College of Osteopathic Medicine, it is one of the largest medical schools in the United States. As of 2023, the NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine has a 100 percent match rate, with all members of the Class of 2023 placed into residencies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sigma Sigma Phi</span> American osteopathic medical honor fraternity

Sigma Sigma Phi, is the national osteopathic medicine honors fraternity for medical students training to be Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.). The National Osteopathic Medicine Honors Fraternity is a group united in the interest of preserving the highest class of medical scholastic excellence and includes community service.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rocky Vista University</span> American medical school

Rocky Vista University (RVU) is a private, for-profit medical school with campus locations in Englewood, Colorado, Ivins, Utah, and Billings, Montana. The school opened in 2006 as the only modern for-profit medical school in the United States although other for-profit schools have since opened. RVU's College of Osteopathic Medicine (RVUCOM) grants the Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine degree and admitted its inaugural class of medical students at the Parker, Colorado campus in August 2008.

Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine is a medical degree conferred by the 38 osteopathic medical schools in the United States. DO and Doctor of Medicine (MD) degrees are equivalent: a DO graduate may become licensed as a physician or surgeon and thus have full medical and surgical practicing rights in all 50 US states. As of 2023, there were 186,871 osteopathic physicians and medical students in DO programs across the United States. Osteopathic medicine emerged historically from the quasi-medical practice of osteopathy, but has become a distinct and proper medical profession.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine</span> Osteopathic medical school of Michigan State University

The Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine (MSUCOM) is one of the two public medical schools of Michigan State University, a public land-grant research university in East Lansing, Michigan. The college grants the Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) degree, as well as a DO-PhD combined degree for students interested in training as physician-scientists. MSUCOM operates two satellite campuses in Clinton Township and Detroit. The college is accredited by the American Osteopathic Association's Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation (COCA) and by the Higher Learning Commission.

A.T. Still University - School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona (ATSU-SOMA) is a private medical school in Mesa, Arizona. It was established in 2007 as the Arizona campus of A.T. Still University. A.T. Still University (ATSU) is the original founding institution of osteopathic healthcare, established in 1892 by Andrew Taylor Still in Kirksville, Missouri.

Craig M. Phelps is the president and provost of A.T. Still University, a professional health science school located in Kirksville, Missouri, and Mesa, Arizona. As provost, Dr. Phelps oversees the A.T. Still University School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona, Arizona School of Health Sciences and the Arizona School of Dentistry and Oral Health. Phelps graduated medical school from A.T. Still University KCOM in 1984. Dr. Phelps is the recipient of the 2006 KOAA Distinguished Service Award, ATSU’s George Windsor Award in 2007, and Health Care Heroes Finalist in 2008. Also in 2008 he was a Living Tribute Award Recipient.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine</span> Osteopathic medical school in Dothan, Alabama, U.S.

The Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine (ACOM) is a private medical school in Dothan, Alabama. It is the first osteopathic medical school in the state and is believed to be the first osteopathic medical school in the nation established by a regional not-for-profit hospital.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">California Health Sciences University</span> University in Clovis, California, U.S.

California Health Sciences University (CHSU) is a private, for-profit university located in Clovis, California. Founded in 2012, the school currently operates two academic programs, one offering a doctorate degree in medicine and the second offering a masters degree in science. Graduates of the College of Osteopathic Medicine (COM) will receive the Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degree, and graduates of the College of Biosciences and Health Professions (CBHP) will receive the Masters Of Science In Biomedical Sciences (MSBS) degree. The school had previously also offered a Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) degree but no longer offers it.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alpha Tau Sigma</span> Professional medical fraternity that ceased operations in 1964

Alpha Tau Sigma (ΑΤΣ) was a professional medical fraternity that ceased operations in 1964. It was founded in 1912 at the American School of Osteopathy in Kirksville, Missouri in the United States.

References

  1. Walter, Georgia (1992). The first school of osteopathic medicine. Thomas Jefferson University Press. ISBN   0-943549-08-6.
  2. Sarah Young (October 24, 2002). "KCOM honors founder". Archived from the original on July 17, 2011.
  3. "2006-07 KCOM/SHM/ASHS/ASDOH Year in Review ATSU Financial Report" (PDF). ATSU Financial Report. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 13, 2007. Retrieved April 11, 2008.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "A.T. Still University". College Navigator. Institute of Education Sciences National Center for Education Statistics. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved November 8, 2012.
  5. "A.T. Still University-Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine" (PDF). AACOM. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 21, 2012. Retrieved September 13, 2012.
  6. "Communication: Fast Fact". A.T. Still University (Kirksville, Missouri). Archived from the original on December 4, 2008. Retrieved November 4, 2008.
  7. 1 2 "Andrew Taylor Still". Archived from the original on November 19, 2008. Retrieved December 29, 2008.
  8. 1 2 "A.T. Still University - Support ATSU - Partners & Friends". Atsu.edu. Archived from the original on August 6, 2012. Retrieved May 26, 2012.
  9. "History of ATSU". AT Still University. Archived from the original on June 14, 2020. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
  10. Gevitz, Norman (February 2014). "The "Diplomate in Osteopathy": From "School of Bones" to "School of Medicine"". The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association. 114 (2): 114–124. doi: 10.7556/jaoa.2014.025 . PMID   24481804.
  11. The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, Volume 7
  12. "Chapter 3: History of Osteopathy". Early American Manual Therapy. David McMillin. Archived from the original on April 7, 2023. Retrieved April 10, 2020.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 "Along the line of history". AT Still University.
  14. 1 2 3 4 Hubbard, Katie (October 18, 2017). "ATSU 125: Key dates in the university's history". Kirksville Daily Express. Archived from the original on June 15, 2020. Retrieved June 15, 2020.
  15. "Campus Locations". atsu.edu. Archived from the original on May 6, 2015. Retrieved June 23, 2015.
  16. "CCPA". atsu.edu. Archived from the original on January 25, 2021. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
  17. "ATSU News | Higher Learning Commission approves newest ATSU campus, college in Santa Maria, California". www.atsu.edu. Archived from the original on May 22, 2022. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
  18. "About A.T. Still University". www.atsu.edu. Archived from the original on May 5, 2022. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
  19. "ATSU - Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine - About KCOM - Campus". Atsu.edu. Archived from the original on March 27, 2012. Retrieved May 26, 2012.
  20. 1 2 Hansen, Julia (May 23, 2019). "Museum at Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine chronicles the history of the practice". The Columbia Missourian. Missourian. Archived from the original on June 15, 2020. Retrieved June 15, 2020.
  21. "Museum of Osteopathic Medicine". AT Still University. Archived from the original on April 17, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2020.
  22. "ATSU - School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona - About - The Campus". ATSU. Archived from the original on June 14, 2012. Retrieved May 26, 2012.
  23. "CHC - Campus". www.atsu.edu. Archived from the original on May 22, 2022. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
  24. 1 2 "Clinics". AT Still University. Archived from the original on September 26, 2020. Retrieved June 15, 2020.
  25. 1 2 "A. T. Still University of Health Sciences". The Higher Learning Commission. Archived from the original on November 3, 2013. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
  26. "Council on Academic Accreditation Program List". American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Archived from the original on August 14, 2020. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
  27. "Accredited PT & PTA Programs Directory". Council on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education. Archived from the original on August 12, 2020. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
  28. "Accredited Programs". Accreditation Review Commission on Education for the Physician Assistant. Archived from the original on June 15, 2020. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
  29. "School Directory". Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education. Archived from the original on May 11, 2020. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
  30. "SEARCH FOR ACCREDITED PROGRAMS". Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education. Archived from the original on June 7, 2020. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
  31. "Search DDS/DMD Programs". American Dental Association. Archived from the original on March 19, 2016. Retrieved July 9, 2012.
  32. "COMMISSION ON OSTEOPATHIC COLLEGE ACCREDITATION: Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine" (PDF). American Osteopathic Association. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 15, 2020. Retrieved June 15, 2020.
  33. Krueger, PM; Dane, P; Slocum, P; Kimmelman, M (June 2009). "Osteopathic clinical training in three universities". Academic Medicine. 84 (6): 712–7. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181a409b1 . PMID   19474543.
  34. "National Association of Community Health Centers, Inc". Nachc.com. May 8, 2012. Archived from the original on June 15, 2009. Retrieved May 26, 2012.
  35. "ATSU - School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona - "The Medical School of the Future" - Community Health Centers". Atsu.edu. Archived from the original on June 14, 2012. Retrieved May 26, 2012.
  36. "ATSU - School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona - Admissions - Hometown Partnerships for Health". Atsu.edu. Archived from the original on June 18, 2012. Retrieved May 26, 2012.
  37. "ATSU study receives three-year grant". Kirksville Daily Express. September 25, 2018.
  38. 1 2 "About ATSU". A.T. Still University. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved April 6, 2015.
  39. "Quick Facts". AT Still University. Archived from the original on October 19, 2013. Retrieved December 7, 2013.
  40. "Organizations (Student)". ATSU Engage. ATSU. Archived from the original on June 14, 2020. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
  41. Findley, Jeff. "Cecil Ferguson". Society for American Baseball Research. Archived from the original on June 11, 2020. Retrieved June 15, 2020.
  42. "Dr. Craig M. Phelps DO". US News.
  43. "Dr. Craig Phelps Named Physician of the Year". NBA. Archived from the original on June 15, 2020. Retrieved June 15, 2020.
  44. Hunsicker, Jason (October 18, 2017). "ATSU 125: Q&A with Dr. Craig Phelps". Kirksville Daily Express. Archived from the original on June 15, 2020. Retrieved June 15, 2020.
  45. Thomas A. Quinn (April 1, 2011). The Feminine Touch: Women in Osteopathic Medicine. Truman State University Press. pp. 33–34. ISBN   978-1-935503-13-2.
  46. "Kelli Ward bio". Arizona Daily Star. July 14, 2016. Archived from the original on May 23, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
  47. Haynes, Sterling. "DR MASAJIRO MIYAZAKI—ENEMY ALIEN?". BC Medical Journal. Archived from the original on June 15, 2020. Retrieved June 15, 2020.
  48. "Dr. Renee Joy Dufault". Renee Dufault. Archived from the original on August 10, 2020. Retrieved June 15, 2020.
  49. Longden, Tom. "Famous Iowans: S.S. Still". Des Moines Register. Archived from the original on January 22, 2013. Retrieved June 15, 2020.
  50. Howard, Anthony (September 20, 1987). "THE WAGES OF HANKY-PANKY". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 24, 2015. Retrieved June 15, 2020.
  51. "Dr. Suzanne Steinbaum DO". US News. Archived from the original on June 15, 2020. Retrieved June 15, 2020.
  52. "William Garner SutherlandWilliam". Sutherland Cranial College of Osteopathy. SCCO. Archived from the original on June 15, 2020. Retrieved June 15, 2020.
  53. Bischoff, Laura A. "GOP-invited Ohio doctor Sherri Tenpenny falsely tells Ohio lawmakers COVID-19 shots 'magnetize' people, create 5G 'interfaces'". The Columbus Dispatch. Archived from the original on June 14, 2021. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
  54. "1975.75.11 - 1975.75 | Museum of Osteopathic Medicine". momicoh.pastperfectonline.com. Retrieved December 10, 2024.